Jurnal Teknologi Laboratorium
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Identification of molecular markers for type 2 Diabetes mellitus in Sidoarjo, Indonesia
No full textT2DM can be triggered by two collaborating factors, namely genetics and the environment. This study aimed to identify genetic markers that can be used to detect the possibility of a person having T2D using the random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD) method. The study was carried out cross-sectional and involved 60 samples consisting of 30 positive T2D samples and 30 negative samples T2D. The primer used for PCR-RAPD was D20 (5'-ACCCGGTCAC-3’). The PCR-RAPD results were then analyzed using the scoring method and analyzed using the non-parametric Chi-Square test (cl: 95%). Among T2D, 576 bp band were confirmed to be markers in the patients
Human immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection
Get PDFCOVID-19 is an acute respiratory infection caused by a new type of Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, which first appeared in Wuhan, China in December 2019. COVID-19 then became a pandemic in various countries in early 2020. In this article it contains review that discusses the immune response in humans due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, using the narrative literature review method, a total of 36 articles (6 from Elsevier, 24 from PMC, and 6 from Springer). It is known that the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and the manufacture of drugs and vaccines are still under investigation, but in infected patients, innate immune responses in the form of alveolar macrophages, dendritic cells, airway epithelial cells, congenital lymphocytes, and neutrophils work together in the fight against infection. Next comes the adaptive immune response in the form of antibodies (immunoglobulins) which help in fighting infections due to SARS-CoV-2. These immune responses include increasing levels of cytokines, coagulation parameters, C-reactive protein, neutrophils, and decreasing total lymphocytes. It is also known that COVID-19 patients with severe disease often experience higher total antibody, IgM responses, and IgG responses than COVID-19 patients without congenital disease. IgG antibodies are present in the serum, so the serum in COVID-19 patients who have recovered can be used for therapy in COVID-19 patients who have not healed, as long as the drug and vaccine are under investigation.COVID-19 adalah infeksi pernafasan akut yang disebabkan oleh tipe baru Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, yang pertama kali muncul di Wuhan, Cina pada Desember 2019. COVID-19 kemudian menjadi pandemi di berbagai negara pada awal 2020. Dalam artikel ini itu berisi ulasan yang membahas respon kekebalan manusia yang terinfeksi SARS-CoV-2, menggunakan metode tinjauan literatur naratif, total 36 artikel (6 dari Elsevier, 24 dari PMC, dan 6 dari Springer). Diketahui bahwa patogenesis COVID-19 dan pembuatan obat-obatan dan vaksin masih dalam penelitian, tetapi pada pasien yang terinfeksi, respon imun bawaan dalam bentuk makrofag alveolar, sel dendritik, sel epitel saluran napas, limfosit kongenital, dan neutrofil bekerjasama dalam memerangi infeksi. Selanjutnya muncul respons imun adaptif dalam bentuk antibodi (imunoglobulin) yang membantu memerangi infeksi akibat SARS-CoV-2. Respon imun ini termasuk peningkatan kadar sitokin, parameter koagulasi, protein C-reaktif, neutrofil, dan penurunan total limfosit. Juga diketahui bahwa pasien COVID-19 dengan penyakit parah sering mengalami antibodi total lebih tinggi, respons IgM, dan respons IgG dibandingkan pasien COVID-19 tanpa penyakit bawaan. Antibodi IgG hadir dalam serum, sehingga serum pada pasien COVID-19 yang telah pulih dapat digunakan untuk terapi pada pasien COVID-19 yang belum sembuh, selama obat dan vaksin sedang diteliti
Indirect exposure to novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): an overview of current knowledge
No full textThis review chronicles the indirect transmission method which seems to be overlooked by most people and makes attempts to document the various transmission ways with a hope that such information may strengthen the knowledge base of researchers towards methods of eradicating the pandemic. Current knowledge of transmission and exposure of SARS-CoV-2 has been explained. Various researchers have put forward different ways of exposure and transmission. Literature does not reveal whether the indirect transmission route is the dominant one. However, total lockdown could be a veritable means to reduce both direct and indirect transmission routes. In many countries where the indirect transmission has been reduced, the scourge of the virus is less. The work creates awareness on the need to watch out for those routes of transmissions that may not be popular and suggested vital knowledge gaps that need to fill.
