Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian
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EFEKTIVITAS PUPUK ORGANIK TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS TANAMAN KAKAO DI SULAWESI TENGGARA
Full text linkABSTRACTThe Effectiveness of Organic Fertilizers on Cocoa Productivity in Southeast Sulawesi. The study purposed to determine the effectiveness of the use of organic fertilizers on cocoa plants. The research was conducted in Andomesinggo Village, Besulutu Sub District, Konawe District, Southeast Sulawesi Province. The study used a randomized block design with 5 treatments and 6 replications. The treatments for each trees consisted of: 1) 300 ginorganic fertilizers (phonska) + 150 g urea; 2) 250 g organic fertilizer + 225 g phonska + 112.5 urea; 3) 500 g organic fertilizer + 150 g phonska + 75 g urea; 4) 750 g organic fertilizer + 75 g phonska + 37.5 g urea; and 5) 1.000 g organic fertilizers. Observations were made on (1) the generative growth, namely; interest bearing, valve, the amount of fruit, and (2) the results, which include the dry weight of seed and plant productivity. Results of the study showed that (a) organic fertilizers can be combined with inorganic fertilizers, (b) provision of 250 g organic fertilizer + 225 g phonska + 112.5 g of urea and 500 g organic fertilizer Phonska + 150 g + 75 g of urea or 25% -50% organic fertilizer was the best combination and (c) the use of organic fertilizer on cocoa crop to be economically viable with the B/C > 0 or R/C > 1. The use of organic fertilizer gave positive effects to increase cocoa productivity through grain weight cocoa, however the productivity effectiveness level depends on the balance with a dose of urea and Phonska.Keywords: effectiveness, organic fertilizer, cocoa, environmentABSTRAKPenelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas pupuk organik pada tanaman kakao. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Andomesinggo, Kecamatan Besulutu, Kabupaten Konawe, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 5 perlakuan dan 6 ulangan. Perlakuannya sebagai berikut;1) 300 g phonska pupuk anorganik + 150 g urea/pohon; 2) pupuk organik 250 g + 225 g phonska + 112,5 urea/pohon; 3) 500 g pupuk organik +150 g phonska+75 g urea/pohon; 4) 750 g pupuk organik + 75 g phonska + 37,5 g urea/pohon; dan 5) 1.000 g pupuk organik /pohon. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap (1) pertumbuhan generatif yaitu:bantalan bunga, pentil, jumlah buah, serta (2) hasil, yang meliputi bobot kering biji dan produktivitas tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hasil bahwa: (a) pupuk organik dapat dikombinasikan dengan pupuk anorganik, (b) pemberian 250 g pupuk organik + 225 g phonska + 112,5 g urea dan 500 g pupuk organik + 150 g phonska + 75 g urea atau 25%-50% pupuk organik merupakan kombinasi terbaik dan (c) penggunaan pupuk organik pada tanaman kakao secara ekonomi layak dengan B/C >0 atau R/C >1. Penggunaan pupuk organik berperan positif dapat meningkatkan produktivitas kakao melalui pengaruhnya pada pembentukan biji, namun tingkat efektivitasnya terhadap produktivitas tergantung pada keseimbangan dengan dosis pupuk phonska dan urea.Kata kunci: efektivitas, pupuk organik, kakao, lingkunga
ANALISIS EFISIENSI TEKNIS DAN FAKTOR PENENTU INEFISIENSI USAHA PENGGEMUKAN SAPI POTONG DI KABUPATEN GORONTALO
Full text linkTechnical Efficiency Analysis and The Determinants of Inefficiency Factors of Beef Cattle Fattening in Gorontalo District. Beef cattle farming in Gorontalo Province generally is managed by household farmers. However, smallholder cattle operations have several problems like low productivity, small bussiness scale and traditional management. The objectives of this study are to estimate level of technical efficiency of beef cattle production and to assess the effect of socio-economic factors on the technical efficiency. Thirty respondents in Tolangohula Sub district, Gorontalo District, Gorontalo Province were selected by accidental sampling method and analyzed using stochastic frontier production function. Results of the analysis showed that the beef cattle farming was feasible but the level of technical efficiency was low with an average efficiency index of 0.690. There were chances to increase in efficiency by 31%. Factors that affected the production of beef cattle were labors, forages and feeder cattleweight while the inefficiency was determined by the ownership status of the beef cattle and the intensity of the extension. Therefore, an access to resources such as technical training and access to an increased number of cattles through a capital increase needed to be developed.Keyword : beef cattle, technical efficiency, Gorontalo ABSTRAK Secara umum budidaya penggemukan sapi potong di Provinsi Gorontalo dikelola oleh peternak rakyat dengan ciri-ciri diantaranya produktivitas usaha rendah, skala usaha kecil dan pengelolaan tradisional. Usaha ini menjadi unggulan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan konsumsi daging sapi. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis tingkat efisiensi teknis dan faktor penentu inefisiensi usaha penggemukan sapi potong. Pengambilan data dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Tolangohula, Kabupaten Gorontalo pada bulan Oktober-November 2013. Penelitian menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh dari 30 peternak yang dipilih dengan metode accidental sampling. Data kemudian dianalisis menggunakan fungsi produksi stokhastic frontier. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa usaha penggemukan sapi potong layak diusahakan namun capaian efisiensi teknis usaha sapi potong masih rendah dengan nilai indeks efisiensi rata-rata sebesar 0,690. Faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi sapi potong yaitu tenaga kerja, pakan hijauan dan bobot bakalan. Sementara inefisiensi usahatani ditentukan oleh status kepemilikan sapi dan intensitas penyuluhan. Oleh karena itu, akses terhadap sumber informasi seperti pelatihan teknis dan akses terhadap peningkatan jumlah sapi melalui peningkatan modal perlu terus dikembangkan.Kata Kunci : efisiensi teknis, penggemukan sapi potong, faktor,faktor penentu inefisiensi,etan
PREFERENSI OLAHAN UBI JALAR UNGU DAN UBIKAYU DI KABUPATEN MADIUN PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR
Full text linkABSTRACTPreference of Processed Purple Sweet Potato and Cassava in Madiun District. ThroughSustainable Reserved Food Garden Model (SRFGM), women farmers group "Karya Mulya" was introduced to the technology of purple sweet potato and cassava processing, which have not been utilized optimally. This assessment aimed to determine the farmers’ acceptance of the introduced technologies, to know the most preferred product alongwith chemical and sensory quality and to know the ranking of product preferences with the influencing factors. This assessment was carried out in the Wonorejo village and Assessment Institute of Agricultural Technology (AIAT) East Java, using a randomized block design with 28 replicates. The treatments tested were purple sweet potato flour, purplesweet potato ice cream, purple sweet potato jams, purple sweet potato french fries, modified cassava flour, noodles, stick and brownies from modified cassava flour. Parameters observed were women farmer acceptance and preference of the processed technologies that have been introduced, the ranking of product preferences with the factors that influence and the nutrient composition. The assessment resulted that the farmers’ responses especially on the "easiness of processing" was 3.67-4.90; "easiness of obtaining raw materials" was from 3.38 to 4.95 (easy to very easy). The consumer preference value of the purple sweet potato products was on the range of 3.81 to 4.57 (like to very like). The rank of most preferred products were ice cream, french fries, jam and flour respectively. Ice cream had the highest preference containing of 64.93%; ash 2.15%; fat 2.20%; protein 2.94%; carbohydrate 27.78%; calories 142.70 cal/100 g and anthocyanins 0.23 mg/g. The panelist preference value of cassava products was between 4.05 and 4.524 (like to very like). For cassava product, the rank of the most favored products were brownies, noodles, stick and mocaf.Brownies encompassed the highest value with the water content of 30.11%; ash 1.78%; protein 5.88%; fat 19.20%;carbohydrates 43.02% and calories 368.43 cal/100 g. Factors that affecting adoption of technology are the simplicity of raw material (50%), easiness of process (44.44%), efficiency of labor (5.556%) and the simplicity of tool.Keywords: purple sweet potatoes, cassava, organoleptic testABSTRAKMelalui Kegiatan Model Kawasan Rumah Pangan Lestari (M-KRPL), kelompok wanita tani (KWT) “Karya Mulya” diperkenalkan teknologi olahan ubikayu dan ubi jalar ungu, yang selama ini pemanfaatannya belum optimal.Pengkajian bertujuan mengetahui penerimaan wanita tani terhadap teknologi yang diintroduksikan, mengetahui produk yang paling disukai beserta mutu kimia