92516 research outputs found
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Intraocular pressure responses during maximal and submaximal handgrip strength tasks in primary openangle glaucoma patients and healthy individuals
No full textBackground: This study aimed to compare intraocular pressure (IOP) responses
during isometric handgrip strength tasks between primary open-angle glaucoma
patients and healthy individuals.
Methods: Forty older adults participated: 21 glaucoma patients and 19 controls. Participants randomly performed four trials at two intensities, maximal and submaximal (at
50% of self-perceived maximal effort), with two trials per hand (one for the left eye and
one for the right eye). IOP was measured immediately before exercise, during exercise,
and 5 seconds post-recovery. A four-factor mixed ANOVA was used to analyze IOP
responses, with task intensity and time of measurement as within-subject factors, and
group (glaucoma vs. control) and sex as the between-subjects factors.
Results: IOP responses were comparable between glaucoma patients and healthy
individuals, as the main effect of group (p = 0.117) and its interactions did not
reach statistical significance. The main effect of time reached statistical significance
(p = 0.016) due to greater IOP values during the task (17.3 ± 3.7 mmHg) compared
to pre-exercise (16.3 ± 3.2 mmHg: p < 0.001), but post-exercise IOP (16.9 ± 4.1
mmHg) was not significantly different from pre-exercise (p = 0.334) or during exercise
(p = 0.727). Greater IOP values were observed for the maximal task compared to the
submaximal task (p = 0.001), with no differences between men and women (p = 0.699).
Conclusion: Submaximal isometric strength training is a safe option for glaucoma
patients treated with hypotensive eye drops
ADAPTACIÓN DE LENTES DE CONTACTO ESPECIALES EN LA NUEVA UNIDAD UNIVERSITARIA DE OPTOMETRÍA
No full textThe project “Fitting of Special Contact Lenses in the New University Optometry Unit” aimed to enhance clinical training in Optometry at the University of Granada by establishing a dedicated Contact Lens Unit within the new University Optometry and Vision Clinic. This initiative responded to the need for greater clinical exposure and specialization in fitting rigid gas-permeable and other advanced contact lenses for irregular corneas or myopia control.
A unified clinical protocol for contact lens adaptation was designed, based on the CLEAR evidence-based guidelines of the British Contact Lens Association. Faculty training sessions and student workshops were organized in collaboration with industry partners, focusing on orthokeratology, scleral, and specialty soft lenses. Advanced equipment and trial sets—including Orto-K, scleral lenses and soft lenses, as well as artificial eyes for simulation—were acquired and integrated into teaching.
The project’s implementation allowed students to conduct practical sessions within the university clinic, strengthening their professional competencies through hands-on learning in a real clinical setting. Despite administrative delays preventing the clinic from serving the general public, all educational goals were largely achieved.
Quantitative outcomes included one standardized protocol, six trial sets, five training sessions, and participation of 60 students. Qualitatively, the project fostered technological innovation, interdisciplinary collaboration, and stronger university–industry links. Future improvements involve expanding clinical authorization, enhancing logistical coordination, and integrating continuous feedback systems to ensure sustainable innovation in optometric education
Life cycle assessment of digital memories: The memristor’s environmental footprint
No full textMemristor technologies, pivotal in the evolution of energy-efficient digital devices, have the potential to revolutionize fields like non-volatile memories, hardware cryptography, neuromorphic computing and artificial intelligence acceleration. This study applies Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology to analyse the environmental impact of five memristor designs, focusing on materials and manufacturing processes. The analysis adheres to ISO 14040–44 standards and employs the ReCiPe methodology to evaluate 18 environmental impact categories, emphasizing categories such as freshwater ecotoxicity and global warming potential. The results highlight significant variations in environmental impacts across the designs, largely attributed to differences in active layer materials and manufacturing processes. Molybdenum exhibits the highest impact, particularly in freshwater ecotoxicity, while SiO₂ demonstrates the lowest overall impact. Manufacturing processes like sputtering and photolithography carried out at laboratory scale contribute disproportionately to energy consumption and environmental damage, suggesting that upscaling production to industrial efficiencies is mandatory to mitigate these impacts. Furthermore, several materials required for memristor fabrication are listed as critical by the International Energy Agency (IEA), raising concerns about supply security, resource scarcity and environmental sustainability. This analysis serves as a foundational step for optimizing memristor technologies, balancing performance demands with environmental stewardship. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive Life Cycle Assessment that compares multiple memristor architectures using real laboratory data and evaluates their environmental impacts. This work provides a methodological foundation for future sustainability assessments in the context of emerging memory technologies.Agencia Estatal de Investigación – Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación - European Union, NextGeneration (TED2021-132368B-C21, PID2022-139586NB-C44, TED2021-132368A-C22
