Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian
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Pengaruh Kombinasi Pupuk Organik dan Anorganik terhadap Sifat Kimia Tanah, dan Hasil Tanaman Jagung di Lahan Kering Masam
Full text linkABSTRACTEffect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers Combination on Soil Productivity and Crop Yield of Maize Farming in Acid Upland Soil. Continous use of inorganic fertilizers on maize farming in acid upland soil causes negative impacts on soil productivity and environment. The research aimed was to study the effect of manure and sludge combined with inorganic fertilizers to the changes in soil chemical properties, growth, production and profit of maize farming in acid upland soil. The research was conducted at Tamanbogo Experimental Farm, East Lampung from March to July 2013 using a randomized block design with four replications. The treatment consisted of 5 t/ha of cattle manure, 5 t/ha of dried sludge (by product of biogas production) and its combination with 50% and 75% of recommended rates of inorganic fertilizers (RRIF). The results showed that application of manure or sludge incombination with 50% RRIF gave the best growth and yield of maize. The plant height was between 177.85-195.75 cm, the dry grain yield was between 4.01-4.45 t/ha and the harvest residues was between 4.62-4.58 t/ha. Most of maize biomass were accumulated at the grain (46.20%) and the rest was almost evenly distributed on the roots, stems, leaves, cob and husk. The biggest ratio of dry grain to the harvest residues was 89.52%, it was achieved by the treatment of sludge with 50% RRIF.organic fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers, maize growth and yieldABSTRAKPenggunaan pupuk anorganik secara terus menerus pada usahatani jagung di lahan kering masam menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap produktivitas tanah dan lingkungan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh penggunaan pupuk kandang dan sludge yang dikombinasikan dengan pupuk buatan/anorganik terhadap perubahan sifat kimia tanah, pertumbuhan, produksi dan keuntungan pada usahatani jagung di lahan kering masam.Penelitian dilakukan di KP Tamanbogo, Lampung Timur pada bulan Maret sampai Juli 2013 menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari 5 t/ha pupuk kandang, 5 t/ha sludge (hasil samping pembuatan biogas) dan kombinasinya dengan 50% dan 75 % dosis pupuk anorganik rekomendasi (DPAR).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi antara pupuk kandang atau sludge dengan 50% DPAR memberikan pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung terbaik. Tinggi tanaman mencapai 177,85-195,75 cm, hasil biji pipilan kering antara 4,01-4,45 t/ha dan brangkasan sisa panen antara 4,62-4,58 t/ha. Sebagian besar biomassa jagung terakumulasi padabagian biji (46,20%) dan sisanya tersebar hampir merata pada bagian akar, batang, daun, janggel, dan kelobot. Rasio pipilan kering jagung terhadap brangkasan sisa panen terbesar adalah 89,52% yang dicapai oleh perlakuan sludge disertai pupuk anorganik pada 50% DPAR.pupuk organik, pupuk anorganik, pertumbuhan dan hasil jagun
KAJIAN PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT BUSUK PANGKAL BATANG LADA DENGAN MODIFIKASI IKLIM MIKRO
Full text linkStudy of Pepper Rot Stem Disease Controlling With Micro Climate Modification. Pepper stem rot disease Phytophthora capsici Leon is a major disease on pepper plants in the Southeast Sulawesi areas. The control of this fungus disease is difficult because it goes in the trunk network and it can be known after the plants wilt. The purpose of this study was to determine the microclimate that could hinder the development of the fungus P. capsici.This study was conducted in Konawe South, Southeast Sulawesi from February to November 2015. The study used randomized block design with treatments tested were 1) Control; 2) Solar irradiation between 25-30%; 3) Solar irradiation between 50-55% and 4) Irradiation between 75-80%. Each treatment was repeated 5 times. The parameters observed were soil moisture, the intensity of the irradiation, the percentage of attacks and severity of disease levels and productivity. Research results indicated that the modification of solar radiation affected the air humidity, so that the development of stem rot disease pepper could be controlled. On irradiation of 50-55% can reduce the severity of an attack up to 77.36%.diseases, controlling, climate, pepper ABSTRAKPenyakit busuk pangkal batang lada Phytophthora capsici Leon, merupakan penyakit utama pada tanaman lada di Sulawesi Tenggara. Pengendalian penyakit cendawan ini masih sulit karena masuk dalam jaringan batang dan diketahui setelah tanamannya layu. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui iklim mikro yang dapat menghambat perkembangan cendawan P. capsici. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Konawe Selatan, Sulawesi Tenggara dari bulan Februari sampai Nopember 2015. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan perlakuan yang dicobakan adalah: 1) Kontrol; 2) Penyinaran matahari antara 25 – 30%; 3) Penyinaran matahari antara 50 – 55%, dan 4) Penyinaran antara 75 – 80%. Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 5 kali. Parameter yang diamati meliputi kelembaban tanah, intensitas penyinaran, persentase serangan dan tingkat keparahan serangan penyakit serta produktivitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modifikasi penyinaran matahari mempengarhi kelembaban udara, sehingga perkembangan penyakit busuk pangkal batang lada dapat ditekan. Pada penyinaran 50 – 55% dapat menekan tingkat keparahan serangan sampai 77,36%.penyakit, pengendalian, iklim, lad
KAJIAN MINUS ONE TEST DAN KESUBURAN LAHAN PASIR UNTUK BUDIDAYA TANAMAN BAWANG MERAH
Full text linkSoil Fertilyty and Minus One Test of Sandy Land For Shallot. Besides to prove the potential of N, P and K nutrients as limiting factors for shallot plants, the objectives of this research was to find out physical characteristics and fertility in sandy land (soils) in Bantul, Kulon Progo district, Special Region of Yogyakarta. Research was carried out in two stages. The first stage was survey and analysis of sandy land in Bantul and Kulon Progo by the age ofamelioration. Survey techniques was based on four age ameliorations of sandy soil. The second stage was conducted using complete randomized block design sigle factor. The second was minus one test of N, P and K consists of five treatments: 1 .TP = no fertilizer (control), 2. PK (-N) = complete fertilizer without N, 3. NK (-P) = complete fertilizerwithout P, 4.NP (-K) = complete fertilizer without K and 5. NPK = complete fertilizer. The results showed that the introduction of amelioration techniques changed and improved soil different changes in physical and chemical of sandy land. Ameliorant addition into the planting media had positive with the percentage change in silt (0.55-2.37%) and clay (0.45-0.51%) increasing significantly, followed by levels P2O5 and lowerring the sand (1.05-2.07%). The result of minus one test fertilizer on sandy land for the shallot that fertilizer N become the main limiting factor P and K light whereas P and K nutrients were the limiting factor on sandy land for shallot. Ameliorant, sandy land, shallotABSTRAKTujuan penelitian untuk membuktikan bahwa hara N, P, dan K faktor pembatas untuk pertumbuhan dan produksi bawang merah pada lahan pasir pantai. Disamping itu juga mengetahui perubahan sifat fisik dan kimia tanah lahan pasir pantai pada berbagai blok dengan umur penggunaan lahan yang berbeda. Penelitian dilakukan dua tahap yaitu pertama survei dan analisis tanah lahan pasir di Kabupaten Bantul dan Kulon Progo D.I. Yogyakarta berdasarkan umur ameliorasi. Penelitian kedua mengetahui faktor pembatas menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) faktor tunggal. Perlakuan minus one test hara N, P dan K terdiri dari lima perlakuan: 1. TP = tanpa pupuk(kontrol), 2. PK (-N) = pupuk lengkap kurang N, 3. NK (-P) = pupuk lengkap kurang P, 4. NP (-K) pupuk lengkap kurang K dan 5. NPK pupuk lengkap diulang 5 kali. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan lahan pasir dengan input bahan amelioran terjadi perubahan sifat fisik dan kimia sehingga kesuburan lahan meningkat. Peningkatantersebut karena terjadi perubahan persentase fraksi debu (0,55-2,37%) dan (0,45-0,51%) liat meningkat diikuti kadar hara P2O5, menurunkan fraksi pasir (1,05-2,07%) secara nyata. Hara N menjadi faktor pembatas utama, sedangkan K dan P merupakan pembatas ringan pada lahan pasir untuk bawang merah.Amelioran, lahan pasir, bawang mera
