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Application of Partial Least Square to Assess the Impact of Collaboration Networks on Innovation from MSEs’ Soybean Processing
Full text linkStructural Equation Model (SEM) alternative method Partial Least Square (PLS) is an analysis tools are usually used to develop a causality model of linear-predictive relation between a collaboration network as the latent exogenous variables (Xi), and the innovation and performance as the latent endogenous variables (Yi ) which has non-parametric with theoretically less supported. This paper aims to discuss the use of PLS on the indirect effects of on the performance of SMEs collaboration networks to soybean processing MSEs’ performance mediated by the level of innovation. This survey is an empirical study conducted in several clusters processing industry center and tofu in 4 regions namely Sumedang District, Tegal regency, West Jakarta and South Jakarta. Selection of research using purposive sampling location is the tofu and tempeh clustered. Based on the analysis, obtained a description that use the PLS on the effect on the performance of SMEs cooperation networks soybean processing mediated by the level of innovation demonstrated relatively good results. Therefore, the application of the model could be widely applied to the various innovation adopting process, especially on the collaboration with external parties in the food and agriculture based industry
The Error Performances of Some Residual Optimization Methods
Full text linkA good statistic is unbiased and efficient. Because the encountered data in practice is a sample data with a certain size, the required statistic is not unbiased statistic, but statistic that has small error. When the encountered data is only a sample data, then that can be done is not error optimization but is residual optimization. This study aims to examine the error performance of three methods of residual optimization, they are by minimizing the maximum of absolute residual (MLAD), by minimizing the sum of absolute residual (LAD), and by minimizing the sum of squared residual (LS). Research results using simulation experiments showed that if the data have uniform distribution, the residual optimization method by minimizing maximum of absolute residual get the smallest error. Meanwhile, residual optimization method by minimizing the sum of squared residual get the smallest error when the data have normal or exponential distribution. This property is true when statistics to be estimated are measure of central tendency, regression coefficients, and the response of regression
PENENTUAN KEBUTUHAN NITROGEN TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L.) PADA BERBAGAI JARAK TANAM DALAM TUMPANGSARI DENGAN KACANG TANAH (Arachis hypogeae L.) DI LAHAN KERING MALUKU TENGAH
Full text linkMost people in Maluku Islands have long used non-rice food consumption, especially tuber crops and maize. The development of diversification of non-rice food consumption certainly needs to be supported by the availability of adaptive crop cultivation technology to climate change. Cropping pattern is one of the appropriate steps for smallholder farmer to increase land productivity. An experiment of maize/peanut intercropping pattern had been conducted to determine optimum Nitrogen (N) rate for maize at different planting spacings in intercropping pattern with peanut in dryland of Makariki Village, Central Maluku. The experiments were arranged in a Split Plot Design with 3 (three) replicates. The main plot was maize spacing, namely: (i) J1 = 80 x 25 cm, 6 rows of maize, 2 rows of peanut, (ii) J2 = 160 x 25 cm, 3 rows of maize, 4 rows of peanut, and (iii) J3 = 240 x 25 cm, 2 rows of maize, 6 rows of peanut. The sub-plot was N rate (kg/ha), namely: (i) N0 = 0-0-0, (ii) N1 = 45-50-60, (iii) N2 = 90-50-60, (iv) N3 = 135-50-60, and (v) N4 = 180-50-60. The results showed that plant height, cob circle and yield of maize grown at different planting spacings in intercropping patterns in Makariki, Central Maluku affected by N fertilizer application. The application of N fertilizer increased growth and yield of maize by following a quadratic pattern. The use of maize spacing of J1 (80 x 25 cm) in intercropping with peanut requires the addition of the optimum N rate of 302 kg urea/ha, which gave the highest maize yield (t/ha) compared with other planting spacings
