International Journal of Agricultural Sciences
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Nanoemulsion from Piper aduncum, Cymbopogon nardus, and Bacillus thuringiensis to Control Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. allii
Get PDFThe bacterial species Xanthomonas axonopodis pv allii (Xaa) is an important pathogen causing leaf blight in shallots. The use of botanical pesticides with nanoemulsion formulations has become a common alternative. This study aims to determine the characteristics and optimum concentration of the mixture of essential oil of Piper aduncum and fragrant Cymbopogon nardus waste. Nanoemulsion formulations are made using spontaneous emulsification methods. Besides, testing Bacillus thuringiensis strain MRSNR3.1 and its secondary metabolites toxicity against Xaa was carried out by the diffusion method using paper discs to determine the diameter of the inhibition zone. The results demonstrate that all four concentrations, 1%, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%, could control Xaa bacteria. A concentration of 1% is considered more optimal than the other three  concentrations in bactericidal effects against Xaa, as manifested in the formed clear zone (diameter of 3.17 cm). Besides, Bacillus thuringiensis strain MRSNR3.1 and its secondary metabolites were also effective againstXaa after four days of incubation with inhibition zones of 3.04 ± 0.44and 2.21 ± 0.28, respectively. Hence, it is concluded that nanoemulsion at 1% concentration and Bacillus thuringiensis strain MRSNR3.1 have bactericidal properties that can be used to control Xa
Effect of Rice Milling on Their Polyphenol, Protein Content and Antioxidant Activity
Get PDFThe phenolic compound is the main source of antioxidants that reduces the incidence of chronic diseases such as heart disease, blood cholesterol, blood pressure, diabetes, etc. This experiment aimed to investigate the effect of the three milling processes of rice (dehusking, auto, and polishing) on polyphenol content with their antioxidant activity and nutritional profile. The polyphenol content was determined according to the Folin Ciocalteu method. Polishing rice contained a maximum phenolic compound (36.28 ± 0.73mg/g of extract) that was statistically different from other milling rice (p<0.05). Polishing rice contained the highest amount of protein (262.69 ± 0.38mg/g extract), whereas auto rice contained the highest amount of free amino acid content (14.06 ± 0.46mg/g extract) and total sugar content (1312.29 ± 2.28mg/g extract). Reducing sugar content was statistically similar to all milling rice. Antioxidant activity was comparatively assessed by ABTS (2, 2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) free radical decolorization assay method. It was investigated that polishing rice showed strong free radical scavenging capacity by ABTS radical. It is concluded that polishing rice can be used as a functional ingredient with high polyphenol and protein content with strong antioxidant activity
The Synergy of Military and Civil Society in High-Value Timber Production: Developing Forest Institutions Above the Ruins of Conflict
Get PDFMaluku is a province in eastern Indonesia that has experienced prolonged conflict due to racial and sectarian issues. This conflict can be resolved when the state through the military changes its approach from security to prosperity. With the synergy of the military and civil society as the basic foundation of the Green Gold program, Maluku has transformed into a producer of high-value timber such as agarwood (Aquilaria Malaccensis) and sandalwood (Santalum Album) from their production forests. This research aims to analyze the institutional governance of production forests in Maluku using the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework as an analytical tool. To analyze the above phenomenon, this research used a descriptive qualitative approach with data collected from interviews and literature studies. The research results showed that: First, in terms of Attributes of the Resource, it was found that basically local users have managed the production forest resources quite well, but they still have a high dependence on military assistance. Second, in terms of Attributes of the Users, it was found that the community has a high sense of belonging to the forest. There is an assumption that if they do not manage the forest well, it will be difficult for them to escape from conflict. Therefore, in order to realize community self-government over the forest, the military gradually reduced its role
Melothria scabra [Naudin] Provides New Opportunities for Agronomic Research
Get PDFThis manuscript attempts to bringMelothria scabra[Naudin] to the attention of agronomic researchers as an increasingly popularand economically important crop and to identify gaps in research that should beinvestigatedwithfuturestudies.Allrelevantpeerreviewedpublications were examined in this study, with 79% of the studies published since 2000 c.e., while the remainder of the studies provide historical context.Major gaps in the research involvingM. scabraoffers a new frontier in agronomic studies, and will increase agronomist’s knowledge of this uniquely meso-American crop species. In conclusion,M. scabrais an understudied crop with world-widecultivation, and offers many opportunities foragronomists to research the genetics, physiology, and morphology of this small melo
The Satisfaction of Tourists on Community-based Tourism in My Hoa Hung, Vietnam
No full textThe research was conducted to assess the satisfaction of tourists with local community-based tourism services in the My Hoa Hung (MHH) commune in Long Xuyen, An Giang, Vietnam. The research findings will be the scientific and practical basis for effective and sustainable tourism development in MHH. A mixed-method of qualitative and quantitative is used in this study. Tourist local officers and tourist providers were interviewed as key informants. Such samples of domestic and foreign tourists were interviewed using a questionnaire survey to collect and analyze the tourists' satisfaction with tourism services. The result shows that tourists visiting MHH come from different regions and countries, from different age groups, and occupations, so their needs and satisfaction with MHH's community-based tourism services are also very diverse. The study uncovers that tourists are most satisfied with the human factor, especially the enthusiasm attitude of the tourist service provider (reaching 4.07 points), and then environmental landscape (3.90 points), infrastructure (3.90 points), price (3.80 points), and the lowest security- safety factor (3.73 points). However, in each factor, there are still a number of criteria that tourists are not satisfied with, which should be paid attention to for sustainable tourism development, such as environmental sanitation, traffic safety, and English communication ability of tourists' service providers
Responses of Growth and Grain Yield of IR50404 Rice to Temperature Stress
