Jurnal Teknologi Laboratorium
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Perspective of molecular immune response of SARS-COV-2 infection
Get PDFCOVID-19 is a type of Pneumonia caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). When COVID-19 arise in Wuhan China and rapidly spread throughout to the World, we need to learn how pathogenesis and immune responses occur in the bodies in more detail. COVID-19 is the third Severe Respiratory Disease outbreak caused by the Coronavirus in the past two decades after Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in the 2002 and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in 2012. The Articles from PUBMED and Research Gate were searched for studies on the immune response of COVID-19 infection by SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 increases the number of neutrophils, suppresses IFN, increases the activity of Th1/Th17, B cells, CD8+ and CD4+, and causes cytokine storms especially pro-inflammatory cytokines which can increase respiration disorders and multi-organ damage. This review tries to explain about pathogenesis and immune responses of COVID-19 to provide a reference in designing the appropriate immune intervention for treatment and therapeutic such as drug or vaccine based on the recent research progress SARS-CoV-2 and previous studies about SARS CoV and MERS CoV
Herd immunity and COVID-19 in Indonesia
Get PDFHerd immunity or herd effect is a phenomenon that occurs in groups of people who are resistant to disease. The purpose of conducting this research is to predict the number of cumulative cases of COVID-19 in Indonesia. Covid-19 cases in Indonesia on April 6, 2020, were 2235 cases spread in 34 Provinces. As many as 2491 cases in Indonesia, there were 192 patients recovered (including those treated, so they have natural antibodies in the end) while the total who died was 209 people. It is assumed that around 13% of the total cases have natural antibodies. This is also the case with SARS-CoV-2 and may explain why some individuals (perhaps those most recently able to recover from seasonal coronavirus infections) have asymptomatic infections. Finally, the theoretical concept of increasing herd immunity in pandemic and epidemic cases in Indonesia which aims to control COVID-19 still needs to be reviewed because it is seen from the mortality data that CFR COVID-19 is predicted to be around 8.39% of the population in Indonesia where the risk of death still available. The best alternative is to do a healthy lifestyle, social distancing, and waiting for the vaccine to be found
The potential of traditional balinese spices against the growth of Salmonella sp in vitro
No full textPrevention by utilizing medicinal plants can be used as an alternative treatment. This study aims to identify active antimicrobial substances and test the antimicrobial potential of traditional Balinese spices, namely Basa Selem, Basa Gede, Basa Wangen, Basa Bawang Jahe, and Basa Rajang against Salmonella sp bacteria in vitro. The True-experimental method with Posttest only-control design was used in this study, by intervening in the treatment group as well as the presence of positive and negative controls. The maceration method with 96% EtOH solvent was used to extract active substances and identify the levels of antimicrobial active substances. The TLC Spectrophotodensitometer instrument and the diffusion method (discs) were used to test antimicrobial potential. Data analysis was performed using the one-way ANOVA test. All five samples showed flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and phenols in qualitative tests. Based on quantitative test results of five samples, the highest compound content obtained in Basa Wangen (6.66 mg/ml of tannins), Basa Gede (3.74 mg/ml of flavonoids), Basa Bawang Jahe (2.49 mg/ml of tannins), Basa Selem (2.87 mg/ml of tannin), and Basa Rajang (6.96 mg/ml of flavonoids). There are differences in the antimicrobial potential of various types of traditional Balinese spices against the growth of Salmonella sp in vitro (sig = 0.037). The traditional Balinese spices have the antimicrobial potential of the intermediate category with a range of inhibition (16-20 mm) based on the NCCLS standard.Pencegahan dengan memanfaatkan tanaman obat dapat dijadikan salah satu alternative pengngobatan. Tanaman rempah dimanfaatkan sebagai ramuan bumbu seperti bumbu tradisional bali yang dimasukan kedalam masakan sebagai penyedap dan pengawet karena mengandung anti mikroba. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi zat aktif antimikroba dan menguji potensi antimikroba bumbu tradisional bali pada bakteri Salmonella sp secara in vitro.
Bentuk penelitian ini True-experimental berupa Posttest only-control design dengan melakukan intervensi,terhadap kelompok perlakuan serta adanya kontrol positif dan kontrol negatif. Metode maserasi dipakai untuk mengekstraksi zat aktif serta identifikasi kadar zat aktif antimikroba dengan KLT Spektrofotodensitometer dan metode difusi (cakram) untuk uji potensi antimikroba. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan uji oneway anova.