dan ensorisnya, serta mengetahui peringkat kesukaan produk dan faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Kegiatan dilaksanakan di Desa Wonorejo Kabupaten Madiun dan BPTP Jawa Timur, menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK), 28 kali ulangan. Perlakuan yang diujikan yaitu tepung ubi jalar ungu, es krim ubi jalar ungu, selai ubi jalar ungu, french fries ubijalar ungu, tepung ubikayu termodifikasi, mie, stick dan brownies dari tepung ubikayu termodifikasi. Parameter yang diamati yaitu penerimaan dan preferensi wanita tani terhadap teknologi yang diintroduksikan, peringkat kesukaan produk dan faktor yang mempengaruhinya, sertakomposisi nutrisi produk terpilih. Hasil pengkajian menunjukkan bahwa penilaian petani mengenai teknologi yang diintroduksikan terutama “kemudahan cara pengolahan”, “kemudahan memperoleh bahan baku” berturut-turut sebesar 3,67-4,90; dan 3,38-4,95 (mudah sampai sangat mudah). Tingkat kesukaan konsumen pada olahan ubi jalar ungusebesar 3,81-4,57 (suka sampai sangat suka). Urutan olahan ubi jalar ungu dari yang paling disukai yaitu es krim, french fries, selai, dan tepung ubi jalar ungu. Es krim menempati nilai kesukaan tertinggi, dengan nilai kadar air 64,93%; abu 2,15%; lemak 2,20%; protein 2,94%; karbohidrat 27,78%; kalori 142,70 kal/100 gr; dan antosianin 0,23mg/g. Tingkat kesukaan panelis terhadap olahan ubikayu sebesar 4,05 sampai 4,524 (suka sampai sangat suka).Peringkat kesukaan olahan ubikayu dari yang paling disukai yaitu brownies, mie, stick dan tepung ubikayu termodifikasi. Brownies menempati nilai kesukaan tertinggi dengan nilai kadar air 30,11%; abu 1,78%; protein 5,88%; lemak 19,20%; karbohidrat 43,02% dan kalori 368,43 kal/100 gr. Faktor yang mempengaruhi adopsi teknologi yaitu kesederhanaan bahan (50%), kemudahan proses (44,44%), efisiensi tenaga kerja (5,556%) dan kesederhanaan alat.Kata kunci: ubijalar ungu, ubikayu, uji organolepti
KAJIAN CARA TANAM JEJER MANTEN DAN PUPUK HAYATI PADA USAHATANI PADI SAWAH DI KABUPATEN PESAWARAN PROVINSI LAMPUNG
Full text linkABSTRACT Assessment of "Jejer Manten" Planting Technique and Biofertilizer on Rice Farming in Pasawaran District, Lampung Province. One of the efforts to increase productivity is the application of a good planting technique and biofertilizers. Assessment of rice planting techniques and the application of a biological fertilizer was conducted at Sukadadi village, Gedong Tataan district, Pesawaran Regency, Lampung Province, from May to September 2014. Size of each plot was 400 m2 with total area of 1 ha. The objective was to obtain an effective planting techtique and biological fertilizer to increase rice productivity and farmers income on rice farming. The treatments consisted of three factors i.e: planting techniques (S1 = “jajar tegel”, S2 = “jajar legowo” 2:1, and S3 = “jejer manten”) and dosage of biological fertilizers (D1 = 200 kg Urea + 300 kg NPK Phonska; D2 = 100 kg Urea + 150 kg NPK Phonska + 40 kg biological fertilizer; D3 = 200 kg Urea + 300 kg NPK Phonska + 40 kg biological fertilizer). Inpari 10 was used as the variety of rice. The experiment was arranged on the split plot design with three replications. The results showed that plant height and number of tillers produced by “jejer manten” planting technique were high, while length of panicle, number of grains/panicle, hollow of grain, and weight of 1.000 grains were not significantly different for all planting techniques. Rice productivity was not significantly affected by application of the biological fertilizer. Innovation of “jejer manten” planting techniques produced a higher productivity and farmers' income than “jajar tegel” and “jajar legowo” row 2:1 planting techniques. To increase rice productivity, “jejer manten” planting technique is potential to be applied and it does not require an extra cost for planting. Keyword :rice, “jejer manten”, “jajar tegel”, “jajar legowo” 2:1, biological fertilizer ABSTRAK alah satu upaya peningkatan produktivitas adalah dengan rekayasa cara tanam dan penggunaan pupuk hayati. Penerapan cara tanam jejer manten dan pupuk hayati pada tanaman padi sawah telah dilakukan di Desa Sukadadi, Kecamatan Gedong Tataan, Kabupaten Pesawaran mulai bulan Mei sampai September 2014. Luas masing-masing petakan adalah 400 m2 dengan total areal 1 ha. Kegiatan ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh penerapan cara tanam jejer manten dan pupuk hayati terhadap peningkatan produktivitas dan pendapatan usahatani padi sawah. Perlakuan terdiri atas tiga faktor yaitu cara tanam (S1 = jajar tegel, S2= jajar legowo 2:1, dan S3= jejer manten) dan dosis pupuk hayati (D1 = 200 kg Urea + 300 kg NPK Phonska; D2 = 100 kg Urea + 150 kg NPK Phonska + 40 kg pupuk hayati; D3 = 200 kg Urea + 300 kg NPK Phonska + 40 kg pupuk hayati). Varietas padi yang digunakan adalah Inpari 10. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan petak terpisah dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa tinggi tanaman dan jumlah anakan tertinggi dihasilkan oleh perlakuan cara tanam jejer manten, sedangkan panjang malai, jumlah bulir/malai, gabah hampa, dan berat 1000 butir tidak berbeda nyata untuk semua perlakuan cara tanam. Pemberian pupuk hayati tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap peningkatan produktivitas padi sawah. Inovasi teknologi cara tanam jejer manten menghasilkan produktivitas dan pendapatan petani yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan jajar tegel dan jajar legowo 2:1. Untuk meningkatkan produktivitas padi, teknik tanam jejer manten memiliki potensi untuk digunakan karena mudah diterapkan dan tanpa tambahan biaya tanam.Kata Kunci padi, jejer manten, jajar tegel, jajar legowo 2:1, pupuk hayat
PENGEMBANGAN TEKNOLOGI PANEN HUJAN DAN ALIRAN PERMUKAAN: ANALISIS USAHATANI PEMANFAATAN SUMBERDAYA AIR
Full text linkABSTRACTDevelopment of Rainfall and Runoff Harvesting Technology: Farming System Analysis ofWater Resources Utilization. Application of rainfall and runoff harvesting in dry land could be increasing the availability of water resources, extending the growing season, and reducing the risk of loss yield. To create a sustainable water management, farmers participation were needed in its management. The objectives of the researchwere to study the impact of rainfall and runoff harvesting technology applications (channel reservoir) on farming system and to study the farmers perception on the existence of channel reservoir.The study was conducted in Limampoccoe village, Cenranae subdistrict, Maros distrisct, South Sulawesi province, from February to October 2012. The research was conducted by several steps namely: 1) the application of rainfall and runoff harvestingtechnology through channel reservoir, 2) analysis of the farming system and assessment of the farmer perception on the existence of channel reservoir. Result of the research showed that rainfall and runoff harvesting technology have been increasing the cropping intensity by changing the previous cropping pattern from rice-fallow-fallow into ricepeanuts-fallow and rice-watermelon-fallow. There was an increase in farmers' income after channel reservoir built and the farmers will be taken the responsibility to maintain the continuity of the channel reservoirs function.Keywords: rainfall and runoff harvesting, cropping intensity, farmers’ incomeABSTRAKAplikasi teknologi panen hujan dan aliran permukaan di lahan kering dapat meningkatkan ketersediaan air, memperpanjang masa tanam, dan menekan risiko kehilangan hasil. Untuk menciptakan pengelolaan air berkelanjutan harus didukung peran serta masyarakat/petani dalam pengelolaannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari dampak aplikasi teknologi panen hujan (dam parit) terhadap usahatani dan melihat persepsi masyarakat terhadap keberadaan dam parit. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Limampoccoe, Kecamatan Cenranae, Kabupaten Maros, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan, pada bulan Pebruari sampai Oktober 2012. Kegiatan dilaksanakan melalui: 1) aplikasi pembangunan teknologi panen hujan dan aliran permukaan melalui dam parit, 2) analisis usahatani dan penilaianpersepsi masyarakat terhadap keberadaan dam parit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknologi panen hujan dan aliran permukaan dapat meningkatkan intensitas tanam dari pola tanam padi-bera-bera menjadi padi-kacang tanahbera dan padi-semangka-bera, dengan demikian terdapat peningkatan pendapatan usahatani setelah pembangunan damparit. Petani merasakan manfaat dam parit dan merasa bertanggung jawab dalam menjaga kelangsungan fungsi dam parit.Kata kunci: teknologi panen hujan, aliran permukaan, indeks pertanaman, pendapatan usahatan
MOBILISASI ALSINTAN BERDASARKAN KALENDER TANAM PADA BUDIDAYA PADI DI KABUPATEN GROBOGAN, JAWA TENGAH