 
The potency of green grass jelly extract (Premna oblongifolia Merr) as antihyperlipidemia towards aorta histopathology representation of rat (Rattus norvegicus) induced with high fatty diet (HFD)
No full textGreen grass jelly (Premna oblongifolia merr) is a plant containing fiber and chlorophyll which can lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels. This study have aims to investigate the potency of green grass jelly extract (Premna oblongifolia Merr) to prevent hyperlipidemia. The animal mode used for this study is male Rattus norvegicus, Wistar strain, the age of 8 weeks, and weight of 200 g which is divided into 5 groups of treatment namely group Kn (negative control), Kp (positive control), Kp1, Kp2, and Kp3 induced with HFD and green grass jelly extract at a dose of 5.27 g/ kg BW/ daily, 8.43 g/ kg BW/ daily, 9.37 g/ kg BW/ daily. The data of infiltrating fatty cells and macrophage on aorta histopathology was analyzed by description. This research showed that the treatment of green grass jelly extract (Premna oblongifolia Merr) to animals of hyperlipidemia model reduced infiltration fatty cells and macrophage. The conclusion of this study was the green grass jelly extract was able to prevent an increase of fatty cells and macrophage infiltration of rat (Rattus noervegicus) induced with HFD on dose 9.37 g/ kg/ BW/ daily
Investigation of revers-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction values of patients with COVID-19 findings in lung computed tomography results
Get PDFIt turned out that the cause of pneumonia cases that occurred in China was due to SARS-CoV-2. The aim is to compare chest computer tomography and Revers-Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction methods used in the diagnosis of COVID-19 disease with each other and to evaluate this disease with risk factors.
The study was carried out on 66 patients. Epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, chest CT and RT-PCR results of the cases were examined. RT-PCR results of 1, 4, and 7 days were evaluated for each case with positive chest CT results. Thirty-seven of them were found to be positive on day 1, 5 of them were found to be positive on day 4, and 2 of them were found to be positive on day seven from 52 patients whose RT-PCR results were examined. In the remaining 8 cases, no positive findings were found. The most common findings are; cough (78.8%), fever (55.8%), and shortness of breath (28.8%). It was observed that 51.9% of the cases had chronic disease history and 50% of the patients using cigarettes had bilateral lung involvement in their CT results. Seven cases received intensive care support, 3 cases were intubated. Two of the intubated cases were exitus (3,8%). The positive results of RT-PCR were found to be negative in most of the cases which have positive chest CT; suggests that chest CT is more reliable in making a diagnosis. Therefore, evaluating chest CT results with RT-PCR can be an appropriate alternative approach in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. However, in order to be fully diagnosed, the patient's history, chronic diseases, age, symptoms, imaging, blood, and test findings must all be considered as a whole
In-vitro antibacterial activity of the seed extract of three-member Artocarpus towards Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
No full textMethicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections have created a critical need for the development of natural antibacterials from a biological source. This research aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of the seed extract of three-member Artocarpus (Artocarpus heterophyllus, A. champeden, and A. camansi) against MRSA which are the most prevalent causes of infections in patients. Crude seed extracts of three-member Artocarpus were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against MRSA. The antibacterial activity against MRSA of the three extracts was assayed in vitro by the agar well diffusion assay and agar microdilution method and minimum bactericidal concentration. The antibacterial activity, calculated as a zone of inhibition and MIC, MBC values. The Crude seed extracts of three-member Artocarpus showed antibacterial activity against the MRSA in the agar well diffusion assay (1.5-9 mm inhibition diameter). The MIC value of extract showed at 15.62 mg/mL and the MBC value of seed extract of A. heterophyllus at 62.5 mg/mL, A. champeden at 31.25 mg/mL, A. camansi at 250 mg/mL. All seed extracts have the potential to be developed as antibacterial agents, particularly against MRSA strain. Studies on the antibacterial activity against MRSA can provide new information about the benefits seed of members of Artocarpus as a source of natural antibacterial
