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Antioxidant activity of panJe tea combination of pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius) and jahe (Zingiber officinale)
Get PDFHerbal tea are popular because of their potential herbal medicine, a blend of herbal ingredients, promised to provide a specific purpose. The main purpose is to determine antioxidant activity in herbal teas (pandan mixed ginger) and in their infusions, as well as to obtain more complex information about the tea products. In this study, DPPH radical scavenging, H2O2 scavenging, ABTS reduction, and FRAP reduction assay were carried out. These assays are proved that the IC50 values of ginger are higher than PanJe and pandan. For DPPH scavenging, H2O2 scavenging, FRAP scavenging, ABTS reduction activities, PanJe resulted IC50 14.69 ¼g/mL, 27.70 ¼g/mL, 7.09 ¼g/mL, and 411.28 µg/mL, while ginger yielded IC50 7.76 ¼g/mL, 13.23 μg/mL, 4.94 ¼g/mL ,and 125.95 respectively. Otherwise, the highest total phenolic and flavonoid of panje were shown at 1.60 ± 0.26 µg QE / 100% extract and 8.67 ± 0.80 µg QE/100% extract respectively. Based on these results, PanJe, pandan and ginger are concluded as an active natural product because it exhibited antioxidant activities from two mixed compounds
Comparison effectiveness of use antihypertensive in preeclampsia patient in RSUD Panembahan Senopati Bantul
Get PDFPreeclampsia is one of many unsolved obstetric problems. The purpose of this research is to compare effectiveness of antihypertensive in preeclampsia patient in RSUD Panembahan Senopati Bantul in the period January-July 2019. This study needs to analyze about antihypertensive drugs in preeclampsia because Preeclampsia is the 3rd rank of disease in pregnancy that causes maternal death after hemorrhagic and cardiovascular diseases. The study was conducted at Panembahan Senopati Hospital Bantul because hypertension in inpatient was ranked first in 10 distributions of non-communicable diseases. The research was observational analytic using a cross sectional study with retrospective data collection of patient medical record. Samples were selected on inclusion and exclusion criteria in 46 cases. Data analysis using Mann-Whitney to determine differences in drug effectiveness and Fisher's to determine the relationship. The results are found that no relationship between maternal age, obstetrical age, pregnancy status, method of birth, and length of stay, but there was a relationship between the severity of preeclampsia with the achievement of blood pressure targets. The results of comparative analysis of the effectiveness nifedipine monotherapy with combination of nifedipine + methyldopa there was a significant difference (p = 0.006), and there was a significant relationship between nifedipine monotherapy and combination of nifedipine + methyldopa (p = 0.015) OR results = 7.200. The conclusion of this study is more effective to use the combination of nifedipine + methyldopa for patients with preeclampsia
Exploration of the flavonoid content of Ziziphus spina-christi leaf extract and antioxidant activity assay through in vitro and in silico methods
Get PDFOne plant that has the potential as an antioxidant is Ziziphus spina-christi (ZSC) because it contains phenolics and flavonoids. This study aims to determine the flavonoid content both qualitatively and quantitatively and to test the antioxidant activity of ZSC leaf extract using in vitro and in silico attenuation methods. Determination of the total flavonoid content of ZSC leaf extract using a comparison of quercetin. In vitro the antioxidant activity assay of ZSC leaf extract was carried out by measuring the reducing activity of ZSC leaf extract against the radical DPPH using ascorbic acid as comparison, while the in silico method using QSAR and pharmacophore modeling techniques. The results showed that the total flavonoid content obtained from ZSC leaf extract was 0.2515 ± 0.0013 mg QE/g D.W with an IC50 of 58.9296 ppm. This value indicates that ZSC leaf extract has potential as a strong antioxidant. Furthermore, from the in silico method using pharmacophore modeling and QSAR techniques, 8 hit compounds were obtained from the content of ZSC with IC50 QSAR ranging from 6.57 to 0.0004, which was thought to be the metabolite that had the most role in its antioxidant activity. This value indicates that ZSC leaf extract has potential as a very strong antioxidant. It also proves that QSAR and pharmacophore modeling techniques can be used as confirmatory tests for in vitro results in determining the antioxidant activity of natural materials
Comparison of small molecules VEGFR inhibitors in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma
Get PDFVascular endothelial growth factors receptors (VEGFR) inhibitors play a vital role in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. These are small molecules that predominantly exhibit anti-angiogenesis activity in conjunction with other anti-tumor effects. These drug therapies are approved for the use in patients as frontline agents or adjuvant therapy in renal cell carcinoma. However, VEGFR inhibitors are associated with undesirable adverse events, with some having a more manageable toxicity profile compared to others. As a result, choice of treatment poses a challenge for healthcare providers and patients. Nonetheless, these agents demonstrate improved disease/progression free survival (DFS/PFS) values and remain a critical component in the treatment of kidney cancer
Validity and reliability of “Short-questionnaire of tuberculosis patients’ knowledge about anti-tuberculosis and hepatotoxicity” (SQ-KSH-TB)
