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El preludio de la tormenta: Conflictos y movilización social en Nicaragua 2014-2018
Full text linkIn April 2018, a social uprising occurred in Nicaragua with massive protests that lasted until early 2019 when they were crushed by state violence. The protests surprised the government because they expressed discontent that was not perceived to be so widespread or deep. Initial analyses argued that the uprising was impossible to foresee (Marti i Puig 2019; Cabrales 2019); however, for several years before, there had been protests and mobilizations that fed an underground current of discontent. This essay provides an overview of these social actions and analyzes three emblematic cases of emerging actors.En abril de 2018, en Nicaragua se produjo un estallido social con multitudinarias protestas que sorprendieron al gobierno porque expresaban un descontento que antes no se percibía tan extendido ni profundo. Los primeros análisis argumentaron que era imposible prever las acciones sociales (Marti i Puig 2019; Cabrales 2019); pero desde varios años antes había protestas y movilizaciones que alimentaron una corriente subterránea de descontento. Este ensayo hace un recuento de esas acciones sociales entre 2014 e inicios de 2018 y analiza tres casos emblemáticos de actores emergentes
El giro populista de El Salvador: la presidencia de Nayib Bukele (2019-2023)
Full text linkThis article analyzes the first presidency of Nayib Bukele who, in 2019, won the presidential elections in El Salvador, putting an end to the political alternation of the two large parties that emerged from the Chapultepec peace agreements in 1992. It attempts to show that the new president follows in the footsteps of populist rulers. To do this, this work is based on three major characteristics present in this type of regimes: the opposition between elites and the people, the control of all powers and social interaction.Este artículo analiza la primera presidencia de Nayib Bukele quien, en 2019, ganó las elecciones presidenciales de El Salvador, poniendo fin a la alternancia política de los dos grandes partidos surgidos de los acuerdos de paz de Chapultepec en 1992. Se intenta mostrar que el nuevo presidente sigue los pasos de los gobernantes populistas. Para ello, este trabajo se apoya en tres grandes características presentes en este tipo de regímenes: la oposición entre élites y pueblo, el control de todos los poderes y la interacción social
Between Post- and Conflict: Ancestral Authority and Political Aggressions in Guatemala's Ixil Region
Full text linkThis article examines the prolonged post-conflict dynamics in Guatemala's Ixil region, focusing on the 2022 assault on the Alcaldía Indígena of Nebaj. Through an ethnographic lens, it highlights how neoliberal decentralization, multicultural reforms, and the legacies of the civil war have reshaped local governance, intertwining historical and global dimensions. Anchored in the remnants of war, the post-conflict period emerges as a space of contestation and experimentation with new forms of autonomy and governance.Este artículo examina las prolongadas dinámicas del período posconflicto en la región Ixil de Guatemala, centrándose en el ataque de 2022 contra la Alcaldía Indígena de Nebaj. Desde una perspectiva etnográfica, resalta cómo la descentralización neoliberal, las reformas multiculturales y las herencias de la guerra civil han transformado la gobernanza local, entrelazando dimensiones históricas y globales. Anclado en los vestigios de la guerra, el período posconflicto emerge como un espacio de disputa y experimentación con nuevas formas de autonomía y gobernanza.This article examines the prolonged post-conflict dynamics in Guatemala's Ixil region, focusing on the 2022 assault on the Alcaldía Indígena of Nebaj. Through an ethnographic lens, it highlights how neoliberal decentralization, multicultural reforms, and the legacies of the civil war have reshaped local governance, intertwining historical and global dimensions. Anchored in the remnants of war, the post-conflict period emerges as a space of contestation and experimentation with new forms of autonomy and governance
Cuando el negro se vuelve violeta: presencia y efectos del lesbianismo en tres novelas sobre el feminicidio en Ciudad Juárez
