JURNAL PESISIR DAN LAUT TROPIS
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LAJU PERTUMBUHAN KARANG Acropora formosa YANG DITRANPLANTASI PADA MEDIA TEMPEL DAN MEDIA GANTUNG
Get PDFCorals are associations of millions polyps that live in symbiotic way with zooxanthellae algae. Most of the polyps live in colonies and form a reef. Coral reefs are rich ecosystems that contain diverse organisms living in it. However, the threat of damage increases with the pressure that enters the waters. Coral transplantation is one way of restorations that can be done to restore damaged corals by cutting live corals and then planting them in places where the corals have been damaged. This study aims to determine the growth rate of Acropora formosa corals that were transplanted on fixed and hanging media. Data was collected in Malalayang Coast Waters, Manado City, North Sulawesi. The research took place for seven months. Beginning with the coral transplant activity of Acropora formosa on fixed and hanging media, then continued with monitoring every month for six months. Transplanted corals were measured using a ruler to determine the length of the coral from the beginning to the end of the study and then the data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel. The results obtained for the average growth rate of Acropora formosa corals transplanted on fixed media were 0.8 cm and on hanging media 1.8 cm. Overall growth rate averaged 1.3 cm.Keywords: Coral, Coral Reef, Transplant, Acropora formosa
KARAKTERISTIK SAMPAH LAUT DI PANTAI TUMPAAN DESA TATELI DUA KECAMATAN MANDOLANG KABUPATEN MINAHASA
Get PDFThe coastal region is the transitional area between the terrestrial and marine environment that has a great change of experiencing pressure due to pollution. This matter can caused by the strong population of Indonesia, quite high tourist activities, sea transportations, and large infra structure development. Marine debris in particular plastic is a big problem, not only in Indonesia, but also around the world. Hence, Indonesia is considered to be the second largest plastic waste producer in the world. Marine debris is part of a broader problem regarding waste management. Solid waste management has become a challenge for public health. In this research, garbage observation was done by adapting the shoreline survey method based on the national oceanic and atmospheric administration (NOAA, 2013). The results of observations of the research found that the type of macro-debris and meso-debris collected in the transect of observations were 228 items with a total weight of 2062.32 grams. Plastics debris were found in most quantities followed by rubbers, glasses and metals. The main factor for the abundance of marine debris in the coastal area of Tateli dua village Mandolang subdistrict Minahasa regency was the household waste, indicating that land-based sources provide a key factor for plastic pollution on the coastal area. Keywords: Marine debris, shoreline survey, pollution, coastal environment, Minahasa regency. AbstrakWilayah pesisir yang merupakan sumber daya potensial di Indonesia, adalah daerah peralihan antara daratan dan lautan. Sumber daya ini sangat besar yang didukung oleh adanya garis pantai sepanjang sekitar 81.000 km. Garis pantai yang panjang ini menyimpan potensi kekayaan sumber alam yang besar.Potensi itu diantaranya potensi non hayati dan hayati. Disamping potensi sumberdaya alam yang tersebar luas di pesisir Indonesia, potensi pencemaran terhadap lingkungan pesisir dan laut pun memiliki peluang yang cukup besar.Peluang ini dapat disebabkan oleh padatnya penduduk Indonesia, aktivitas wisata yang cukup tinggi termasuk transportasi, dan pembangunan yang besar.Sampah laut khususnya plastik merupakan masalah besar, bukan hanya di Indonesia, tetapi di seluruh dunia.Indonesia juga dianggap sebagai produsen sampah plastik ke laut terbesar kedua di dunia.Sampah laut merupakan bagian dari masalah yang lebih luas terkait pengelolaan sampah.Pengelolaan sampah padat telah menjadi tantangan kesehatan masyarakat.Pengamatan sampah dilakukan dengan adaptasi metode shoreline survey methodology berdasarkan National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA, 2013). Hasil pengamatan di lokasi penelitian di temukan jenis sampah makro-debris dan meso-debris yang dikumpulkan pada transek pengamatan sebanyak228 item dengan bobot total 2062,32 gram. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa plastik debris ditemukan dalam jumlah terbanyak diikuti oleh karet, kaca dan logam. Faktor utama penyebab kelimpahan sampah laut di Pantai Tumpaan Desa Tateli Dua, Kecamatan Mandolang, Kabupaten Minahasa adalah sampah aktivitas penduduk yang menunjukkan bahwa sumber-sumber berbasis lahan menyediakan input utama untuk polusi plastik di pantai tersebut. Kata Kunci: Sampah laut, survey garis pantai, pencemaran, lingkungan pesisir, Kabupaten Minahas