PENGARUH MIKORIZA DAN AMELIORAN PADA BAWANG PREI DI LAHAN TERCEMAR ABU VULKANIK
Full text linkErupsi Gunung Sinabung di Kabupaten Karo Provinsi Sumatera Utara memberikan dampak kurang baik terhadap kesuburan lahan dan kualitas hasil pertanian. Pencemaran abu vulkanik menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan pH tanah, peningkatan kadar Fe dan S, serta pemadatan tanah. Kegiatan penelitian pemberian bahan amelioran pupuk kandang dan kapur dolomit serta mikoriza pada bawang prei telah dilaksanakan di lahan tercemar abu vulkanik, di Desa Sirumbia, Kecamatan Simpang Empat, Kabupaten Karo sejak Mei hingga Oktober 2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pada lahan yang tercemar abu vulkanik, pemberian bahan amelioran seperti pupuk kandang dan kapur dolomit atau mikoriza perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas lahan. Tanpa pemberian bahan-bahan tersebut pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman ternyata lebih rendah. Hasil bawang prei segar tertinggi yaitu sebesar 20,83 t/ha diperoleh dari pemberian 100% pupuk Urea, SP-36 dan KCl dengan dosis masing-masing sebanyak 400, 200 dan 150 kg/ha, yang diikuti dengan penambahan pupuk kandang 5 t/ha, dolomit 500 kg/ha dan mikoriza sebanyak 10 g/tanaman. Pemberian pupuk dan mikoriza berperan dalam meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman yang dibudidayakan pada lahan tersebut dan pada gilirannya akan meningkatkan pendapatan petani.ABSTRACTThe Effect of Mycorrhiza and Ameliorants on Leek Crops in the Volcanic Ash Contaminated Lands. Eruption of the Sinabung volcano in Karo district, North Sumatera province produced the unfavorable impact to the fertility of land and quality of agricultural products. The volcanic ash pollution caused soil pH reduction, the increasing level of Fe and S, and the soil compaction. A study on the application of ameliorant materials of manure, dolomite lime and mycorrhiza to leek crops was conducted in the contaminated land by volcanic ash, which was in Sirumbia village, Simpang Empat sub district, Karo district from May to October 2015. The results showed that in the contaminated land by volcanic ash, the application of ameliorant materials such as manure, dolomite lime or mycorrhiza were necessary without the application of these materials, the crop growth and yield were significantly lower than with application. The highest yield of leek was 20.83 t/ha produced by the application of 100% fertilizers i.e Urea, SP-36 and KCl up to 400, 200 and 150 kg/ha respectively and it was followed with the addition of 5 t/ha manure, 500 kg/ha dolomite lime and 10/single plant. The application of mycorrhiza and fertilizers could increase crops productivity cultivated in the erupted land, thus it also can increase farmers’ income.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN RANSUM BERBAGAI KUALITAS PADA PRODUKSI AIR SUSU PERANAKAN SAPI PERAH FRIESIAN HOLSTEIN DI KABUPATEN SLEMAN YOGYAKARTA
Full text linkEffect of Feeding Ratio with Various Quality on Milk Production of Friesian Holstein Crossbred Cattle in Sleman District of Yogyakarta. The research was conducted from July to October 2013 at the District Integrated Services Unit – Development Unit for Seeds and Feed of Livestocks and Animals Diagnostic under the Sleman Agricultural Agency of Yogyakarta Province. Total of 16 cows on the 2nd or 3rd lactating periods were divided into 3 groups of dietary treatments including a group as the control treatment. Dietary treatments were various feed supplements in the protein contains of (A) 15%, (B) 13% and (C) 12% with energies of (A) 255 cal/100gr, (B) 261 cal /100gr and (C) 274 cal/100gr respectively. The control treatment was local feed product with 12% of crude protein. The mixture of young corn forage and king grass was provided ad libitum as well as water. The result showed that the milk production of treatments group had no differences (p>0.05) from the control group’s. However the average production of milk of group C was higher than group A and B, while the lowest production was from the control group. The milk production of cows of treated groups increased up to 18%. The financial