On the novel coronavirus (COVID-19): a global pandemic
No full textCoronaviruses (COVS) are viruses transmitted through droplets of sputum from an infected person. Analyses identify COVS as zoonotic pathogens, possibly resulting from human-animal contact at animal markets. They share overlapping genetic characteristics with the avian influenza viruses from China. COVS released from humans through droplets of sputum and may land on various surfaces, which poses exposure risks; as studies have shown the virus can exist intact for a relatively long period of time (several days). The recent highly pathogenic COVS outbreak (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan, China in 2019, include Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-COVS). This highly transmittable disease causes pneumonia and severe respiratory illnesses similar to SARS and MERS; it has a global mortality rate of about 6.13%. The virus has rapidly become a global pandemic, causing major global issues, including health, economic, and age-preference, among other issues. This text summarizes the nature of the emerging COVID-19 global pandemic while analyzing several factors concerning the etiology of the virus. This is done in an urgent effort to educate and provide relevant information about the virus
Aktivitas Anti-Inflamasi Senyawa Squale dari Ekstrak Metanol Abroma augusta L pada Mus musculus
No full textAbroma augusta L plant traditionally was used to treat swellings, cuts, sores, and bruises. In the province of Jambi, A. augusta is used in folk medicine to treat wounds. This study aims to isolate the steroid compound from the root of A. augusta L and determine its anti-inflammatory activities. Extraction and fractionation have been done with graded maceration using solvents with different polarities, which are n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The separation was performed by column chromatography, followed by preparative thin-layer chromatography. The characterization of the isolate was carried out using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and infrared spectrophotometry, GC-MS. The anti-inflammatory activities of methanol extract and isolate of A. augusta was performed in this study was designed to evaluate the dose-response relationship of the anti-inflammatory activity in rat models of chronic inflammation chromatography to obtain isolate 2.1.1 that characterize and showed maximum absorbance at 265. The result of IR showed the presence of functional groups, -C=C-H, -C=H, -CH, CH3, CH2, and –CO belongs to the steroid compound. The results of the GC-MS show that isolates contain squalene compounds with a value of m/z 410, Isolate and crude extract showed an anti-inflammatory activity that almost approached the positive control of sodium 4-chlorophenolate. It could be concluded that isolate and extract provide good anti-inflammatory activity, that promise for new drug candidate squalene-based A. augusta
IDENTIFIKASI KONTAMINASI Salmonella Typhi BERDASARKAN AMPLIFIKASI GEN fliC PADA CINCAU DI PASAR TRADISIONAL DAN MINIMARKET KOTA SEMARANG
No full textGrass-jelly is one of the most popular plants consumed by people in various forms. Contamination can cause various diseases, one of those is typhoid fever by Salmonella typhi. The purpose of this study was to detect S. typhi in grass-jelly based on molecular detection by amplification of the fliC gene using PCR. Validation was done by culture methods on SSA media and biochemical testing. The fliC gene amplification results in grass-jelly samples (A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, and C3) showed the DNA fragments size of about 1500 bp. Colony and biochemical characters isolate Peterongan were lead to S. typhi, whereas another isolate was another Salmonella spp. Grass-jelly samples from the Peterongan market in Semarang were positively contaminated by S. typhi and isolate from Pedurungan and the minimarket was another Salmonella spp. Molecular-based food testing is fast enough and accurate for detecting types of bacterial contaminants but the amplification of only the fliC gene cannot specific for S. typhi.Cincau merupakan salah satu tanaman yang banyak dikonsumsi masyarakat dalam berbagai bentuk campuran minuman karena mudah ditemukan di pasar-pasar tradisional, sehingga diperlukan adanya pengujian untuk menjaga keamanannya. Kontaminasi mikroorganisme dapat terjadi pada cincau karena beberapa faktor misalnya air untuk pengolahan, alat