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DAN ANTI-UV Phyllidiella nigra DAN BAKTERI SIMBIOTIKNYA DARI PERAIRAN TANJUNG MANDOLANG
Get PDFPhyllidiella nigra is an organism that is suspected to have secondary metabolites because their ability to develop its self defense system by camouflage and using chemical compounds derived from their nature diet as deterrent against their predators. The purpose of this study was to isolate symbiotic bacterial derived from P. nigra, extracted and followed by, the antibacterial assays against Escherichia coli and Bacillus megaterium as well as the anti-UV assay. The results showed that the five isolates tested had an antibacterial activity with the highest average inhibition zone against E. coli DSM 498 bacteria, isolate 1 (14.67 mm), isolate 5 (14 mm), and against B. Megaterium DSM 32T bacteria, isolate 3 (13.33 mm). The three isolates which had the highest inhibition zone and P. nigra extract were tested for anti-UV assay using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The results obtained isolate 3 has absorption of UV-A with the UV absorbtion maximum at λ 340 nm and P. nigra extract has absorption on UV-B radiation with UV absorption maximum at λ 290 nm. Key words: Nudibranchia, Bacteria, Anti-bacteial, Anti-UV Phyllidiella nigra merupakan organisme yang diduga memiliki metabolit sekunder karena mampu mengembangkan sistem pertahanan dirinya dengan cara kamuflase dan menggunakan senyawa kimia sebagai racun yang didapat dari makanannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mendapatkan isolat bakteri yang bersimbiosis dengan P. nigra, mendapatkan ekstrak dari baktri simbion, dan menguji antibakteri dan anti-UV ekstrak etil aseta bakteri simbion dengan metode difusi agar terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dan Bacillus megaterium. Hasil penelitian didapatkan kelima isolat yang diuji memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dengan rerata zona hambat tertinggi terhadap bakteri E. coli DSM 498 yaitu isolat 1 (14,67 mm), isolat 5 (14 mm), dan terhadap baktri B. megaterium DSM 32T yaitu isolat 3 (13,33 mm). Ketiga isolat yang memiliki zona hambat tertinggi dan ekstrak P. nigra diujikan anti-UV menggunakan alat UV-Vis Spektrofotometer. Hasil yang didapat isolat 3 memiliki serapan terhadap radiasi sinar UV-A dengan puncak tertinggi pada λ 340 nm dan ekstrak P. nigra memiliki serapan terhadap radiasi sinar UV-B dengan puncak tertinggi berada pada λ 290 nm. Kata kunci: Nudibranchia, Bacteria, Anti-bacteial, Anti-U
ISOLASI PIGMEN KAROTENOID PADA KEPITING Metopograpsus sp. BETINA
Get PDFMetopograpsus sp is one of species of crabs usually found in indo-pacifik and lived at mangrove's trunk. The characteristic of this type of crab has type color on the carapace organ that indicate the presence of carotenoid. carotenoid pigments are natural dyes in plants and crustacea. The purpose of this study is to determined type of carotenoid pigments of metopograpsus sp by using TLC Method. The result of this study were identified three type of pigments of metopograpsus sp that are β-Karoten, Astaxanthin, dan Astacene.Key word : Metopograpsus sp, TLC, Carotenoid pigments.AbstrakMetopograpsus sp adalah kepiting mangrove yang biasanya ditemukan di Indo-Pasifik dan hidup dibatang pohon mangrove. Ciri khas dari kepiting ini memiliki corak berwarna pada karapasnya sehingga diasumsikan kepiting tersebut mengandung pigmen karotenoid. pigmen karatenoid adalah pewarna alami yang terdapat pada tanaman dan hewan krustasea. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis pigmen karotenoid pada kepiting Metopograpsus sp dengan menggunakan metode KLT. Hasil penelitian terdapat tiga jenis pigmen karotenoid yang teridentifikasi pada kepiting Metopograpsus sp yaitu : β-Karoten, Astaxanthin, dan Astacene.Kata Kunci : Metopograpsus sp, KLT, pigmen karotenoi
Efek Senyawa Timbal Asetat Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Kandungan Pigmen Klorofil Mikroalga Dunaliella sp.