efficiency of feed were IDR3.000 (group A), IDR4.000 (group B) and IDR5.000 (group C). As a result, even the feed treatments have not increase the milk production yet, on the other hand the feed supplements could considerably maintain body condition score (BCS). Feed supplement, milk production, financial efficiencyABSTRAKPenelitian dilaksanakan bulan Juli sampai Oktober 2013 di Unit Pelayanan Terpadu Daerah – Balai Pengembangan Bibit Pakan Ternak dan Diagnostik Kehewanan (UPTD BPBPTDK) Dinas Pertanian Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Sebanyak 16 ekor sapi perah yang sedang laktasi ke 2 dan 3 dibagi ke dalam 3 kelompok perlakuan pakan dengan masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 4 ekor ulangan. Kandungan protein kasar masing-masing perlakuan berkisar 15% (A); 13% (B); dan 12% (C) dengan kandungan energy 255 kal/100gr (A), 261 kal/100gr (B) dan 274 kal/100gr (C). Kontrol perlakuan berupa pakan konsentrat yang dibeli di pasar sekitar wilayah penelitian yang mengandung 12% protein kasar. Hijauan yang diberikan berupa tanaman jagung muda (tebon) dan rumput raja diberikan ad libitum begitu pula air minum. Hasil penelitian menunjukan rata–rata produksi air susu sapi penelitian berdasarkan analisis sidik ragam tidak ada perbedaan (P>0,05) antara perlakuan dan kontrol. Perbandingan produksi air susu antara sebelum dan sesudah diperlakukan berdasarkan uji t menunjukkan perbedaan nyata. Produksi setelah perlakuan menunjukan kenaikan 18% lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan produksi sebelum perlakuan. Perhitunganefisiensi harga pakan dalam satu kali pemberian per ekor per hari antara harga pakan kontrol dengan harga pakan 48 Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian, Vol. 20, No.1, Maret 2017: 47-58 perlakuan, lebih murah harga pakan perlakuan dengan selisih harga untuk masing-masing perlakuan adalah: perlakuan A (Rp3.000), perlakuan B (Rp4.000) dan perlakuan C (Rp5.000). Perlakuan pakan A, B dan C secara umum dapatmempertahankan BCS (body condition score). Dengan demikian, formula pakan perlakuan dapat mempertahankan BCS, tetapi belum bisa meningkatkan jumlah produksi air susu selama laktasi.Konsentrat, produksi air susu, efisiens
SISTEM USAHATANI CABAI MERAH PADA LAHAN PASIR DI YOGYAKARTA
Full text linkABSTRACT Chili Farming System on Sandy Soil in Yogyakarta. Low productivity of chili in Yogyakarta was caused by low quality of seeds, unavailability of suitable technology package, lock of institutional support small scale of the farming system and the disease caused by Gemini virus. Potential of sandy soil area of ± 3,300 ha is located along the south coast of Kulon Progo Regency and Bantul Regency. The objective of this research analysis of feasiability package of varieties of red chili varieties Kencana and Helix specific location of sandy soil that to be developed. The research was conducted at the farmer field in Bugel II village, Panjatan subdistrict, Kulon Progo district, Yogyakarta from March to August 2015.The Rondomize Complete Block Design experimental design was used in this trial. The Treatment of technology, that were innovation technology of introduction by BPTP Yogyakarta and farmer's way is repeated 20 times with 6 sample plants from each replication. The area of the plot corresponds to the land area of the farmer 500 m2. Data analysis was performed on growth, production, t test, and farming and socioeconomic income with B/C, R/C, MBCR and descriptive statistic. The results showed that the technology package was adopted up to 80% by the cooperators and 50% by noncooperators. Productivity of variety Kencana by the cooperators was 4.0 t/ha, within come and R/C were Rp20,979,500 and 1.15, respectively, and MBCR 1.96 times the value-added. Meanwhile, productivity of variety Helix by the cooperators reached 8.068 t/ha by the same cooperators, resulted in income up to Rp120,666,500 with R/C 2.26 and MBCR 5.89 times the value-added. The availability of superior chili varieties supported by techological introductio mekes in the sandy soil potential comodity to be developed. Therefore, guidance of implemention and intensive assistance need to be prepared.chili, farming system, technology adoption, sandy soil ABSTRAK Rendahnya produktivitas cabai merah di Yogyakarta antara lain disebabkan penggunaan benih yang tidak bermutu, tidak tersedianya paket teknologi spesifik lokasi, lemahnya dukungan kelembagaan, dan skala usahatani yang kecil serta penyakit virus gemini. Potensi lahan pasir cukup luas ±3.300 ha terdapat di sepanjang pantai selatan Kabupaten Kulon Progo dan Bantul. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis kelayakan paket teknologi usahatani cabai merah varietas Kencana dan Helix spesifik lokasi pada lahan pasir pantai layak untuk dikembangkan. Pengkajian dilaksanakan di Desa Bugel II, Kecamatan Panjatan, Kabupaten Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta pada bulan Maret-Agustus 2015. Pengkajian menggunakan faktor tunggal dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (Rondomize Complete Block Design). Perlakuan berupa dua paket teknologi, yaitu teknologi inovasi Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian Yogyakarta dan cara petani diulang 20 kali dengan luas plot sesuai dengan luas kepemilikan lahan petani 500 m2. Analisis data dilakukan terhadap keragaan pertumbuhan, produksi, dengan menggunakan uji t, dan pendapatan usahatani dan sosial ekonomi dengan pendekatan B/C, R/C, MBCR dan statistik deskriptif. Hasil pengkajian menunjukkan bahwa respon petani koperator terhadap paket teknologi usahatani cabai merah dengan teknologi introduksi sebesar >80% sedangkan petani non koperator hanya 50%. Produksi cabai merah varietas Kencana dan Helix paket teknologi introduksi untuk setiap hektar mencapai 3,621 t dengan keuntungan bersih Rp20.976.500 atau R/C 1,15 dan MBCR 1,96; sedang varietas Helix mencapai 8,068 t/ha dengan keuntungan Rp120.666.500/ha atau R/C 2,26 dan MBCR 5,89. Sementara dengan menggunakan teknologi yang dilakukan oleh petani, produksi cabai merah varietas Helix hanya 4,842 t/ha dan varietas Kencana 1,475 t/ha dengan keuntungan bersih Rp37.248.500 dan Rp.41.447.500. Dengan tersedianya varietas unggul cabai merah dan paket tekologi introduksi maka cabai merah dapat dikembangkan pada lahan pasir, dalam implementasinya diperlukan pendampingan secara intensif.cabai merah, sistem usahatani, adopsi teknologi, lahan pasi
ANALISIS DAMPAK KINERJA KELOMPOKTANI TERHADAP PENDAPATAN USAHATANI PADI DI KABUPATEN MANOKWARI SELATAN PROVINSI PAPUA BARAT
Full text link ABSTRACT Impac Analysis of Farmer Groups Performance towards Farmers' Income of Rice Farming System in South Manokwari District, West Papua Province. The existence of farmers' groups has a strategic role to improve the productivity and income of farmers in West Papua; therefore, it is required to enhance their performances through several approaches including monitoring. This study aims to analyze the performance of farmer groups and to assess the income of rice farmers. The research was conducted in Oransbari District, South Manokwari Regency, West Papua Province, around June 2014. Data collection was done through interviews with a semi-structured questionnaire involving 40 farmers, which were selected using simple random sampling method. Data collected was analyzed with a quantitative descriptive analysis and a non-parametric statistical analysis. The study illustrated that the performance of farmers’ respondents are in the category of good. They are also close to the ideal organizational nature and supportive of local government. The result also showed that farmer organizations have a strong legality. Farmer cooperators provide a greater absolute income than non-cooperators where the difference is very significant according to statistical tests. However, the relationship between organizational performance farmers group and revenue is still weak. The reason could occur due to weakness of the implementation of technical and institutional innovations as well as the lack of monitoring system. It is suggested that the assistance program can be improved both in term of intensity and quality including the synergy of technical innovation and institutional. Keywords: farmer groups, organizational performance, rice farming, income ABSTRAK Keberadaan kelompok tani (poktan) memiliki peran strategis dalam upaya peningkatan produktivitas dan pendapatan petani di Papua Barat. Oleh karena itu perlu ditingkatkan kinerjanya melalui berbagai cara termasuk pendampingan. Pengkajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja kelompok tani dan menganalisis pendapatan usahatani padi petani yang dilakukan di Distrik Oransbari, Kabupaten Manokwari Selatan, Provinsi Papua Barat, pada Juni 2014. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan bantuan kuesioner semi terstruktur terhadap 40 orang petani yang terpilih secara acak sederhana. Data yang terkumpul di analisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif dan dipertajam dengan analisis statistik non parametrik. Hasil pengkajian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja poktan binaan termasuk dalam kategori baik, memiliki karakteristik yang mendekati sifat organisasi ideal, mendapat dukungan dari pemerintah setempat, serta memiliki legalitas yang kuat. Secara statistik usahatani padi petani kooperator berbeda nyata dengan usahatani petani padi non kooperator. Pendapatan absolut usahatani petani kooperator lebih tinggi dari non kooperator, sehingga layak untuk dikembangkan. Namun demikian, hubungan antara kinerja organisasi kelompoktani dengan pendapatan masih lemah, kontribusinya relatif rendah. Hal ini dapat disebabkan karena kurang sinergisnya sistem pendampingan pada saat implementasi inovasi teknis dan kelembagaan. Untuk itu disarankan agar program pendampingan perlu terus ditingkatkan, baik intensitas maupun kualitasnya, termasuk sinergitas implementasi inovasi teknis dan kelembagaan.Kata kunci: kelompok tani, kinerja organisasi, usahatani padi, pendapata
PENGARUH WAKTU PENUNDAAN DAN CARA PERONTOKAN TERHADAP HASIL DAN MUTU GABAH PADI LOKAL VARIETAS KARANG DUKUH DI KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Full text linkABSTRACT The Influence of Delaying Duration of Threshing and Threshing Methods on Grain Yield of Local Varieties of Rice “Karang Dukuh”. Problems related to harvest and postharvest in tidal land are usually related to the lack of technologies and labor for handling of threshing. It caused for delaying of threshing. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the delayed period and method of threshing on the yield losses, threshing, capacity, and grain quality of Karang Dukuh local rice varieties. The study was conducted in the Village of Anjir Muara Kota Tengah, Barito Kuala distric of South Kalimantan from July to December 2012. A randomized factorial experimental design with three replications was used. The main factor was threshing delayed period, while the second factor was threshing methods. The study showed that yield losses and threshing capacity were influenced by the interaction duration of delayed threshing and threshing methods. Threshing capacity and grain quality such as percentage of empty grain, percentage of foreign materials, and percentage of cracking grain were influenced by threshing methods. While the percentage of broken grain was influenced by delayed threshing. Interaction of manual threshing and 1 day threshing delay gave the lowest value of losses (0.21%). The highest yield resulting from the interaction of power thresher with 1 day delayed (61.17%). Threshing capacity was affected by the method of threshing. The average capacity of power thresher was 333.58 kg/h while the manual method was 69.04 kg/h. In general the quality of grain can be included in quality class II based on SNI standards. Keywords : Paddy, tidal land, postharvest, threshing, grain qualityABSTRAK Permasalahan utama dalam penanganan panen dan pascapanen padi di lahan pasang surut adalah ketersediaan tenaga kerja serta keterbatasan teknologi perontokan yang mengakibatkan terjadinya penundaan waktu perontokan. Tujuan kajian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh waktu penundaan perontokan dan cara perontokan terhadap susut perontokan, rendemen perontokan, kapasitas perontokan, serta mutu gabah kering giling (GKG) pada padi lokal varietas Karang Dukuh. Kajian dilakukan di Desa Anjir Muara Kota Tengah, Kabupaten Barito Kuala Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan dari bulan Juli – Desember 2012. Rancangan percobaan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak faktorial dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah waktu penundaan perontokan sedangkan faktor kedua adalah cara perontokan. Hasil pengkajian