PENGELOMPOKAN PLASMA NUTFAH RAMBUTAN BERDASARKAN KARAKTER MORFOLOGI
Full text linkRambutan is a fruit native to Indonesia, which has a high diversity. Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute has a rambutan germplasm collection. The objectives of the research were to identify and classify rambutan germplasm accessions based on morphological characteristics, in order to identify the specific characteristics important for the development of future varieties of rambutan. Collecting data on the 32 accession was conducted in Aripan Experimental Field, Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute from September 2014 to February 2015. Characterization of morphology characters referred to as the Descriptor for Rambutan was published by IPGRI. Cluster analysis based on morphological characteristics successfully separated the accession of rambutan R7 and R11 with 30 other rambutan accessions with the dissimilarity coefficient of 45%. Accession R4 was similar to Sitangkue, R14 was similar to Korong Gadang, and R15 was similar to Sinyonya. Characteristics that can be used to distinguish each of the accession of rambutan were the width of seed, seed thickness, total soluble solids (TSS), fruit diameter, spintern texture and the spintern color. Accession R15 can be developed as a commercial variety, because it has a high yield, and shelf life associated with high fruit weight characteristics and thick rind
PREFERENSI RESPONDEN TERHADAP KERAGAAN TANAMAN DAN KUALITAS PRODUK BEBERAPA VARIETAS UNGGUL BARU PADI
Full text linkINDONESIA Varietas unggul baru merupakan salah satu teknologi utama dalam penerapan PTT yang paling dominan digunakan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas padi serta paling cepat diadopsi oleh petani. Beberapa upaya dalam program diseminasi telah dilakukan oleh BPTP untuk memperkenalkan varietas unggul baru secara langsung kepada responden (petani dan penyuluh) sehingga dapat mengetahui kualitas dari varietas yang baru dikenal. Preferensi responden terhadap VUB sangat penting diketahui sehingga BUMN/UPBS produsen benih VUB dapat menentukan target produksi benih yang akan diperbanyak dan disebarkan kepada petani. Pengkajian bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kesukaan responden terhadap keragaan tanaman, gabah, beras, dan nasi beberapa varietas padi sawah yang sedang dikembangkan Litbang. Pengkajian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret-Oktober 2012 di Kabupaten Karawang – Jawa Barat. Responden yang terlibat sebanyak 50 orang yang terdiri dari kepala BP3K dan ketua KTNA se Kabupaten Karawang. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survey dengan alat kuisioner. Media dan materi yang dijadikan bahan studi display VUB pada gelar teknologi BPTP, gabah padi VUB yang sudah dibersihkan, dan nasi dari masing-masing varietas sebanyak 5 VUB (Inpari 13, 14, 15, 20, sidenuk) dan Ciherang Jumbo sebagai kontrol. Hasil pengkajian menunjukan bahwa keragaan tanaman yang banyak disukai oleh responden adalah Inpari 14. Inpari 20 paling banyak disukai untuk karakter bentuk gabah, Inpari 15 untuk karakter warna gabah, dan Ciherang untuk karakter ukuran gabah dan ukuran beras. Responden menyukai semua kualitas nasi dari semua varietas yang diujikan. Pemilihan varietas yang memiliki bentuk beras yang disukai responden dapat ditentukan berdasarkan bentuk gabah yang disukainya. Sedangkan pemilihan varietas berdasarkan karakter nasi tidak dapat diduga oleh penilaian karakter yang ada pada gabah maupun beras.INGGRIS
Effects of Interaction between New Rice Varieties and Plant Spacing to Productivity of Rice