Full text linkLesbian women writers have massively invested the genre of the detective novel during the last decades. How can this situation be explained? This article provides some answers based on three noir novels that share a common theme (feminicide in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico) and the presence of lesbian “detectives”. The corpus includes Sangre en el desierto by Alicia Gaspar de Alba, He visto al diablo de frente by Maud Tabachnik, and Ciudad final by Josebe Martínez. Starting from the most common characteristics of the detective novel – socio-political reflection, the marginality of the investigator, sexism and realism – this study shows that, beyond the denunciation of the horror of women’s murders and a desire to subvert a genre often wrongly perceived as “masculine”, the noir novel may seem to lesbian writers as the ideal narrative medium for expressing their lives, i.e., their social condition, their culture, their loves and their demands.Las escritoras lesbianas han invertido masivamente en el género de la novela negra durante las últimas décadas. ¿Cómo se explica esta situación? Este artículo ofrece algunas respuestas a partir de tres novelas negras que comparten un tema común (el feminicidio en Ciudad Juárez, México) y la presencia de “detectives” lesbianas. El corpus incluye Sangre en el desierto de Alicia Gaspar de Alba, He visto al diablo de frente de Maud Tabachnik y Ciudad final de Josebe Martínez. Partiendo de las características más comunes de la novela policíaca – reflexión sociopolítica, marginalidad del investigador, sexismo y realismo –, este estudio muestra que, más allá de la denuncia del horror de los asesinatos de mujeres y de la voluntad de subvertir un género a menudo erróneamente percibido como “masculino”, la novela negra puede aparecer para las escritoras lesbianas como el medio narrativo ideal para expresar sus vidas, es decir, su condición social, su cultura, sus amores y sus reivindicaciones
Materialità in movimento. Agentività, significati e circolazione di oggetti nelle Americhe
Full text linkThe essays hosted in this dossier engage with the state of the art in their respective fields of interest, implementing a methodological exercise and promoting a historiographic and conceptual reflection regarding the processes of cultural definition of objectuality and its relationship with subjectivity in the creation of sociocultural meanings. This involves a dialectical analysis between subject and object (subjectivized objects and subjectivities that manifest through objects) from both synchronic and diachronic perspectives. It explores how past materialities integrate into modernity, how and why human groups creatively appropriate objects from social contexts foreign to them or from cultural universes obscured by time, sometimes radically altering their functional aspects, and how these processes of interaction and (re)appropriation should be understood.I contributi ospitati in queste pagine si misurano con lo stato dell’arte delle relative discipline di interesse, mettendo in atto un esercizio metodologico e promuovendo una riflessione storiografica e concettuale in merito ai processi di definizione culturale dell'oggettualità e al suo rapporto con la soggettività nella creazione di significati socioculturali. Un’analisi dialettica tra soggetto e oggetto (oggetti soggettivizzati e soggettività che si manifestano attraverso gli oggetti) in una prospettiva sincronica e diacronica, che indaga in che modo le materialità del passato si integrano nella modernità, come e perché i gruppi umani si appropriano in maniera creativa di oggetti appartenenti a contesti sociali a loro estranei o a universi culturali offuscati dal tempo, in alcuni casi stravolgendone gli aspetti funzionali, e in che modo debbano essere intesi tali processi di interazione e (ri)appropriazione
"El batey": historia de un dispositivo colonial en perspectiva antropológica. El caso de la República Dominicana
Full text linkThis article analyzes the sociocultural, material, and symbolic transformations experienced by the Dominican bateyes in Hispaniola, place of the first landing of the European colonizers in America, as well as the center of the plantation system and the slave regime implemented on the island to sustain international sugar production and trade. Adopting a historical-anthropological perspective, the analysis delves into the power dynamics, social hierarchies, and ethnic stratification that characterize these spaces, revealing the persistence of colonial practices and ideologies in the contemporary socioeconomic structure of the bateyes.Este artículo analiza las trasformaciones socioculturales, materiales y simbólicas protagonizadas por los bateyes dominicanos en La Española, lugar del primer desembarco de los colonizadores europeos en América, así como centro del sistema de plantaciones y del régimen esclavista que se implementó en la isla para sustentar la producción y el comercio internacional de azúcar. Desde una perspectiva histórico-antropológica, el análisis profundiza en las dinámicas de poder, las jerarquías sociales y la estratificación étnica que caracterizan estos espacios, revelando la persistencia de prácticas e ideologías coloniales en la estructura socioeconómica contemporánea de los bateyes
Desviados, fabricados, dados vuelta: objetos subversivos en las Américas de los “años 1968”