Get PDFMicroalgae is one of the marine biota that has an important role in the waters because it acts as a supplier of food in the waters. Microalgae is a biological source that needs to be exploited because it is rich in essential compounds. Dunaliella sp. is one of the many micro algae used as research. Utilization of Dunaliella sp. quite diverse and has been marketed in developed countries because of its very attractive economic value. This study aims to determine the effects of lead acetate compounds on growth and content of chlorophyll pigments microalgae Dunaliella sp. The results obtained in this study are the lead acetate compounds can affect the number of cells in the growth of microalgae and analysis results obtained with a spectrophotometer showed that the extraction concentration of control day 5 (Exponential Phase) was higher than the concentration of 15 ppm and 25 ppm, whereas extraction on day 21 (Death Phase) concentration of 15 ppm was higher than 25 ppm.Keywords : Dunalella sp., Lead Acetate, Pigment chlorophyll RingkasanMikroalga adalah salah satu biota laut yang memiliki peran penting di perairan karena berfungsi sebagai pemasok makanan di perairan. Mikroalga adalah sumber biologis yang perlu dieksploitasi karena kaya akan senyawa esensial. Dunaliella sp. adalah salah satu dari banyak mikroalga yang digunakan sebagai penelitian. Pemanfaatan Dunaliella sp. cukup beragam dan telah dipasarkan di negara maju karena nilai ekonominya yang sangat menarik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek senyawa timbal asetat terhadap pertumbuhan dan kandungan pigmen klorofil Dunaliella sp. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini adalah senyawa timbal asetat dapat mempengaruhi jumlah sel dalam pertumbuhan mikroalga, penurunan jumlah sel mengikuti konsentrasi timbal asetat yang diberikan dan hasil analisis yang diperoleh dengan spektrofotometer menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi ekstraksi kontrol hari 5 (Fase Eksponensial) lebih tinggi daripada konsentrasi 15 ppm dan 25 ppm, sedangkan ekstraksi hari 21 (Fase Kematian) konsentrasi 15 ppm lebih tinggi dari 25 ppm.Kata kunci : Dunaliella sp., Timbal Asetat, Pigmen Klorofi
BIOAKTIVITAS JAMUR Aspergillus flavus YANG BERSIMBION DENGAN ASCIDIAN Eudistoma sp.
