International Journal of Agricultural Sciences
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CALLI INDUCTION OF SOME CHILI PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L.) GENOTYPES AS MATERIAL FOR GENETIC TRANSFORMATION
Get PDFCalli is one of the materials used for genetic transformation. Studies on calli induction in some pepper genotypes were conducted in the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University, Padang. This study aimed to obtain calli which can be used as material for genetic transformation. We used three genotypes of chili (Kopay, Kampung and Trisula). Explants were derived from first leaf, cotyledon, epycotyl and hypocotyl obtained from 24 days old chili germination. The study found that all the explants were able to produced calli. From 17 combinations of medium, the two combinations that produced 100% calli were MS + BAP + IAA + L2 vitamin and MS + 2,4 D. Mediums that can produce organogenic calli were MS + BAP 4 mg / L, IAA 0.5 mg / L, L2 vitamin ( Pyridoxin hydroklorit 0.5 g / L Â and Thiamin hydroklorit 0.1 mg / L). The colour of calli produced were yellowish green and compact. The study also found that structures develop with a globular phase, followed by a heart shape, torpedo, cotyledonary and eventually form buds. While MS + 2.4 D 4 mg / L produced yellowish white calli and crumb, it could not grow organogenic calli
The Effect of Import Tariff Policy on Indonesian Soybean Consumption and Production
Get PDFThis study aims to determine the factors affecting consumption and production of national soybean and the effect of soybean import tariff on domestic soybeanconsumption and production. This research was conducted in March - April 2017. The data used in this study is a secondary data in form of annual with a time series of 30 years ranged from 1986-2015. The result shows that the import quantity of soybean is affected by the variable of exchange rate; soybean consumption and import tariff. The price of imported soybean and exchange rate significantly affect domestic soybean price. While domestic soybean price and population significantly influence soybean consumption where a soybean productivity is highly responsive to wage rates. The simulation result shows that the quantity of imported soybean and soybean consumption increase with the tariff exemption (T = 0%) compared to condition when it is applied. Whereas, the domestic soybean price decreases at the exemption of tariffs compared to a condition when it is applied. Our study revealsthat the application of tariffs had no effect on soybean production and productivity.The result of forecasting without alternative tariff imports, which has been analysedduring the next 7 years, shows that in the next few years, Indonesia will not be able to achieve the self-sufficiency of soybeans
How far climate change affects the Indonesian paddy production and rice price volatility?
Get PDFFood security issue after 2008 global-crisis is something relate with the climate change phenomenon which had worsened on the last few decades. The impact of global climate change can be seen from the fluctuation of main crops production yield in tropical countries. This has affected the food price fluctuations particularly on the grain price, both international and domestic markets. The rice-commodity, known for its thin market characteristics, is now also experiencing the fluctuation of production, its productivity and also the rice price. Considering the importance of rice as the main staple food in Indonesia, the purpose of this research is to identify the Indonesia’s rice price fluctuation (volatility) and to investigate how far climate change affects the Indonesian paddy production and rice price volatility. By applying monthly time-series data from 2007 to 2014, this research used ARCH-GARCH methods to find out the rice price volatility and VECM (Vector Error Correction Model) to investigate the impact of climate change phenomenon on the Indonesian paddy production, as well as rice price volatility both in the short-run and long-run. The result is important for the stakeholders and government in preventing the risk and uncertainty condition of paddy production and rice price fluctuation caused by climate chang
Fishermen’s Behavior of Multi Ethnic Community in Adapting Climate Change in Small Island
Get PDFIn a development perspective, small islands have limited economic access and opportunities, especially related to the economics of scale. Furthermore, the common problem such as climate change impact requires appropriate behavior of local inhabitant in order to survive in gaining to the economic access. Multi-ethnic society has different socio-cultural background that implies special characteristics and strategies to overcome climate change impacts. This study was conducted in Masalembu Island which consist of Madurese, Mandar, Bugis and Javanese ethnic. The aims of this study are to describe negative impact of climate change to the fisherman and to describe fisherman’s behavior for adapting climate changes. Theanalysis method is mixed method between the descriptive quantitative and qualitative analysis. The results show climate change causes fluctuating fish production, extending fishing ground to be more off-shore, uncertainty schedule for fishing and invasion from outer fisherman. Meanwhile, fishermen's behavior in overcoming the impacts of climate change consist of active response by Group of Fishermen, apply autonomous adaptation and apply adaptation behavior technologically, sociologically and regulatory. Based on these results, it is necessary to improve planned adaptation trough aquaculture, applying modern but friendlytechnology fishing gear and enhancing participation as well as cooperation among fisherman without ethnic consideration
Tales from long ago and why we need them to secure a resilient today