Uji kualitatif positif mengandung plavonoid, alkaloid, tanin dan fenol . Kandungan kuantitatif terbanyak pada bumbu Rajang mengandung fenol (3,35 mg/ml) dan plavonoid (6,96 mg/ml) serta bumbu wangen mengandung tannin tertinggi (6,66 mg/ml). Hasil analisis statistik ada perbedaan potensi anti mikroba berbagai jenis bumbu tradisional bali pada pertumbuhan bakteri salmonella sp secara in vitro (sig = 0,037). Tidak ada jenis bumbu yang sensitive sebagai antimikroba baru sebatas kategori intermediate dengan kisaran daya hambat (16-20 mm) berdasar standar NCCLS .
Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan manfaat bagi masyarakat dalam upaya memberikan solusi alternatife dalam pencegahan penyakit infeksi melalui makanan yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Salmonella s
Kata Kunci: Bumbu tradisional bali, potensi antimikroba dan Salmonella s
The effect of temperature and storage time of cuccal swabs on FGA and D13S317 loci with the STR PCR method
No full textThe samples used for forensic DNA analysis in living individuals are usually blood and buccal swabs, however, blood collection requires an invasive method that can cause discomfort, thus a buccal swab can be a good choice for individuals examined, especially children. This study aimed to determine the effect of temperature and storage time of buccal swabs on the quantity of DNA as material for DNA examination in the forensic field. This study was a laboratory experiment to determine the effect after treatment. Buccal swab samples were 48 and divided into 2 temperature groups, namely room temperature (RT) and 4℃. The division of the temperature groups was also observed with time differences, namely 1, 3, 5, 7 days. EDNA extraction used the DNAzol method and DNA quantification used a Spectrophotometer. The PCR process was carried out with STR primers FGA and D13S317 loci. The visualization stage used acrylamide gel and silver staining.
The results of this study prove that there is an effect of temperature and storage time of buccal swab samples. The longer the treatment time, the lower the DNA level. With statistical analysis, it is obtained p-value of <0.005, it can be concluded that there are significant differences in DNA levels at the temperature and storage time treatments of the buccal swab sample. The results of DNA visualization at the FGA and D13S317 loci using the STR PCR method in this study can still be detected and can be used as a reference for examination in forensic cases.
 
Comparison of real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and IgM and IgG antibody test for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection
No full textIn the present study, we compared the real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and total IgM-IgG antibody tests for diagnosis SARS-CoV-2 patients. SARS-CoV-2 patients were divided into four additional subgroups according to clinical examination, and Computed Tomography (CT) for SARS-CoV-2. Groups were included 60 mild cases, 111 moderate cases, 53 severe cases, and 105 normal cases. In a mild group, 52.5% of 60 cases were found to be male, 45.9% female, and the average age was found as 38.4 ±2.011. The positive ratio was found as 80.3% in the RT-PCR test, while 39.3% in total IgM/IgG. In a moderate group, 49.1% of 111 cases were found to be male, 50% female, and the average age was 45.05 ±1.519. The positive ratio was found as 85.7% in the RT-PCR test while 54.5% in total IgM/IgG. In a severe group, 53.7%of 53 cases were found to be male, 44.4% female, and the average age was 55.5±2.122. The positive ratio was found as 75.9% both in RT-PCR and total IgM/IgG tests. In a normal group with no involvement according to Computed Tomography (CT), 49.1%of 105 cases were found to be male, 50% female, and the average age was found as 34.8±1.391. The positive ratio was found as 95.3% in the RT-PCR test while 5.7% in total IgM/IgG. Chronic diseases were detected more in severe cases, suggesting that persons who have chronic diseases or decreased immunity, such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and lung disease, are at a higher risk for developing severe COVID-19 if they are infected with SARS-CoV-2. According to our results, we can suggest a higher detection sensibility in RT-PCR than in total IgM/IgG antibody test for mild, moderate and normal group, while the detection sensibility of IgM/IgG antibody increases in a severe group with bilateral diffuse involvement according to CT
The potential of ethanol extract of white pomegranate leaves (Punica granatum L) as anti-bacterial
No full textTreatment of infections using penicillin-derived antibiotics such as methicillin has been found to cause antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This bacteria could produce a beta-lactamase enzyme to form a resistant strain. Research on antibacterial activity continues to develop. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) was one of the herbal plants whose fruit has long been used for the treatment and prevention of various diseases. This study aimed to determine the potential inhibition of white pomegranate leaf extracts (Punica granatum L.) on the growth of Gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) strain and Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain. White pomegranate leaf extract macerated with ethanol 96%, evaporated to obtain pure extracts made with a concentration of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% and with 100% tested with invitro diffusion method. It was found that the extract of white pomegranate leaves with 30% (10.00 ± 0.0) concentration was able to inhibit the growth of positive Gram bacteria strains MRSA and the extract was unable to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria strain ESBL.