Manipulations of perceived economic inequality: A systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textIn recent years, there has been an exponential growth of research investigating the psychological consequences of economic inequality. More and more experimental manipulations of economic inequality have been used, allowing researchers to infer the causal effects of inequality on a wide range of psychosocial variables. We conducted a systematic review of research that has manipulated perceived economic inequality, followed by a meta-analysis examining (a) the effectiveness of different perceived economic inequality manipulations and (b) their impact on the different outcomes studied (e.g., descriptive norms). In total, 60 studies were included in the meta-analysis, with an average of 141 participants per group (total of 31,637 participants). The metaanalytic results showed that experimental manipulations affected inequality perceptions, yet there is large variability in their effectiveness. Although the type of paradigm used and characteristics of the manipulations accounted for some of this heterogeneity, much remains unexplained. Moreover, experimental manipulations of perceived economic inequality mostly influenced descriptive norms and perceptions followed, in order, by
stereotypes, belief systems, motivations/values, causal attributions, and social/economic comparison. We discuss the implications of our findings and offer advice for researchers using paradigms to manipulate economic inequality.PID2023-151771NAI00 y PID2022-140252NB-I00 MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033Universidad de Costa Rica (723-C4-004)Centro de Estudios de Conflicto y Cohesión Social (COES -ANID/FONDAP/1523A0005
Physiological characterization of asparagus decline syndrome
No full textFunding for open access publishing: Universidad de Granada/CBUA. This work has been developed within the project RTA2015-00008-C02, with INIA and ERDF 2014–2020 funding, in the Intelligent Growth Operational Program, and by a 2017 grant awarded to FJLM for pre-doctoral contracts for the training of doctors contemplated in the State Training Subprogram of the State Program for the Promotion of Talent and its Employability, at the IFAPA. Grant number [BES-2017–080123]. Co-financed by the ESF.
University of Granada (UGR) and the Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA) for their invaluable support.Background and aims
Asparagus Decline Syndrome (ADS) threatens the sustainability and productivity of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) cultivation. This study aimed to characterize the physiological responses of asparagus plants to ADS, focusing on oxidative metabolism, hormonal regulation, and phenolic compounds profiles to understand the underlying mechanisms and inform management strategies.
Methods
A field trial was conducted in the south of Spain comparing asparagus plants grown in soil from a plot previously affected by the ADS with a control soil (not affected). The key parameters assessed included biomass and oxidative stress indicators, phytohormone and phenolic compounds profiles in the root and shoot, and the soil phenolic compounds.
Results
ADS-affected plants exhibited lower fresh and dry weight and volume, and elevated oxidative stress, as evidenced by increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 levels, along with enhanced activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Hormonal analysis revealed higher concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid, alongside a concurrent reduction in indoleacetic, suggesting a stress-induced response likely contributing to growth inhibition. Furthermore, the depletion of caffeic acid in roots, alterations in flavonoid profiles in shoot tissues, and increased PPO activity were observed, potentially worsening oxidative stress and depleting antioxidant reserves. Finally, ferulic acid derivatives in the soil were identified as potential allelopathic compounds.
Conclusion
These findings highlight the complexity of ADS and underscore the importance of integrated management strategies, including soil health management, resistant varieties selection, and targeted modulation of plant physiological responses to mitigate the impacts of ADS on asparagus production.Universidad de Granada/CBUA.RTA2015-00008-C02, INIA and ERDF 2014–2020State Program for the Promotion of Talent and its Employability, IFAPAGrant number [BES-2017–080123]ES
Aplicación de Inteligencia Artificial Neuro-Simbólica para Procesos de Decisión Secuencial
No full textTesis Univ. Granada.Andalusian Regional predoctoral grant no. 21-111-PREDOC-0039Spanish MINECO R&D Project [RTI2018-098460-B-I00]EU FEDER FundsGrant PID2022-142976OB-I00, funded by MICIU/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033ERDF/EUESF Investing in your futur
Calidad de vida - Glosario Audiovisual Crítico Sobre Bioética Y Final De La Vida
No full textLa calidad de vida se refiere a la percepción individual del bienestar físico, mental, social y económico, y abarca no solo aspectos médicos, sino también la experiencia humana, expectativas y capacidad para alcanzar los objetivos personales. Este concepto está vinculado a la dignidad y autonomía de la persona. Los ejemplos de calidad de vida incluyen situaciones donde, pese a enfermedades crónicas, el individuo mantiene su independencia y bienestar emocional. Sin embargo, la calidad de vida genera controversias, especialmente en contextos de enfermedades graves, y plantea dilemas éticos en su aplicación, como en la eutanasia.Quality of life refers to an individual’s perception of their physical, mental, social, and economic well-being, encompassing not only medical aspects but also human experience, expectations, and the ability to pursue personal goals. The concept is closely tied to dignity and autonomy. Examples include individuals who, despite chronic illness, maintain independence and emotional well-being. However, the concept of quality of life has sparked controversy, particularly in the context of severe illness, raising ethical dilemmas in its application, such as in euthanasia.Proyecto de Innovación Docente 24-192. Vicerrectorado de Calidad, Innovación Docente y Estudios de GradoÁrea de diseño y producción multimedia. Centro de Producción de Recursos para la Universidad Digital (CEPRUD
Masturbation parameters: their relation to sexual arousal in young people who engage in same-sex relationships
No full textBackground: Interest in masturbation in sexual orientation and gender diversity
research are rather limited. Extending this research field to include this type
of population by considering different masturbation parameters is necessary.