Full text linkABSTRACTMobilization of Agricultural Machines Based on Crop Calender for Rice Cultivation in Grobogan District, Central Java. Agricultural machines for rice production in Central Java especially Grobogan District are already intensively developed, but their utilization is still low. Optimalization use of those agricultural machines is needed to improve their performances. This research aimed: (i) To arrange mobilization concept of agriculturalmachines in order to optimize their use for rice cultivation in Grobogan District, and (ii) To analyze the deficit and working capacity of those agricultural machines after optimalization use through their mobilization. This research was focused on hand tractors and power threshers only, and was conducted in Grobogan District, in 2013. Data on lowland area and population of hand tractor and power thresher were collected from agricultural office of Grobogan District and its Sub-districts, meanwhile data dealing with agricultural machine’s performances were collected through interview with agricultural machines owner and UPJA using well structured questioners. The collected data were arranged in the form of table and map, and then analyzed using requirement and mobilization analyses. The results showed that through mobilization scenario of 20% available agricultural machines among sub-district with four different planting times in Grobogan District could improve the machine’s performance and could reduce their deficit. By mobilizing those agricultural machines for rice cultivation in Grobogan District, their deficit could be reduced up to >50%, meanwhile, working capacity of those machines could be increased from < 30 ha/year/unit before mobilization become 35,5 ha/year/unit after mobilization.Keywords: optimalization, mobilization, agricultural machines, crop calendar, rice ABSTRAKAlsintan untuk budidaya padi di Jawa Tengah khususnya di Kabupaten Grobogan sudah berkembang namun pemanfaatannya masih rendah. Mobilisasi alsintan antar wilayah berdasarkan kalender tanam diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pemanfaatannya yang sekaligus meningkatkan kinerjanya. Tujuan kajian ini adalah: (1) Menyusun konsep mobilisasi alsintan berdasarkan kalender tanam untuk optimalisasi pemanfaatannya pada budidaya padi di Kabupaten Grobogan, dan (2) Menganalisis kekurangan dan kapasitas kerja alsintan setelah dilakukan mobilisasi.Kajian ini difokuskan kepada traktor tangan dan perontok padi di Kabupaten Grobogan pada tahun 2013. Data luas lahan sawah serta penyebaran traktor tangan dan perontok padi diperoleh dari kantor Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Kabupaten dan Kecamatan, sedangkan data primer kinerja alsintan dan jasa sewanya diperoleh melalui wawancara kepada pemilik alsintan dan UPJA di tiga kecamatan yang banyak alsintannya masing-masing tiga responden menggunakan daftar pertanyaan terstruktur. Data yang diperoleh disusun dalam bentuk tabel dan peta, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan Analisis Kebutuhan Alsintan serta Analisis Mobilisasi Alsintan dan Analisis Kapasitas Kerja Alsintan. Konsep mobilisasi alsintan disusun berdasarkan perbedaan jadwal tanam menurut kalender tanam antar kecamatan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa melalui skenario mobilisasi 20% alsintan yang ada antar kecamatan dengan 4 jadwal tanam padi berbeda di kabupaten Grobogan dapat meningkatkan pemanfaatan dan kinerja alsintan serta menekan kekurangan alsintannya. Dengan skenario mobilisasi alsintan tersebut, kekurangan traktor tangan dan perontok padi di Kabupaten Grobogan dapat ditekan sampai > 50%, sedangkan kapasitas kerja alsintannya dapat ditingkatkan dari awalnya < 30 ha/tahun/unit menjadi 35,5 ha/tahun/unit setelah mobilisasi.Kata kunci: optimalisasi, mobilisasi, alsintan, kalender tanam, pad
KELAYAKAN USAHATANI INTEGRASI SORGUM DAN SAPI PADA LAHAN KERING DI JAWA BARAT
Full text linkABSTRACT Feasibility Study on Integration of Sorghum Farming and Cattle on Dry Land in West Java. West Java has vast potential semi arid land but it has not been utilized optimally. One effort to optimize a land was by integrating crop and livestock. The assessment was carried out at Cimerak subdistrict, Pangandaran district, West Java Province in the period of 2013-2014. Assessment was conducted, using adaptive approach to the integration of sorghum and cattle. The introduced technology consists of sorghum varieties Numbu; terracing and planting grass on the border of the terraces; manure and dolomite; fertilization of urea, SP36, and KCl; settled cage systems; and sorghum wastes and concentrates (coconut cake, rice bran) as feed. The observed parameters consisted of: (1) the technical aspects of sorghum