Get PDFAscidian is a marine invertebrate that produce bioactive compounds such as antibacterial and antifungal. The purpose of this study was to obtain symbiotic fungi isolates, ethyl acetate extracts from ascidian symbiotic isolates, and to determine the antibacterial and antifungal activities of ethyl acetate extracts of symbiotic isolates using the diffusion method (disc diffusion Kirby and Bauer) against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and against the Candida albicans fungus. The results obtained 1 ascidian species which was cultured to obtain pure isolates, the pure isolates were tested molecularly and the results showed that the isolate was Aspergillus flavus, then the isolates were grown on rice medium and extracted. The results of the fungal extract showed the presence of antibacterial and antifungal activity against Escherichia coli by 10 mm, Staphylococcus aureus by 19 mm and against the Candida albicans by 13.5 mm. Keywords : Ascidian, Eudistoma sp., Aspergillus flavus, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Symbiotic. Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â AbstrakAscidian merupakan avertebrata laut yang dapat menghasilkan senyawa bioaktif yang seperti antibakteri dan antijamur. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mendapatkan isolat jamur simbion dari ascidian, mendapatkan ekstrak etil asetat dari isolat jamur simbion ascidian, dan menguji aktivitas antibakteri dan antijamur ekstrak etil asetat isolat jamur simbion dengan metode difusi agar (disc diffusion Kirby and Bauer) terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus dan terhadap jamur Candida albicsans. Hasil penelitian didapatkan 1 jenis ascidian yang kemudian dikultur untuk mendapatkan isolat murni, isolat murni diuji secara molekuler dan didapati hasil bahwa isolat tersebut merupakan jamur Aspergillus flavus. Isolat tersebut kemudian ditumbuhkan pada media nasi dan diekstrak. Hasil ekstrak jamur tersebut menunjukkan adanya aktivitas antibakteri dan antijamur terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli sebesar 10 mm, Staphylococcus aureus sebesar 19 mm dan terhadap jamur Candida albicsans 13,5 mm. Kata kunci : Ascidian, Eudistoma sp., Aspergillus flavus, Antibakteri, Antijamur, Simbion
STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS MANGROVE DI DESA BONE BARU, KECAMATAN BANGGAI UTARA, KABUPATEN BANGGAI LAUT, SULAWESI TENGAH
Get PDFMangrove is one of plants that can grow well on the coast which are affected by tides.Bone Baru village is located in North Banggai District, Banggai Laut Regency, Central Sulawesi Province which has area that about 840 ha and has mangrove area reaching 16.56 ha. This research was conducted from February to April 2020. The purpose of this research are to identify the types of mangroves and analyzing the structure of the mangrove community which include density, relative density, frequency, relative frequency, coverarge, relative coverage, importance value index, and diversity index. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Based on the results this study obtained 4 types of mangroves consisting of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, B. cylindrica, Rhizophora mucronata, and Lumnitzera littorea. The highest relative density was 0.13 ind / m2 and the relative density was 91.83% the highest frequency type and the frequency relative value were 5 ind / m2 and 52.63%respectively. The highest mangrove cover was 3.79 m2 with relative cover of 52.21%. The highest important value index was 227.72% . The highest diversity index was found at station 2 with an average value (H ') of 0.69.Keywords: mangrove, community structure, habitat, BanggaiABSTRAKMangrove merupakan kelompok tumbuhan yang dapat tumbuh dengan baik di pesisir pantai yang dipengaruhi oleh pasang surut air laut. Penelitian ini dilakukan di desa Bone Baru, Kecamatan Banggai Utara, Kabupaten Banggai Laut, Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah yang memiliki luas wilayah mencapai 840 ha dan memiliki luas area mangrove mencapai 16,56 ha. Penelitian ini dilakukan dari bulan Februari-April 2020 dengan menggunakan metode Line Transect. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis mangrove dan menganalisa struktur komunitas mangrove Data yang diambil meliputi kerapatan jenis, kerapatan relatif jenis, frekuensi jenis, frekuensi relatif jenis, penutupan jenis, penutupan relatif jenis, indeks nilai penting, dan indeks keanekaragaman yang kemudian di analisa dengan bantuan program komputer Microsoft Excel. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan 4 jenis mangrove yaitu Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Rhizophora mucronata, Lumnitzera littorea dan Bruguiera cylindrica. Kerapatan jenis tertinggi 0,13 ind/m2 dan kerapatan relatifnya 91,83%. Frekuensi jenis tertinggi dengan nilai 5 ind/m2 relatifnya 52,63%, penutupan jenis tertinggi dengan nilai 3,79 m2 dan relatfnya 52,21%, indeks nilai penting tertinggi dengan nilai 227,72% dan Nilai indeks keanekaragaman tertinggi ditemukan pada stasiun 2 dengan nilai ratarata (H’) 0,69.Kata kunci: mangrove, strukture komunitas, habitat, Bangga
ANALISIS STOK KARBON PADA SEDIMEN MANGROVE DI DESA BATURAPA KECAMATAN LOLAK KABUPATEN BOLAANG MONGONDOW
Get PDFPemanasan global adalah salah satu isu di dunia saat ini, bisa dilihat dengan adanya peristiwa tingginya suhu bumi yang terkait langsung dengan gas-gas rumah kaca. Hutan mangrove dilaporkan mampu memitigasi pemanasan global karena kemampuannya menyimpan karbon di biomassa dan sedimen dengan baik. Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui densitas sedimen tanah, presentase karbon organik, densitas karbon dan estimasi simpanan karbon pada sedimen ekosistem mangrove di Desa Baturapa Kecamatan Lolak Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow. Pengambilan sampel sedimen mangrove dilakukan dengan teknik Purpose Sampling dan data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan metode Loss on Ignition. Hasil penelitian menunjukan nilai rata-rata densitas tanah seluruh stasiun yaitu sebesar 0,39 g/cm3 ± 0,04. Nilai rata-rata presentase karbon organik pada seluruh stasiun yaitu sebesar 10,57 C% ± 4,87.Nilai rata-rata kandungan karbon total pada seluruh stasiun yaitu sebesar 398,82 MgC ha-1 ± 14,40. Hutan mangrove mampu menampung kandungan karbon dengan jumlah besar baik di biomassa dan sedimen.Kata Kunci : Analisis Stok Karbon, Sedimen Mangrove, Purpose Sampling, LOI (Loss On Ignition), Desa Baturapa, Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondo
JENIS IKAN LAUT DALAM DI PERAIRAN TELUK MANADO SULAWESI UTARA
Get PDFThe aims of this study was to determine the types of fish in the deep sea ecosystem in the Manado Bay area, and to measure the water quality (temperature and salinity) at the study site. The study began with exploration of deep sea locations in Manado Bay, then determined the location of the station consisting of 3 fishing points determined randomly. Determination of depth using the Fish Finder. The method used in obtaining deep sea fish species is the Jigging technique. This technique uses artificial bait with a base of tin, stainless steel wire and a hologram. Some of the data measured from the research are fish species, morphometrics, and water quality. Based on water quality data (temperature and salinity), the waters of Manado Bay have sea surface temperatures ranging from 28.00C and 29.70C and surface salinity in the waters ranges from 33.19 ppt and 34.67 ppt. The types of deep sea fish obtained were 7 species spread out at station 1 there were 4 species consisting of Brama australis, Thysites atun, Lepidocybium flavobrunneum, Sphyraena barracuda, Gymnosarda unicolor, Carcharodon carcharias, Gempylus serpens. The number of fish recorded from the research is 41 individuals. The most common type found was Thyrsites atun, which consisted of 25 individuals spread out at stations 2 and 3.Keywords: fish in the deep sea, Jigging technique, temperature, salinityÂ
PENENTUAN STRUKTUR MOLEKUL KOLAGEN SISIK IKAN KAKATUA (Scarus sp) BERDASARKAN SERAPAN MOLEKUL TERHADAP GELOMBANG FTIR (FOURIER-TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY ANALYSIS)