No full textWe live in the Anthropocene, at a time when the human footprint is at its most pronounced. In the process ofrapid urbanization, that characterizes today's age, many ecological commons with complex histories ofgovernance and stewardships are reimagined in keeping with prevailing notions of their utility. This redefining of acommon often occurs in exclusion of former social and cultural relationships built around the resource leading toentire communities being disconnected from it. The resultant loss of perceived value can enhance vulnerability tothreats including a loss of its identity as an ecological common. In this paper, we use the case of a former lake (Sampangi lake) within the south Indian city of Bengaluru toillustrate what makes understanding the past so important when it comes to management of urban ecologicalcommons. The Sampangi lake, now a major sports stadium of the city, was once an important ecological, social,and cultural resource. Besides being an indispensable water source to the city up until the mid-19th century, thelake also supported various other forms of provisioning and cultural ecosystem services – ranging across servingdomestic purposes, livelihoods, and belief systems. How then did this lake fade into obscurity and eventualoblivion in the intervening years, and more importantly, what happened to the people who once had strong ties withthe resource? Do events of long ago resonate even today and if so, how do they still speak to us? In order to answer these questions, we combine landscape change analysis through geospatial methodsalong with official archival records and oral narratives to unravel the story of change and its impacts on this urbancommon. We examine different changing notions of the utility of this lake pictured against a backdrop of rapidurbanization, migration, and landscape change. We relate this historical picture with contemporary trends in lakemanagement to draw a parallel. In so doing, we demonstrate that obtaining knowledge about the history of aresource, the history of its use, the various stakeholders accessing it, and the various conflicts it witnessed can helpprevent exclusionary histories, alienation of communities, and encourage citizen stewardship of the resource. Thiscan further shape more equitable, ecologically robust policy frameworks aimed at enhancing social and ecologicalresilience and therefore longevity of the resource
INCREASED YIELD AND NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF KUMPAI GRASS (Hymenachne amplexicaulis (Rudge) Nees.) WITH ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AND ORGANIC FERTILIZER IN RED-YELLOW PODZOLIC SOIL
Get PDFArbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) can help plants by improving the uptake of low P availability acidsoils. Organic fertilizers can effect the physical, chemical and biological soil. The purpose of this research is tostudy and determine the effect of AMF and organic fertilizer on increasing yield and nutritional value of kumpaigrass in red-yellow podzolic acid soils. The study design used a completely randomized 5 x 3 factorial pattern andrepeat three times. Two factors as treatment: AMF and organic fertilizer. AMF usage consisted of three levels:control (0 g/pot), AMF (10 g/pot) and AMF (20 g/pot). The organic fertilizer usage consisteds of five levels:control (0 %), manure (50 %), manure (100 %), compost (50 %) and compost (100 %). Variables measuredincluded the width of leaves, plant length, number of tillers, the yield of forage dry matter, crude protein,phosphorus, dry matter and organic matter digestibility. The results showed that the AMF and organic fertilizer hada highly significant (P<0.01) effect for all observed variables. The interaction AMF and organic fertilizers hadsignificant effect on crude protein, phosphorus and organic matter digestibility
The estimation of GHG emissions for hotels in Asian Institute of Technology and Chiang Mai Hill 2000, Thailand
Get PDFIn the tourism sector, hotel industry is one of the most important sub-sector. This hotel industry emits greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions mainly carbon dioxide (CO2) by consuming large amount of energy, water, and non-renewable resources in service operation everyday on basis. This paper presents results of analysis how much does the GHG emissions release in hotel. The Asian Institute of Technology Conference Center and Chiang Mai Hill 2000, Chiang Mai, Thailand have successfully estimated GHG emissions by using Bilan Carbone® tool. The mitigation options are to encourage low carbon dioxide hotels. The data collection was done by questionnaires, interviews, and observations in both of them hotels. The results of annual GHG emissions contributor both Chiang Mai Hill 2000 as 3,844 t CO2 and at AITCC about 1,011 t CO2. Energy use is a major emission contributor followed by travel, property, input material, waste generated, and freight. Higher number of guests/tourists flow, effected higher used of facilities such as electricity, air conditioning, lighting, and food & beverage. Larger size hotel service quality, greater guest room service, wide range of building area, greater facilities, and large functional are consumed higher energy and materials. As well as, the higher rate of room turning can also increase of emissions. Moreover, Chiang Mai Hill 2000 tends to take transportation which have longer distance than AITCC. Therefore, increasing higher journal distance generated higher GHG emissions as well. The short term and long term mitigation plans can also be taken into consideration to reduce GHG emissions. The recommendation of short term mitigation plans can be applied directly in both hotels thus, increasing awareness about climate change and energy conservation among uses. The long term mitigation plans recommends to give “Green Hotel†award to successful hotels for reducing GHG emissions in hotel. These plans can be incorporated the Thailand’s government policy to reduce the impacts of climate change to the hotel industry.Â
SCREENING OF RHIZOBACTERIA FROM ONION RHIZOSPHERE CAN INDUCE SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE TO BACTERIAL LEAF BLIGHT DISEASE ON ONION PLANTS
Get PDFIn modern cultivation processes indiscriminate use of pesticides and fertilizers, has led to substantialpollution of soil, air and water. So, there is an urgent need to solve the problem. Rhizobacteria are bacteria thatcolonize plant roots, and these bacteria are known to stimulate growth and thereby reduce incidence of plantdisease by direct and indirect mechanisms. A total of 136 rhizobacteria isolates were isolated from differentrhizosphere soils in central areas of production of onions in Indonesia. These isolates were screened for theircapability to enhance growth and protect onions against bacterial leaf blight disease-caused by Xanthomonasaxonopodis pv.allii. The results showed that ten isolates can enhance growth and protect onions against bacterialleaf blight diseases. Five isolates were isolated from West Sumatra, four isolates from Java and one isolated from North Sumatra. All isolates produced indol-3-acetic acid with different concentrations. Molecular identification of ten isolates belong to Bacillus sp, Pseudomonas sp, Stenotrophomonas sp and Serratia sp