Full text linkThe most effective method to increase rice productivity in one location is to adapt the best combination between the high yielding rice variety and the optimum plant spacing. The objectives of this experiment to observe plant growth characteristic of each high yielding rice variety under each plant spacing to increase rice productivity. Field experiment was conducted at Toroh Regency, Grobogan District, Central Java during 2014 dry season. Treatments were arranged according to a split plot design, with three replications. The main plots (Plant spacings), namely T1- Equal spacing/Tegel 25 cm x 25 cm; T2- Legowo 2:1 (25---50) cm x 12,5 cm; T3- legowo 4:1 empty (25 – 50) cm x 12,5 cm dan T4- legowo 4:1 full (25 – 50) cm x 12,5 cm. The sub plots (variety): Ciherang, Inpari 10, Inpari 15 and Inpari 16.The yields of the rice varieties in this experiment are highly significantly different. It was found one introduced variety produced higher yield than Ciherang, namely Inpari 16 (5.93 + 0.43 ton 14% dry grain/ha). The two other introduced varieties (Inpari 10 and Inpari 15), produced 5.03 + 0.19 and 5.00 + 0.22 ton 14% dry grain/ha, the same or slightly lower than Ciherang. The highest yield occurred when Inpari 16 planted using Legowo 4 : 1 empty, namely 6.57 ton 14% dry grain/ha, consistently produces higher yield than the other varieties do at each plant spacing treatment. Rice yields of Ciherang were relatively more stable under different plant spacings compared with the other varieties. Inpari 10 at harvest stage having 19 tillers per hill under equal spacing 25 cm x 25 cm, decreased to 12 tillers per hill under Legowo 4 : 1 full. Ciherang with the medium size of grains have 1000 grain weight of 23.9 gram, and Inpari 10 25.3 gram. Based on the results of this experiment it is concluded that Inpari 16 planted under Jajar Legowo 4 : 1 empty (25 – 50) cm x 12.5 cm is the best. However, it is suggested to be evaluated acceptability by the local farmers
ANALISIS EFISIENSI TEKNIS USAHATANI PADI SEMI ORGANIK DI KECAMATAN CIGOMBONG, BOGOR
Full text linkPengembangan padi semi organik di Kecamatan Cigombong cukup berprospek. Namun, produktivitas padi semi organik di Kecamatan Cigombong masih tergolong rendah karena inefisiensi dalam penggunaan input atau faktor-faktor produksi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah 1) menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi usahatani padi semi organik di Kecamatan Cigombong; 2) menganalisis efisiensi teknis usahatani padi semi organik di Kecamatan Cigombong; dan 3) menganalisis tingkat pendapatan yang diperoleh dalam usahatani padi semi organik di Kecamatan Cigombong. Metode penelitian menggunakan fungsi produksi stochastic frontier dengan metode Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE). Penelitian dilakukan di Kecamapatan Cigombong pada Bulan Januari 2013 hingga Desember 2013. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian merupakan jenis data cross section dan diperoleh melalui wawancara langsung kepada petani sampel.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel luas lahan (X1), benih (X2), kompos (X3), urea (X4). dan tenaga kerja (X5) berpengaruh nyata terhadap produksi dengan nilai koefisien positif. Variabel luas lahan, kompos, dan urea berpengaruh nyata terhadap produksi padi semi organik pada tingkat kepercayaan 95%, benih berpengaruh nyata pada tingkat kepercayaan 90%, dan tenaga kerja berpengaruh nyata pada tingkat kepercayaan 85%. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa usahatani padi semi organik yang dilakukan oleh petani responden di Kecamatan Cigombong tergolong efisien secara teknis (nilai mean efisiensinya sebesar 0,78). Status kepemilikan lahan merupakan sumber inefesiensi teknis yang berpengaruh nyata meningkatkan efisiensi teknis. Selain itu, usahatani padi semi organik di Kecamatan Cigombong tergolong menguntungkan (keuntungan Rp 3.233.498,09) dan layak diusahakan (nilai R/C ratio atas biaya tunai sebesar 1,42 dan nilai R/C ratio atas biaya total sebesar 1,24)
Prototype of Information System for Horticulture Pest and Disease Distribution
Full text linkThe impact of climate change on the outbreak plant pest and disease seems to be likely increased in the future. However, operational information system on the outbreak of pest and disease on horticulture crops which can provide an overview of outbreak and distribution pest both in space and time is still very limited. The objective of the study is to developed prototype information system for providing information regarding area of horticulture pest and disease outbreak both space and time punctually and accurately. SIOPTHor is the early stage study to meet information regarding distribution of pest and disease outbreak. SIOPTHor is developed to performed information system including storage, processing, and analysis of distribution of pest and disease of horticulture data both in space and time on spatial and