menunjukkan bahwa susut perontokan dan rendemen perontokan dipengaruhi oleh interaksi perlakuan penundaan perontokan dan cara perontokan. Kapasitas perontokan serta mutu gabah seperti persentase gabah hampa/kotoran, persentase benda asing, dan persentase keretakan gabah dipengaruhi oleh cara perontokan. Persentase butir kuning/rusak dipengaruhi oleh penundaan perontokan. Interaksi perontokan manual dan waktu penundaan 1 hari memberikan nilai susut paling rendah yaitu 0,21%. Rendemen perontokan tertinggi dihasilkan dari interaksi power thresher dengan penundaan 1 hari yaitu 61,17%. Kapasitas perontokan dipengaruhi oleh cara perontokan. Rata-rata kapasitas perontokan dengan power thresher sebesar 333,58 kg/jam, sedangkan perontokan manual 69,04 kg/jam. Secara umum mutu gabah yang dihasilkan tergolong kelas mutu dua berdasarkan standar mutu SNI. Kata kunci : Padi, pasang surut, pascapanen, perontokan, mutu gaba
PEMUPUKAN N, P, DAN K SPESIFIK LOKASI PADA TANAMAN JAGUNG
Full text linkABSTRACT Fertilizer Recommendation of N, P and K Site-Spesific Location for Maize Cropping in Gowa District, South Sulawesi. Agroecosystem of maize cropping areas in Indonesia is very varied. Site-specific fertilization can improve efficiency and productivity, increase farmer’s income and support sustainability of production system, environmental safety as well as saving energy resources. This research aimed to obtain fertilizer recommendation of N, P, and K for maize in specific location based on agro-ecosystem cropping areas. The research was carried out in Gowa district, South Sulawesi from March to September 2012. A survey method was used to collect data using questions in Nutrient Expert (NE) program forms. Average yield productivity of farmers’ field, yield potential or highest yield, physical and chemical properties of soil, crop management, fertilizers application at each maize cropping area were grouped and simulated using NE program to determine fertilizer dosage. Dosage obtained through NE simulation program then was used to analyze Marginal Rate of Return (MRR). Simulation results were feasible as recommended fertilizer if value of MRR >100%. Results of this research showed that site-specific fertilizer recommendation for maize in lowland of Gowa District were 190-210 kg N, 30-66 kg P2O5, and 33-55 kg K2O per hectare with MRR value at 180-479%, which could increase yield up to 3.3 t/ha; whilst on dryland,the dosage of N, P2O5 and K2O were 90-170 kg, 47-57 kg, 33-63 kg per hectare, respectively with MRR value 180-407%. It increased yield up to 2.7 t/ha. Although the fertilizer recommendations had a higher cost than existing fertilizer application at the farmers level, the gross revenue, income and RC ratio were higher than existing fertilizer application both in lowland and dryland. Recommended fertilizer dosages were able to decrease N fertilizer application in lowland up to 32.3 kg/ha, and on dryland 34.3 kg/ha. However, it also caused the increasing of P application by 35.7 kg and 36.4 kg K2O in lowland, whereas in dryland up to 31.5 kg P2O5/ha and 38.5 kg K2O. The recommendation of site specific fertilizer application is very useful and beneficial to increase maize productivity. Keywords: fertilization, site-specific, cornABSTRAKAgroekosistem pengembangan jagung di Indonesia sangat beragam. Pemupukan spesifik lokasi dapat meningkatkan efisiensi pemupukan, produktivitas, pendapatan petani, mendukung keberlanjutan sistem produksi, kelestarian lingkungan, dan penghematan sumberdaya energi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan rekomendasipemupukan N, P, dan K spesifik lokasi pada tanaman jagung berdasarkan agroekosistem lahan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Gowa, Sulawesi Selatan Maret sampai September 2012. Metode survei digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Data dikumpulkan berdasarkan pertanyaan pada isian program Nutrient Expert (NE). Data rata-rataproduktivitas yang diperoleh petani, potensi hasil atau hasil tertinggi yang pernah dicapai, sifat fisik dan kimia tanah,pengelolaan tanaman, pemupukan pada masing-masing sentra pertanaman jagung dikelompokkan dan disimulasikanmenggunakan program NE untuk menentukan takaran pupuk. Marginal Rate of Return (MRR) selanjutnya dianalisi