Get PDFClimate changes, rising warmth, drought, and CO2, are now seriously influencing agriculture. In this study, four separate greenhouses (labeled GH1, GH2, GH3, and GH4) were built with plastic roofs and walls, except GH1, which had three walls with mesh to evaluate the impact of temperature stress on growth, biomass, and yield of rice variety IR50404 under different temperature regimes. The control treatment group was grown ambient, next to these greenhouses. GH1, GH2, GH3, and GH4’s temperatures were from 0.9 oC to 3.1 oC higher than the ambient (as control). Carbon dioxide concentrations in GH2, GH3, and GH4 were recorded higher than the ambient, from 34.1 ppm to 48.2 ppm. Total vegetative dry matter was reduced from 15.9% to 20.5%, while grain yield declined from 20.8% to 24.6% when the mean temperature increased from 2.9 oC to 3.1 oC. High temperature or a combination of high-temperature stress with elevated CO2 concentration reduced the grain yield and total vegetative dry matter
Comparative Analysis of Rice Farming using Combine-Harvester and Thresher in Kenagarian Kambang Barat, Lengayang Sub-District, Pesisir Selatan District
Get PDFThe rice harvesting process has progressed a lot. Farmers used to harvest simply using a sickle and a simple thresher machine, while nowadays, they are using the latest harvest machine, called Combine Harvester. Technological developments should enable farmers to gain more significant benefits, such as higher production, a shorter processing time for harvesting, and lower costs incurred during harvesting. This study aims to describe the characteristics of farmers who use Combine Harvester technology and farmers who use Thresher harvesting technology. This study also compares the costs of rice harvesting and production of both farmers in lowland rice farming in Kenagarian Kambang Barat, Lengayang Sub-District, Pesisir Selatan District. The farmers sampling chose as many as 30 farmers purposively for each of those using a Combine Harvester and Thresher, so the total number of farmers to be interviewed was 60. The data analysis method used in this study is the analysis of the average difference test of the independent sample Z-test model. The research finds that farmers' main reasons for using the Combine Harvester were faster harvesting times and less labor. While the main reason for farmers using the Thresher was that its cost is considered the same if using a Combine Harvester machine. Moreover, the research indicates a significant difference in the cost of harvesting and producing rice using both harvesting machines. The harvesting cost of the Combine Harvester was lower than Thresher, which was Rp. 3,543,149 and Rp. 4,385,543 respectively. The difference in harvesting cost of these two harvesting machines was Rp. 842,394. Furthermore, the rice production using the Combine Harvester is higher than the thresher harvesting machine, which was 5,312 Kg/Ha/MT and 5,089 Kg/Ha/MT, respectively, with a difference of223 k
Factors Affecting the Agricultural Restructuration: A Case of Cham Community in Chau Phu District, An Giang Province, Vietnam
Get PDFThe national policy of agricultural restructuring plays a vital role in adapting to climate change's effects and economic development in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. Unproductive areas have been converted into other crops with higher efficiency. Drawn by the sustainable livelihoods approach, this article explores the current situation and factors challenging the Cham community in implementing the agricultural restructuring. The mixed method included in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and a questionnaire survey. The results showed that the Xuong Com Vang longan (Dimocarpus longan) variety has occurred in Khanh Hoa commune for a long time as an indigenous fruit tree of this area. In terms of the farming system, the polyculture system combining fruit trees and upland crops brought more income sources than the monoculture system. The asset abilities of the Cham farmers are various from one to the others. Soil and weather conditions are appropriate for planting. But farm size is small, which is one of the difficulties of developing fruit areas. Human and social assets were good since farmers had enough knowledge to manage the gardens, and a close connection existed among the Cham community. It was not a case of the financial status since a lot of money needs to be invested in the starting year. Therefore, the private loan still exists as one of the farmer's choices. For better future development, land management and financial resource should be considered for better agricultural restructuring aims. To increase farmers' incomes, create production chains helping enterprises and farmers work more efficiently for the better life of Cham gardeners in An Giang province in Vietnam
The Effectiveness of Village Funds for Community Empowerment Program
No full textThis study aims to analyze the effectiveness of community empowerment using village funds in developed and developing villages. This research employed a survey method on multiple case studies involving 70 respondents. Data were analyzed using a quantitative approach. The results showed that the effectiveness of community empowerment program is more effective in the developed village. The variables of community awareness, participation, independence, and income have a positive and significant effect on the effectiveness of the community empowerment program
Financial Feasibility of Arabica Coffee Plantation Business Through Partnership Pattern in Solok Regency, West Sumatra
Get PDFLembah Gumanti District has the largest area of Arabica coffee in Solok Regency, with a production of 2588.8 tons in 2019. Some problems farmers face in developing Arabika coffee farming include a lack of knowledge of cultivation techniques and low selling price of coffee (cherry) beans at the farm gate. The Solok Radjo Cooperative emerged to solve farmers' problems and is willing to help develop Arabica coffee plantations in partnership. This study aims to: (1) describe the implementation of partnerships in Arabica coffee farming and (2) analyze the feasibility of arabica coffee farming with partnership pattern. A survey method was used involving 40 sample farmers selected using simple random sampling. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively to determine the implementation and benefits obtained by the partnering parties (farmers and Solok Radjo Cooperative). Quantitative analysis is intended to determine the financial feasibility of developing Arabica coffee with a partnership pattern. In the partnership system, the Solok Radjo Cooperative provides farmers assistance to use superior seeds, socialization of Arabica coffee cultivation and harvesting techniques, and willingness to buy coffee beans (cherry) from farmers with higher prices than local collectors. The benefit obtained by the Solok Radjo Cooperative is the guaranteed supply of Arabica coffee production with better quality. Arabica coffee plantation business through this partnership is feasible with a Net BC ratio of 2.43