Full text linkThe aim of this article is to approach three events linked to the "Global 68" in the French Antilles, in Argentina and the Dutch Caribbean, through objects that protesters diverted from their "natural" use, produced in factories or simply turned over to resist repression. The idea is to see to what extent these objects represent a novelty in these different “68 actions”, how they embody elements of continuity with a previous trajectory of insurgency, and what they reveal about the intrinsic characteristics of mobilisations which, though local, are inscribed in a global dynamic.Este artículo abordará tres eventos vinculados al “Global 68” en las Antillas francesas, en Argentina y en las Antillas neerlandesas, a través de los objetos que los manifestantes desvían de su uso “natural”, fabrican en talleres o, simplemente, dan vuelta para resistir a la represión. Pretende ver cómo estos objetos representan una novedad en el repertorio de acciones sesentayochista, hasta qué punto encarnan una continuidad con una trayectoria previa de insurgencia y qué revelan de las características intrínsecas de unas movilizaciones locales pero que se inscriben en una dinámica global
Estrattivismo al femminile: storie di donne nell'industria del caucciù (Amazzonia boliviana 1880 - 1920)
Full text linkThe article analyses theexploitation of elastic rubber in BolivianAmazonia (1880-1920), which played a crucial role in the definitive colonisationof the eastern part of the country. The goal of the paper is to describe the diverseroles women played in the several stages and contexts of rubber extraction,aiming at documenting the operation of the extractive machinery from a femalepoint of view and also to reconstruct the historical agency of the Creole,Indigenous and European women left out of the historical sources by the hyper-masculinising bias of Amazonian history.L’articolo analizza lo sfruttamento del caucciù nell’Amazzonia boliviana(1880-1920),che ebbe un ruolo cruciale nella definitiva colonizzazione finale dellaparte orientale del Paese; si propone di descrivere i diversi ruoli delle donnenelle varie fasi e contesti dell'estrazione della gomma, al fine di documentare ilfunzionamento dell’apparato estrattivo da un punto di vista femminile e diricostruire l’agency storica delle donne creole, indigene ed europee, lasciate indisparte nelle fonti storiche per un pregiudizio ipermascolinizzato della storia amazzonica
Fare, muoversi, pensare. Gli artefatti come mediatori nella ritualità degli Otomì serrani (Messico)
Full text linkThis contribution proposes to analyse the ritual artefacts produced among the Otomi of the Eastern Sierra Madre from a relational perspective. Even before being the offerings and supports of invisible entities, in fact, the materials produced during the performances have the function of tying together a heterogeneous collective of agents involved in a shared action on the world. Materiality appears, in this light, as the connecting element, the necessary mediator, so that human and non-human agentivities can realise together the reactivation of life cycles.Il contributo si propone di analizzare gli artefatti rituali prodotti tra gli Otomì della Sierra Madre Orientale da una prospettiva relazionale. Prima ancora che offerte e supporti di entità invisibili, infatti, i materiali realizzati durante le performance hanno la funzione di tenere insieme un collettivo eterogeneo di agenti coinvolti in un'azione condivisa sul mondo. La materialità si configura, in questa luce, come l'elemento di congiunzione, il mediatore necessario affinché agenività umane e non umane possano realizzare insieme la riattivazione dei cicli vitali
“Poetry slam” em Portugal: disputas pós-coloniais
Full text linkThe purpose of this paper is to discuss and analyze public posts on the social network Facebook that point to xenophobic opinions about the (i)migrant poetry slam scene in Portugal. These posts reflect the post-colonial attitudes of a historically colonizing country, which is currently experiencing a cultural identity crisis that oscillates between Lusotropicalist and Eurocentric ideology, and whose economic, racial and gender discrimination is still present. We will therefore look at poetry slam in Portugal in the light of post-colonial, identity and social disputes.O presente artigo tem como propósito discutir e analisar postagens públicas na rede social Facebook que apontam opiniões xenófobas sobre a cena (i)migrante do poetry slam em Portugal. Tais postagens refletem posturas pós-coloniais de um país historicamente colonizador, que hoje experimenta uma crise cultural identitária que oscila entre a ideologia lusotropicalista e a eurocêntrica, e cuja discriminação econômica, racial e de gênero ainda se faz presente. Trataremos, portanto, do poetry slam em Portugal à luz de disputas pós-coloniais, identitárias e sociais