Get PDFUntil presently, tuberculosis has been a burden to Indonesia, placing the country third among countries with the heaviest tuberculosis burden in the world. Tuberculosis treatment takes a long period and may cause side effects. Therefore, it requires sufficient tuberculosis knowledge on the patients' part for the patients to know of the side effects of anti-tuberculosis and how to deal with them. This research aimed to obtain a short questionnaire of tuberculosis patients' knowledge about anti-tuberculosis and hepatotoxicity (SQ-KSH-TB) which determines patients' knowledge of anti-tuberculosis side effects and how to handle them. This research employed a cross-sectional design and involved 17 public health services (puskesmas) and three hospitals in Yogyakarta Province. The inclusion criteria were patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis and being in a tuberculosis treatment period with a public health service or a pulmonary hospital in Yogyakarta Province. The exclusion criteria were the patients passing away, having completed a six months treatment or having been receiving treatment for over six months, and being unwilling to cooperate in the research. The questionnaire used in this research was a questionnaire that was developed based on prior research work, containing eight questions on a Guttman scale. Validity and reliability analyses were carried out with Pearson's product-moment correlation and the Kuder-Richardson-20 test, respectively. As many as 194 subjects enrolled in this research. The eight questions in the questionnaire had r count values greater than the r table, hence meeting the validity criterion. Meanwhile, the KR-20 value obtained was 0.721, indicating a good level of reliability. The SQ-KSH-TB was able to meet the validity and reliability criteria, showing applicability in the Indonesian context
Evaluation of antiparkinsonian activity of water yam tuber (Dioscorea alata L.) extract on haloperidol-induced Parkinson’s disease in mice
Get PDFParkinson’s disease (PD) appears as motor dysfunction that is attributed to depleting dopamine levels due to cell death in the extrapyramidal system that is comprised of the basal ganglia’s motor neurons. Oxidative stress is central in triggering cell death. Water yam (Dioscorea alata L.) contains anthocyanins with potential antioxidative and neuroprotective activities that can ameliorate oxidative stress in PD. This research aimed to assess the antiparkinsonian activity of the water yam’s ethanol extract by observing motor (bar test, rotarod test, negative geotaxis reflex test, cliff avoidance test) and sensory activities (olfactory testing) in vivo in mice with haloperidol-induced PD. Water yam tubers were extracted by maceration with the solvent 70% ethanol. This experimental research employed a posttest-only control group design where 35 mice were equally distributed into 7 treatment groups, containing 5 each: Group 1 (normal group) was administered Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sodium (CMC-Na) orally (p.o.) and aqua pro injection intraperitoneally (i.p.); Group 2 (negative group) was given CMC-Na p.o.; Groups 3 and 4 (positive groups) received, respectively, levodopa p.o. and curcumin p.o.; and then, finally, Groups 5, 6, and 7 (test groups) were given the water yam extracts at varying doses: 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW. CMC-Na, levodopa, and the extract were given once a day for 7 days. Fifteen minutes after receiving their respective treatments on the last day, all the test animals, except for Group 1, were injected with haloperidol solution at 2 mg/kg BW i.p. Then, a bar test, rotarod test, geotaxis reflex test, olfactory testing, and cliff avoidance test were performed to examine their motor and sensory responses in the 5, 60, 120, and 180th minutes. The data obtained were inputted and analyzed statistically with a One-Way ANOVA and then continued with an LSD test. In addition, thin-layer chromatography was employed as the anthocyanin screening test for the ethanol extract of water yam tubers. Results showed that the ethanol extract contained pelargonidin, and when given at 200 and 400 mg/kg, it substantially shortened the exploration time and prolonged latency to first fall in all the tests relative to the haloperidol, levodopa, and curcumin groups. (p<0.05). Thus, it can be inferred that the ethanol extract of water yam contains pelargonidin (an anthocyanin compound) and has the activity of preventing haloperidol-induced PD in mice when administered at 200 and 400 mg/kg BW
Antibacterial activities of Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb. leaves from Kebumen against Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri
Get PDFGanitri (Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb) is a plant known for its antibacterial properties, particularly in its leaves. The leaves of Ganitri contain antibacterial compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins. The objective of this study is to investigate the antibacterial activity and determine the minimum concentration of ethanol, methanol, and distilled water extracts from Ganitri leaves in inhibiting the growth of Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri bacteria. A preliminary study of phytochemical with Thin Layer Chromatogram (TLC) and antibacterial study was conducted. The study was conducted in vitro by disc diffusion method with positive control of ciprofloxacin 50 µg/mL and negative control of sterile aquadest. The extract concentration series used were 