farming those were the growth components (plant height, nodes number, and stover weight); yield components (panicle length and dry seed weight per panicle); and productivity (stored dry grains), (2) the technical aspects of the cattle business those were the initial weight of cattle (kg) and the 2 months-weight of cattle (kg), and (3) the financial aspects those were the utilization of production facilities, the labor utilization, the price of sorghum grains and the beef price. The data analysis to determine the technical feasibility of sorghum and cattle farming used statistics inductive (t-test). Furthermore, the feasibility of economic asepect used the financial analysis including fariming income, Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), and Marginal Benefit Cost Ratio (MBCR). The results of the assessment showed that the application of the introduced technology components on an integration of sorghum crop and cattle farming was able to increase productivity of sorghum by 21.46% and increased cattle’s bodyweight gain by 26.67%. This particular farming model showed feasible value of marginal benefit cost ratio (MBCR) by 2.025.Key words: farming, integration, sorghum, cow, dry landABSTRAK Jawa Barat memiliki potensi lahan kering yang relatif luas namun pemanfaatannya belum optimal. Salah satu upaya optimalisasi lahan kering tersebut yaitu dengan mengembangkan integrasi tanaman–ternak. Tujuan pengkajian adalah untuk menganalisis kelayakan usahatani integrasi sorgum dan sapi pada lahan kering. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Cimerak, Kabupaten Pangandaran, Provinsi Jawa Barat pada periode 2013-2014. Pengkajian menggunakan pendekatan adaptif integrasi sorgum dan sapi. Teknologi yang diintroduksikan terdiri dari sorgum varietas Numbu; terasering dan penanaman rumput di bibir teras; pupuk kandang dan dolomite; pemberian pupuk urea, SP36, dan KCl; sistem kandang koloni; dan pemberian pakan limbah sorgum serta konsentrat (bungkil kelapa dan dedak). Parameter yang diamati terdiri atas: (1) aspek teknis usahatani sorgum, yaitu komponen pertumbuhan (tinggi tanaman, jumlah buku, dan berat berangkasan); komponen komponen hasil (panjang malai dan berat biji kering per malai); dan produktivitas (kering simpan), (2) aspek teknis usaha ternak sapi, yaitu bobot awal sapi (kg) dan bobot sapi setelah berumur 2 bulan (kg), dan (3) aspek finansial, yaitu: penggunaan sarana produksi, curahan tenaga kerja, harga biji sorgum, dan harga daging sapi. Analisis data untuk mengetahui kelayakan teknis usahatani sorgum dan ternak sapi menggunakan statistik induktif (Uji-t). Sementara itu, kelayakan secara ekonomi dilakukan dengan analisis finansial, yaitu pendapatan usahatani, Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), dan Marginal Benefit Cost Ratio (MBCR). Hasil pengkajian menunjukkan bahwa secara teknis penerapan komponen teknologi pada usahatani tanaman sorgum dan usaha ternak sapi masing-masing mampu meningkatkan produktivitas sorgum 21,46% dan meningkatkan pertambahan bobot badan sapi 26,67%. Model usahatani integrasi tanaman sorgum dan ternak sapi menunjukkan nilai marginal benefit cost ratio (MBCR) 2,025.Kata kunci: usahatani, integrasi, sorgum, sapi, lahan kerin
ANALISIS KELAYAKAN FINANSIAL USAHA PENANGKARAN BENIH PADI DI KABUPATEN KONAWE SULAWESI TENGGGARA
Full text linkABSTRACT Feasibility Analysis of Rice Seed Production in Konawe District, South East Sulawesi. The objective was to determine the feasibility and sensitivity of rice seed production towards producing rice for consumption. This assessment was conducted in the Waworoda Jaya village, Tongauna subdistrict, Konawe District in June-September 2015. The study used 20 hectares of arable land involving 10 farmers, where each farmer planted 1 ha for the production of certified seed and 1 ha for the production of grain consumption. The introduced varieties are Inpari 6, Inpari 7, Inpari 15, also used Mekongga as a comparison. The plantation applied “Jajar Legowo” row planting system (2 : 1), while the type and dose of fertilizer used was 150 kg Urea, SP 36 100 kg and 250 kg NPK per hectare. The results showed that rice seed production business was profitable and feasible to be developed by R/C roughly 2.92 and MBCR around 3.66 compared to the production of grain for consumption with R/C about 2.66. To achieve the Provincial Minimum Wage (UMP) in South East Sulawesi in 2015, the minimum cultivation area for business should be 0.33 hectares. Rice seed production was not sensitive