dan tempat pengolahan, serta dari orang yang melakukan pengolahan. Kontaminasi dapat menyebabkan berbagai penyakit salah satunya yaitu demam tifoid yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Salmonella Typhi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeteksi S. typhi pada cincau berdasarkan deteksi molekuler dengan amplifikasi gen fliC menggunakan PCR. Tahapan metode pengujian yang dilakukan yaitu ekstrasi DNA dari sampel cincau, uji kualitas DNA genom menggunakan elektroforesis agarose, amplifikasi gen fliC dan elektroforesis hasil PCR. Validasi dilakukan dengan metode kultur pada media Salmonella Shigella Agar dan uji biokimia. Hasil amplifikasi gen fliC dalam sampel cincau (A1, A2, B1, B2, C1 dan C3) menunjukkan ukuran fragmen DNA sekitar 1500 bp. Karakter koloni dan biokimia isolat Peterongan mengarah pada S. typhi, sedangkan isolat lainnya Salmonella spp. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa sampel rumput-jeli dari pasar Peterongan di Semarang terkontaminasi oleh S. typhi sedangkan isolat dari Pasar Pedurungan dan minimarket adalah Salmonella spp. lainnya. Pengujian makanan berbasis molekuler cukup cepat dan akurat untuk mendeteksi jenis kontaminan bakteri patogen namun amplifikasi gen fliC tidak dapat spesifik untuk mendeteksi S. typhi
Deteksi Gen B1 sebagai Penanda Toxoplasmosis pada Wanita Usia Subur di Kabupaten Bandung Barat
No full textCongenital toxoplasmosis can cause damage and death to the fetus, to prevent this case, toxoplasmosis testing is important for the woman of childbearing age. One of the methods to screening the presence of T. gondii in the blood is Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). One of the T. gondii genes which can be used as a marker is the B1 gene. There are many toxoplasmosis cases in Indonesia, but the data is still difficult to find in West Bandung Regency. This study aimed to determine the number of toxoplasmosis cases in a woman of childbearing age in West Bandung Regency using the B1 gene as a marker and to determine the factors that influence these cases by conducting statistical analysis on the results of the questionnaire. The sample used in this study was 50 women of childbearing age (got married and domiciled in West Bandung). All samples have met the inclusion criteria and signed the informed consent. DNA from blood specimens was isolated using the Wizard Genomic DNA Purification Kit. The concentration and purity of isolated DNA were measured using a nanodrop device. Besides, the B1 gene from T. gondii was amplified using a pair of specific primers and visualized by the agarose electrophoresis method. Data were analyzed using the logistic regression method. The results showed that 7 women of childbearing age women (14%) in West Bandung Regency had toxoplasmosis. Frequent contact with pets, especially cats, was a significant factor (p <0.005) in this disease transmission.Toxoplasmosis adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh parasit Toxoplasma gondii. Toxoplasmosis kongenital dapat menyebabkan kerusakan dan kematian pada janin. Untuk mencegah hal tersebut, pemeriksaan toxoplasmosis perlu dilakukan pada wanita usia subur. Metode pemeriksaan yang banyak direkomendasikan adalah Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Salah satu gen dari T. gondii yang dapat dijadikan penanda adalah gen B1. Kasus toxoplasmosis di Indonesia sudah banyak, namun data kasus tersebut di Kabupaten Bandung Barat masih sulit ditemukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan jumlah kasus dan faktor yang mempengaruhi toxoplamosis pada wanita usia subur di Kabupaten Bandung Barat dengan gen B1 sebagai penandanya. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 50 orang wanita usia subur yang telah menikah dan berdomisili di Kabupaten Bandung Barat. Seluruh sampel penelitian telah memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan menandatangani informed consent. DNA dari spesimen darah diisolasi menggunakan Wizard Genomic DNA Purification kit. Konsentrasi dan kemurnian DNA hasil isolasi diukur menggunakan alat nanodrop. Gen B1 dari Toxoplasma gondii diamplifikasi menggunakan sepasang primer yang spesifik dan divisualisasi dengan metode elektroforesis agarose. Data penelitian diolah dan dianalisis menggunakan metode regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian membuktikan adanya 7 orang (14%) wanita usia subur di Kabupaten Bandung Barat yang mengidap penyakit toxoplasmosis. Sering bersentuhan dengan hewan peliharaan khususnya kucing menjadi faktor yang berpengaruh secara signifikan (p < 0,005) terhadap penularan penyakit tersebut