 
Konfirmasi Index Eritrosit Dengan Sediaan Apus Darah Tepi (Sadt) Pada Penduduk Tambaklorok Semarang Yang Terpajan Pb
No full textErythrocyte index can form erythrocyte morphology in the peripheral blood smear preparation. Lead exposure in Tambaklorok exceeds the threshold that affects anemia. The purpose of this study was to determine the erythrocyte index confirmation with erythrocyte morphology in the peripheral blood smear preparation. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2month in Tambaklorok Semarang residents and 104 samples were taken using the purposive technique. Erythrocyte index was measured using the hematological analyzer and erythrocyte morphology in the peripheral blood smear preparation using Giemsa painting. Erythrocyte index confirmation with the peripheral blood smear preparation was analyzed using the Gamma statistical relationship test. The results showed that the erythrocyte index value was mostly in the normal category, i.e., MCH 68 (64.4%), MCHC 61 (58.6%) and MCH 58 (56%) and below normal category were MCH 45 (42.95%), MCHC 41 (39.4%), and MCV 36 (34.3%). Erythrocyte morphology was mostly hypochromic, namely 46 (44.23%), normochrome 40 (38.46%), and hyperchrome 18 (17.3%). Relationship of MCH with erythrocyte color p-value 0.037 with size p-value 0.038. Conclusion of erythrocyte index confirmation, especially MCH with the peripheral blood smear preparation, there was a match on the color and size of erythrocytes, while the MCV and MCHC values had no significant relationship.Index eritrosit terdiri dari MCV, MCH, MCHC berfungsi untuk klasifikasi jenis anemia. Tinggi rendahnya index eritrosit dapat memberi gambaran morfologi eritrosit pada sediaan apus darah tepi (SADT). Pajanan Pb di Tambaklorok melebihi ambang batas yang berdampak anemia. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui konfirmasi indek eritrosit dengan morfologi eritrosit pada SADT. Jenis penelitian analitik pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian penduduk Tambaklorok Semarang dan jumlah sampel sebanyak 104, diambil menggunakan teknik purposive. Indek eritrosit diukur menggunakan alat hematologi analiser dan morfologi eritrosit pada SADT menggunakan pengecatan Giemsa. Konfirmasi index eritrosit dengan SADT dianalisis uji hubungan menggunakan Gamma statistic. Hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai indek eritrsoit sebagian besar kategori normal yaitu MCH 68 (64,4%), MCHC 61(58,6%) dan MCH 58 (56 %). di bawah normal MCH 45 (42,95%), MCHC 41 (39,4%), dan MCV 36 (34,3%). Morfologi eritrosit sebagian besar hipokromik yaitu 46(44,23%), normokrom 40(38,46%), dan hiperkrom 18 (17,3%). Hubungan MCH dengan warna eritrosit p value 0.037 dengan ukuran p value 0.038. Simpulan konfirmasi indek eritrosit khusunya MCH dengan SADT terdapat kesesuaian pada warna dan ukuran eritrosit, sedangkan nilai MCV dan MCHC tidak ada hubungan siknifikan./tidak sesuai
Modulation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in receptor, innate immunity and drug antiviral candidate
Get PDFThe Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a contagious acute respiratory infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 as a global pandemic in 2020. This disease most spreads and causes some severe cases, even death in the world. The primary purpose of this review discusses the recent article that was published regarding COVID-19 genomic modulation, the mechanism of innate immunity, and the screening of anti-viral drug candidates, for treating COVID-19 patients. This review used the latest paper regarding COVID-19 with 63 journals with high impact factors such as Nature, The Lancet, Cells, International Journal of Biological Sciences, Mol Biol Methods. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection, Nat. Rev. Microbiol, and other international journals indexed by Scopus, Elsevier, and Springer through in vivo and in vitro studies. The genomic of SARS-CoV-2 consist high similarly to coronaviruses family, albeit possessing a different pathway even has higher affinity, due to changing some nitrogen bases are supposed to have a significant effect on its pneumonia. Herein, we report review article an update on the recent literature of the COVID-19 modulation genome, mechanism of innate immunity, and medical literature. Moreover, we report anti-viral drugs that have been developed from synthetic drugs and medicinal compounds from plants. Several studies have been re-analyzed using in vitro, in vivo, and modelling using bioinformatics tools.The novel coronavirus pneumonia-19 (COVID-19) is a contagious acute respiratory infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 as a global pandemic