to any changes in prices and a decline in production, despite a decline 15% in production and increase 15% in input prices. Hence, the seed production needs to be developed to support self-sufficiency on seed for one village. Keywords: feasibilty, seed production, sensitivity ABSTRAKTujuan yang ingin dicapai adalah untuk mengetahui kelayakan finansial dan sensitivitas usaha penangkaran benih padi terhadap usaha produksi gabah konsumsi. Pengkajian dilakukan di Desa Waworoda Jaya, Kecamatan Tongauna, Kabupaten Konawe pada bulan Juni-September tahun 2015. Pengkajian menggunakan lahan seluas 20 hektar dengan melibatkan 10 orang petani. Jenis varietas yang diintroduksi adalah Inpari 6, Inpari 7, Inpari 15 dan Mekongga sebagai pembanding. Penanaman dilakukan dengan cara tanam legowo (2:1), sedangkan jenis dan dosis pupuk yang digunakan yaitu Urea 150 kg, SP36 100 kg dan NPK 250 kg per hektar. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa usaha produksi benih padi menguntungkan dan layak untuk dikembangkan dengan nilai R/C 2,92 dan nilai Marginal Benefit Cost Ratio (MBCR) 3,66 jika dibandingkan dengan produksi gabah untuk konsumsi dengan nilai R/C 2,66. Untuk mencapai Upah Minimun Provinsi (UMP) Sulawesi Tenggara tahun 2015, maka usaha penangkaran benih yang harus diusahakan adalah minmal seluas 0,33 hektar. Usaha penangkaran benih padi tidak sensitif terhadap perubahan harga dan penurunan produksi, walaupun terjadi penurunan produksi 15% dan kenaikan harga input 15%, sehingga penangkaran benih perlu dikembangkan untuk mendukung desa mandiri benih. Kata kunci: kelayakan, produksi benih, sensitivita
DAMPAK SEKOLAH LAPANG PENGELOLAAN TANAMAN TERPADU TERHADAP ADOPSI TEKNOLOGI, PRODUKTIVITAS DAN PENDAPATAN USAHATANI PADI
Full text linkABSTRACTImpact of Farmer Field School - Integrated Crop Management (FFS-ICM) to the Level Adoption, Productivity and Income of Farmers. Impact study of Farmer Field School - Integrated Crop Management (FFS-ICM) to the level adoption, productivity and income of farmers has been done during 2012 in three districts, namely Subang (West Java), Madiun (East Java), and East Ogan Komering Ulu (OKU) in South Sumatra. This study aims to analyze level of PTT technology adoption, and the impact of SL-PTT to the productivity and income of farmers. The method of analysis used is a comparative analysis of two independent samples using T test statistics, partial budget analysis, and farm cost efficiency. The findings showed that SL-PTT activity resulted in increased rice productivity of 0.40 - 0.60 t/ha or (7.1 - 9.4)% for inbred rice and 0.4 - 1.1 t/ha or (8.0 - 15.7)% for hybrid rice. Based on statistical tests, seed inputs support system (BLBU) in the FFS-ICM activity was not statistically significant effect on increasing rice productivity inbred but significantly increased productivity of hybrid rice. Increasing farmers income by FFS-ICM ranges Rp (0.90 to 1.775) million/ha for inbred rice, and Rp2.04 million/ha for hybrid rice. Package of technology alternative has been widely adopted by farmers, but the basic technology package, especially fertilizer as plant needed, optimum population and pest control systems using IPM approach have not been fully implemented by farmers. Opportunity to increase rice production can be reached through development of VUB, hybrid rice, and direct seeded rice. Threat that must be anticipated is centralized policies and poor coordination of relevant agencies, and the limited extension. Indicatif program that needs to be done next are: a) Developing cooperative inputs / capital access assistance, b) Evaluating the feasibility of the technology, c) Increasing the number of trainers and quality education materials, and d).Functioning of local seed producer. Key words: SL-PTT, impact productivity, income and irrigated lowland rice ABSTRAK Kajian dampak Sekolah Lapang Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu (SL-PTT) terhadap tingkat adopsi, produktivitas dan pendapatan usahatani padi dilakukan tahun 2012 di tiga kabupaten yaitu Subang (Jawa Barat), Madiun (Jawa Timur), dan Ogan Komering Ulu (OKU) Timur di Sumatera Selatan. Kajian bertujuan menganalisis tingkat adopsi teknologi PTT, dan dampak kegiatan SL-PTT terhadap peningkatan produktivitas dan pendapatan petani. Metode analisis yang dipakai adalah analisis komparatif dua sampel bebas menggunakan uji T statistik, analisis biaya dan pendapatan usahatani, dan efisiensi usahatani. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan SL-PTT berdampak terhadap peningkatan produktivitas padi sebesar 0,40 – 0,60 t/ha atau (7,1 – 9,4)% untuk padi inbrida dan 0,4 s/d 1,1 t/ha atau (8,0 - 15,7)% untuk padi hibrida. Berdasarkan uji statistik sistem bantuan saprodi dan benih (BLBU) dalam kegiatan SL-PTT tidak nyata terhadap peningkatan produktivitas padi inbrida tetapi nyata meningkatkan produktivitas padi hibrida. Peningkatan pendapatan petani dengan SL-PTT berkisar Rp (0,90 – 1,775) juta/ha untuk padi inbrida, dan Rp2,04 juta/ha untuk padi hibrida. Paket teknologi pilihan sudah banyak diadopsi petani, tetapi paket teknologi dasar terutama pemupukan sesuai kebutuhan, populasi optimum dan pengendalian OPT sistem PHT belum sepenuhnya diterapkan petani. Peluang peningkatan produktivitas padi dapat melalui pengembangan VUB, padi hibrida dan sistem tanam benih langsung. Ancaman yang harus diantisipasi adalah kebijakan sentralistik dan buruknya koordinasi instansi terkait, dan terbatasnya penyuluh pendamping. Program indikatif yang perlu dilakukan kedepan adalah: a) Mengembangkan koperasi saprodi dan akses modal, b) Evaluasi kelayakan teknologi, c) Meningkatkan jumlah penyuluh dan mutu materi penyuluhan, dan d) Memfungsikan penangkar benih lokal. Kata kunci: SL-PTT, dampak adopsi teknologi, produktivitas, pendapatan,.padi sawah irigasi
RESPON VARIETAS JAGUNG TERHADAP PUPUK NITROGEN DI LAHAN SAWAH DAN LAHAN KERING
Full text linkABSTRACT Responses of Maize Variety towards Nitrogen in Irrigated Lowland and Upland. Nitrogen is a very important nutrient for growth and yield of maize, while its availability in the soil is not sufficient for the crops. The experiment to evaluate the response of maize cultivars to nitrogen was carried out in lowland irrigated and upland soil in Bantaeng District, South Sulawesi, from May to December 2009. Experiments were arranged in factorial randomized block design with two factors and three replications. Factor I were nine maize ciltivars, and factor II were two levels of nitrogen fertilizer. The results showed that cob yields, 1000-seed weights, and height of cob were affected significantly by site x variety x nitrogen fertilizer interaction. Therefore, to obtain the optimum performance of the characters, the specific combination of treatments was needed. The response pattern of maize cultivars to nitrogen was not similar in lowland irrigated compared to upland soil. Cultivar “Local B Kuning” and “X01904” showed the higher positive response in lowland irrigated, while cultivar “X02804” had the smallest negative response in upland soil. Based on cob yield, cultivar Bima-1 and “X01904” could be suggested to develop in lowland irrigated, while Bima 1, X02904, and X03604 were better for upland soil conditions. Keywords: Maize, nitrogen, lowland irrigated, uplandABSTRAK Hara nitrogen merupakan hara makro yang penting bagi pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung, sementara itu ketersediaan di dalam tanah tidak cukup bagi tanaman. Kajian untuk mengetahui respon sembilan varietas jagung terhadap peningkatan dosis pupuk nitrogen telah dilakukan di lahan sawah dan lahan kering Kabupaten Bantaeng, Sulawesi Selatan pada bulan Mei-Desember 2009. Percobaan ditata dalam rancangan acak kelompok pola faktorial dua faktor dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor I adalah sembilan varietas jagung dan faktor II dua dosis pupuk Nitrogen (200 dan 400 kg N/ha). Ukuran petak 3 m x 5 m, jarak tanam 75 cm x 20 cm, 2 biji/lubang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bobot tongkol, bobot 1000 biji dan tinggi letak tongkol jagung dipengaruhi oleh interaksi tiga faktor (lokasi x varietas x pupuk), sehingga untuk mendapatkan keragaan yang optimal untuk karakter tersebut membutuhkan kombinasi perlakuan lokasi, varietas dan pupuk N tertentu (spesifik lokasi). Pola respon varietas jagung terhadap pupuk N di lahan sawah berbeda dengan pola respon varietas terhadap pupuk N di lahan kering, di mana respon positif varietas terhadap pupuk N ditemukan di lahan sawah, tetapi respon negatif terdapat di lahan kering. Respon positif terbaik terhadap pupuk N di lahan sawah terdapat pada varietas Lokal B kuning dan X01904, sementara respon negative terkecil di lahan kering terdapat pada varietas X02804. Berdasarkan bobot tongkol, varietas Bima 1 dan X01904 layak dikembangkan di lahan sawah Kabupaten Bantaeng, dan varietas Bima 1, X02904, dan X03604 cukup prospektif untuk lahan kering Kabupaten Bantaeng, Sulawesi Selatan. Kata kunci: Jagung, pupuk nitrogen, lahan sawah, lahan kerin