In this respect, various masturbation parameters (i.e., negative attitudes toward
masturbation, solitary sexual desire, current masturbation frequency, subjective
orgasm experience) were validated in a laboratory study with different measures
of sexual arousal in persons who engage in same-sex relationships.
Aim: Our main aim was to provide evidence to support the validity of the
different masturbation parameters in young people who engage in same-sex
relationships. The association between masturbation parameters and various
sexual arousal measures (genital response, rating of sexual arousal and rating of
genital sensations) was analyzed.
Methods: During a lab task, 72 young adults who engaged in same-sex
relationships (36 women, 36 men; age range: 18–32 years) watched contentneutral
and sexually explicit films. They included scenes of self-exploration and
solitary masturbation behaviors performed by individuals of the same sex as
the participants. Negative attitudes toward masturbation, solitary sexual desire,
current masturbation frequency, dimensions of subjective orgasm experience
in the solitary masturbation context (i.e., affective, sensory, intimacy, rewards),
propensity for sexual excitation, genital response (i.e., penile circumference and
vaginal pulse amplitude), rating of sexual arousal and rating of genital sensations
were assessed. Regression models were conducted to explain the arousal
measures with masturbation parameters.
Results: In women, the intimacy dimension of the subjective orgasm experience
in masturbation (β = 0.42, p = 0.007) and solitary sexual desire (β = 0.32,
p = 0.040) predicted the rating of sexual arousal by explaining 24.1% of its
variance. Conversely for men, the rewards dimension of the subjective orgasm
experience in masturbation (β = 0.40, p = 0.016) significantly predicted genital
response and explained 13.4% of its variance.
Conclusion: Our findings validate some examined masturbation parameters
(specifically solitary sexual desire and subjective orgasm experience) in young
adults who engage in same-sex relationships. Gender differences in the
masturbation parameters were observed for the relevance of these masturbation
parameters for explaining sexual arousal. These findings support the relation
between masturbation and sexual function.Grant Ref. PREDOC_00289 funded by the Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades (Junta de Andalucía)Grant CEX2023-001312-M, funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/50110001103
A verbo-tonal approach to the acquisition of rhythm in L2 French through gestures
No full textThis study investigates how Spanish-speaking learners of French can improve rhythm acquisition through the verbo-tonal method (VTM) with pedagogical gestures in oral production tasks. Indeed, French and Spanish differ in the position, domain and function of the primary stress (in French, the primary stress is fixed, oxytone, has a demarcative function and affects the rhythmic group, whereas in Spanish, the lexical stress is free, mostly paroxytone, has a distinctive function and affects the word). The research demonstrates the effectiveness of gestures in helping learners overcome prosodic challenges caused by differences in stress patterns between Spanish and French. Using a two-phase experimental design, the study analyzed acoustic data to compare the rhythmic production of learners with a native French speaker. The corpus chosen was taken from a contemporary French play (Grumberg 2013). The participants were a native French speaker and three Spanish-speaking learners of French. The study was structured in two phases, with a clear distinction in terms of tasks and presentation of the input (Phase I: phonic/listening; Phase II: listening + gestural). Phase I consisted of recording the participants after listening to the whole fragment. After diagnosing the prosodic deviations from the model, Phase II consisted of recording the productions with the facilitating gestural proposal. The acoustic parameter analysed was the mean syllable duration of stressed syllables (primary stress) and unstressed syllables. The results show that for primary stress, the pedagogical gesture effectively attenuated the latency of the typical Spanish trochaic rhythm.
The findings indicate that gestural inputs significantly enhance prosodic accuracy compared to auditory input alone, which is a helpful tool to be used in the classroom in order to make students aware of the specific rhythmic characteristics of French
Culturomics, analítica cultural y cultumetría: Aplicaciones básicas con NGram & Wikipedia
No full textEl curso aborda dos herramientas digitales abiertas y gratuitas fundamentales en el ámbito de la investigación digital: Google Books Ngram Viewer y los paquetes de análisis de estadísticas de Wikipedia. Mediante estos recursos, se propone introducir y enseñar a utilizar dichas plataformas para rastrear la evolución del lenguaje, así como la evolución e impacto de diversas tendencias culturales, la popularidad y atención que reciben determinados temas académicos o populares. Se busca responder a múltiples preguntas de investigación mediante el análisis cuantitativo de grandes volúmenes de datos textuales, adoptando marcos teóricos como la culturonomía, la analítica cultural y la cultumetría. En resumen, este curso ofrece una inmersión en el uso de herramientas digitales para el análisis textual y cultural, destacando su relevancia en la investigación contemporánea y en la comprensión de las dinámicas culturales a lo largo del tiempo