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 100%. The extracts of ganitri leaves have antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri bacteria. The TLC results were observed under visible light at 254 and 365 nm. Ethanol, methanol, and aquadest extracts of ganitri leaves produce spots that are almost comparable to the compounds of quercetin and tannic acid. The inhibitory zone range of the extracts in Escherichia coli bacteria is 10.33-19.66 mm with a strong category. In comparison, the inhibitory zone range of Shigella flexneri is 8.88-22.62 mm with a moderate-very strong category. ANOVA test results stated a significance value of p = 0.001 (p <0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that the ethanol, methanol, and aquadest extracts of ganitri leaves had significant differences. The minimum concentration of each extract in inhibiting the bacteria Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri is 10%
Measurement of quality parameters of Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) simplicia from sungai Itik village, West Kalimantan
Get PDFSnakehead fish (Channa striata) is one of the natural ingredients that have the potential to heal wounds quickly. Snakehead fish extract ointment with a combination of kelulut honey, clove oil, golden sea cucumber extract, and green betel extract can accelerate wound healing. Standardization is a process carried out to ensure the stability, safety, quality, and efficacy of the natural ingredients used. This study aims to standardize simplicia (fish fillet) raw materials used for the manufacture of snakehead fish extract herbal ointment. The method used follows the Indonesian National Standard, samples were sent to LPPT UGM and Baristand Pontianak. The results of the simplicia (fish fillet) test for snakehead fish were 81.6% water content, 0.813% total ash content, 0.02% acid-insoluble ash content, 19.3% protein, 2.93% total fat, 0.01% iron mg/kg, zinc 0.002 mg/kg, and calcium 817 mg/kg and the alkaloid and tannin quality tests were negative. the results of the simplicia test (fish fillet) for snakehead fish E. coli 3 AMP/gr, ALT 3.2 x 104 colonies/g, and the Salmonella test also met the requirements. The results of characterization tests with various methods and parameters that have been carried out show that the simplicia (fish fillet) of snakehead fish (Channa striata) has good quality and quality to be processed into extracts
Formulation of patchouli oil spray gel (Pogostemon cablin Benth) and irritation test in rabbit
Get PDFPatchouli plant (Pogostemon cablin Benth) is one of the essential oil-producing plants widely used in perfume, cosmetic, aromatherapy, antiseptic, antibacterial, and antifungal industries. The essential oil derived from patchouli leaves contains terpenoid compounds with antibacterial and antifungal activity. This study aims to determine the optimum formulation of patchouli oil spray gel as a wound antiseptic and to observe the irritation test of the samples. The spray gel formulations of patchouli oil were prepared in various concentrations i.e. 5%, 7.5%, and 10% (v/v), solved in aqua dest with the addition of carbopol 940 as the gelating agent. The spray gels were tested to determine their physical characteristics, including the organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH, adhesive dispersion test, viscosity test, and spray pattern test. The results showed that the patchouli oil spray gels were yellowish-white and had a distinctive odor and homogeneous texture with a pH 5. They all had adhesive dispersion, and the optimum viscosity of the spray gel was found at a 7.5% (v/v) concentration of patchouli oil. The irritation test was carried out using the patch test method with a score of erythema and edema. The results showed that all three formulas very mild irritation
Study of adverse effects of extrapyramidal syndrome use of combination of antipsychotics antidepressants in outpatient schizophrenia patients in RSUP Fatmawati for the period 2016-2020
Get PDFSchizophrenia disorder is a serious mental disorder and chronic symptoms that have mixed of schizophrenia and mood symptoms. Schizophrenia affects the individual concerned. Schizophrenia has several symptoms that can cause social and occupational dysfunction, such as disruption of work or activities, lack of interpersonal relationships, decreased self-care skills, and mortality. This study was an observational study with a cross-sectional study design using secondary data in the form of medical records. The population of this study is 449 patients, and 126 patients met the inclusion criteria. The number of patients with age 20-35 years is 47.6%, 54% male gender, 96.8% take the drug by oral. The most common diagnosis of the patient with schizophrenia was paranoid schizophrenia 100 (79.4%), and got the most common extrapyramidal adverse effect in acute dystonia is 32.5%. The type of drug that may cause extrapyramidal adverse effects are the Risperidone antipsychotic in 90 (17.9%). The results of the study showed that there was no significant relationship between the type of drug combination use and the incidence of adverse effects from extrapyramidal syndrome with a sig. 0.966> 0.05. Meanwhile, the number of drugs consumed by the patients did not have a significant relationship with the sig value. 0.119> 0.05. The Gender, patient age, method of administration, and diagnosis of schizophrenia did not affect the adverse effects of extrapyramidal syndrome with sig values of each gender (p=0.881), patient age (p=0.665), method of administration (p=0.920), and diagnosis of schizophrenia (p=0.908)