in 2020. This disease most spreads and causes some severe cases, even death in the world. The main purpose of this review discusses the recent article that was published regarding COVID-19 genomic modulation, the mechanism of innate immunity and the screening of antiviral drug candidates, for treating COVID-19 patients. The genomic of SARS-CoV-2 consist high similarly to coronaviruses family, albeit possessing a different pathway even has higher affinity, due to changing some nitrogen bases are supposed to have a significant effect on its pneumonia. Herein, we report review article an update on the recent literature of the COVID-19 modulation genome, mechanism of innate immunity, and medical literature. Moreover, we report antiviral drugs that have been developed from synthetic drugs and medicinal compounds from plants. Several studies have been re-analyzed using in vitro, in vivo, and modeling using bioinformatics tools
Peripheral stem cell mobilization strategies in patients with autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation: A single center's experience
No full textThis research is to investigate the parameters which may affect the mobilization of stem cells in patients receiving autologous hematopoietic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). A retrospective study was carried out using the data derived from the medical files of 242 patients who received PBSCT. Descriptive, clinical, and laboratory parameters were compared between patients with successful and unsuccessful stem cell mobilization. Successful stem cell mobilization ratio was 4.463 times higher when preemptive plerixafor was administrated; 1.032 times higher when CD34+ cell count increased 1 unit at the beginning of mobilization. The white blood cell count was inversely correlated with the success of mobilization. An increase of 1 unit in WBC count was associated with a 1.027 times decrease in the success rate. The data indicated that the administration of preemptive plerixafor and CD34+ cell count at the beginning of mobilization were directly related to the success of mobilization after PBSCT. On contrary, WBC count was inversely associated with the success rate.Background: We aimed to investigate the parameters which may affect the mobilization of stem cells in patients receiving autologous hematopoietic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT).
Patients and methods: A retrospective study was carried out using the data derived from the medical files of 242 patients who received PBSCT. Descriptive, clinical, and laboratory parameters were compared between patients with successful and unsuccessful stem cell mobilization.
Results: Successful stem cell mobilization ratio was 4.463 times higher when preemptive plerixafor was administrated; 1.032 times higher when CD34+ cell count increased 1 unit at the beginning of mobilization. The white blood cell count was inversely correlated with the success of mobilization. An increase of 1 unit in WBC count was associated with a1.027 times decrease in the success rate.
Conclusion: Our data indicated that administration of preemptive plerixafor and CD34+ cell count at the beginning of mobilization were directly related with the success of mobilization after PBSCT. In contrary, WBC count was inversely associated with the success rate
Second allogeneic stem cell transplantation in acute leukemia patients: single-centre experience
No full textAcute leukaemia patients who relapse after the first allogeneic stem cell transplantation (Allo-SCT) have a poor prognosis. Participating in clinical trials is the best option for these patients. If patients cannot participate in clinical trials, as the treatment options are limited, the second allo-SCT constitutes the potential curative treatment option. The data of acute leukaemia patients who underwent second allo-SCT because of relapsed/refractory disease after the first allo-SCT at our centre between December 2009 and February 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. Three hundred nineteen acute leukaemia patients were performed allo-SCT at our centre. 20 of these 319 acute leukaemia patients relapsed after first allo-SCT and underwent second allo-SCT. 10 AML patients and 10 ALL patients were included in the study. After second allo-SCT overall survival (OS) was 26.1±10.8 weeks, and progression-free survival (PFS) was 19.9±8.6 weeks. If the patients cannot participate in clinical trials, second allo-SCT should be considered for patients with late (≥12 months) relapses after the first allo-SCT. If possible, haploidentical donors should be selected for second allo-SCT and patients should be in complete remission before the transplant