temporal. Distribution pest and disease attack data on horticulture crops (onions, red peppers and potatoes) for main horticulture crop areas in sub district level of Java were provided by local plant protection stations (BPTPH).. SIOPTHor was developed using waterfall systems development methods. This method consist of five stages, namely requirements analysis, design, implementation/coding, testing/verification and deployment/ maintenance. The software platform used for developing the system includes: 1) operation system Microsoft Windows 7, 2) programming language C#, 3) integrated development environment Microsoft Visual Studio 2008, 4) database management system Microsoft Access 2007, 5) mapper MapWinGIS v.3, 6) and software utilities such as Collapsible Panel, Microsoft Chart for NET, and adobe photoshop portable. The results showed SIOPTHor information system display informations including:1) analysis of pest and disease distribution both in space and time, 2) the Top-k OPT analysis in sub district level, 3) The most severe pest outbreak, and 4) analysis of pest and disease vulnerable index
APLIKASI MODEL REGRESI STEP WISE DALAM PENENTUAN HASIL JAGUNG PUTIH
Full text linkWhite corn is a source of functional food, particularly in dry land and dry climate environments. Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD) has released six white corn varieties with various characteristics with wide adaptation area. Breeding programs for developing high yielding white maize varieties is conducted by a series of steps including evaluation of agronomic characteristics of lines/varieties. The objective of the research was to test the applicability of step wise regression model to determine/select agronomic variables that significantly contributed to the yield of white corn. Research was conducted in rainy season 2012 at Muneng experimental station, East Java Province. Maize parental plants used were the result of crossing CML140 x CML264Q lines namely Bima Putih. A total of 14 variables were tested for their significances to maize yield. SPSS and Microstat software were used to calculate the best variables that contributed to the yield significantly. The results showed that among 14 variables involved in the calculation, there were five variables that contributed to the yield, namely: weight of cob at harvest (x5), ratio of the weight of dry grain to the total cob weight (x9), the seed moisture content (x6), and number of ears (x4). Regression models generated from step wise screening was y=-4,33+0,763x5+0,1009x11+0,104x9-1,22x6+0,016x4. The coefficient of determination (R2 ) of the model was 0.99, indicating the ability of the regression model to fit the data. This showed that the five independent variables included in the model were the main variables in determining the outcome of hybrid seed Bima Putih-1. This result could be further used as reference to conduct parameter screening to produce high yielding white maiz
ANALISIS RANCANGAN FAKTORIAL TIGA FAKTOR UNTUK OPTIMALISASI PRODUKSI BIOETANOL DARI MOLASES TEBU
Full text linkBioethanol is a plant-based fuels potential as alternative materials to substitute fossil fuels which are non-renewable. The aim of this study is to get the optimal dose of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as starer, concentration of nitrogen (urea) and fermentation time for the production of bioethanol effectively and efficiently. This study was conducted at the Laboratory of Postharvest Research and Development Institute, Bogor from May to September 2015. The materials used are molasses of sugar cane. The experimental design used was a factorial design with 3 factors. The first factor was the treatment of fermentation time (1, 2 and 3 days). The second factor was the nitrogen concentration (0, 2 and 4 grams). The thirtd factor was the Saccharomyces cerevisiae concentration (1, 1.5 and 2 grams). Each treatment was repeated twice. Observations were made on the characteristics of the raw materials (total sugar content, ash content and calcium content) and the resulting product (total sugar content, alcohol content and yield). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that the addition of starter Saccharomyces cerevisiae and treatment of urea 2 grams each produced the highest yield alcohol with a fermentation time of 3 days