Get PDF Parrot fish (Scarus sp) is a commodity which commonly consumed in North Sulawesi. High consumption of this fish has caused the high amount of fish scales as wastes. As parrot fish scales contain protein that could be transformed into commercial products such as collagen. Collagen could be applied in the industrial fields including cosmetics and pharmaceutics.  The purpose of this study was to determine molecular structure of collagen derived from the wet and dry parrot fish (Scarus sp) scales, based on molecular absorption of electromagnetic in the infrared region of the fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.Preparation of collagen of fish scales both in wet and dry forms, was initially performed with pre-treatment of raw materials by maceration in sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution for 48 hours. Then hydrolysis process was conducted in hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution again for 48 hours to remove mineral contents of the scales.  Collagen yield of fish scales in wet and dry forms was 2.23% and 3.00%, respectively, with pH 7, and the respective water content was 13% and 12%. For collagen derived from the wet scales, the functional groups of amide A and B absorb the electromagnetic at infrared region of 3429 cm-1 and 2930 cm-1), respectively. Also amide I, II and III absorb the electromagnetic at infrared region of 1657 cm-1, 1452 cm-1 and 1242 cm-1, respectively. It was comparable to that of collagen derived from the dry scales, the functional groups of amide A and B absorb the electromagnetic at infrared region of 3425 cm-1 and 2910 cm-1), respectively. Also amide I, II and III absorb the electromagnetic at infrared region of 1653 cm-1, 1402 cm-1 and 1244 cm-1, respectively.  The amide  III group of the wet scales derived collagen as well as the dry scales derive collagen absorb the electromagnetics at infrared region in the range of 1309-1229 cm-1 indicating that the fish scale derived collagen has not denatured yet, but still in triple helix structure. Molecular functional groups detected for the parrot fish scales derived collagen are in the range of those for  collagen standard.Keywords : fish scale, Scarus sp, collagen, molecule structure, proximate  AbstrakIkan kakatua (Scarus sp) merupakan salah satu jenis komiditi ikan yang banyak dikonsumsi di Sulawesi Utara. Tingginya konsumsi ikan kakatua berakibat banyaknya limbah kuliner ikan ini berupa sisik ikan. Padahal sisik ikan kakatua mengandung protein yang dapat ditransformasikan menjadi produk samping komersial seperti kolagen. Kolagen dapat diaplikasikan pada bidang industry kosmetik dan farmasika. Tujuan penelitian ini menentukan struktur molekul kolagen dari sisik ikan kakatua (Scarus sp) berdasarkan wilayah serapan gelombang infra red.Preparasi kolagen dari sisik ikan baik dalam bentuk basah maupun kering,  diawali dengan proses pre-treatment bahan baku dengan melakukan perendaman menggunakan larutan NaOH selama 48 jam. Selanjutnya adalah tahap hidrolisis yang dilakukan dengan perendaman sampel menggunakan larutan asam klorida (HCl) selama 48 jam untuk menghilangkan mineral yang ada dalam sisik. Kolagen sisik basah dan sisik kering dari ikan kakatua memiliki nilai rendemen masing-masing sebesar 2.23% dan 3.00%, nilai pH 7 serta kadar air sebesar 13% dan 12%. Pada kolagen sisik basah terdeteksi Amida A mempunyai bilangan gel (3429 cm-1), Amida B (2930 cm-1). Amida I (1657 cm-1), Amida II (1452 cm-1 ) dan Amida III (1242 cm-1), sedangkan pada kolagen sisik kering terdeteksi Amida A mempunyai bilangan gel (3425 cm -1 ), Amida B (2910 cm-1 ). Amida I (1653 cm-1 ), Amida II (1402 cm-1 ) dan Amida III (1244 cm-1). Amida III pada kolagen sisik basah dan kolagen sisik kering terdeteksi pada wilayah serapan 1309-1229 cm-1 hal menandakan bahwa kolagen sisik  ikan kakatua belum terdenaturasi karena masih terdapat struktur triple helix. Gugus fungsional kolagen sisik kering dan kolagen sisik basah dari ikan kakatua memenuhi standar gugus fungsional kolagen standar.Kata kunci : sisik, Scarus sp, kolagen, gugus fungsi, proksima