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Tratamiento del Alzheimer temprano con Anticuerpos Monoclonales frente a métodos convencionales. Una revisión narrativa
No full textLa enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) es el trastorno neurodegenerativo asociado a la demencia más frecuente en pacientes de edad avanzada. La EA se caracteriza por el depósito extracelular de fibrillas de β-amiloide (Aβ) y la formación de ovillos de proteínas Tau hiperfosforiladas en el citoplasma de las neuronas. Estos mecanismos tienen un efecto neurotóxico causante de la degeneración del SNC. A lo largo de la historia, los tratamientos convencionales la EA se han centrado en paliar los síntomas de la enfermedad. Entre ellos destacamos los Inhibidores de la Acetil Colinesterasa (IAChE) y bloqueadores del Ácido N-meti-D-Aspártico (antagonistas de NMDA), o incluso terapias no farmacológicas centradas en el ejercicio, la interacción social o la música, entre otros. No obstante, se está investigando la posibilidad de crear un fármaco que verdaderamente cure la enfermedad. El uso de anticuerpos monoclonales (AcMo) como tratamiento para la EA ha supuesto un nuevo paradigma, abriendo una prometedora línea de investigación. Estos AcMo se unen a las proteínas patogénicas de la EA para su eliminación por parte del sistema inmune. Algunos AcMo, como el lecanemab, han tenido éxito en la lucha contra la demencia relacionada con la EA. Sin embargo, la EA sigue careciendo de una estrategia de tratamiento eficaz para el control de los síntomas, no existiendo una cura definitiva de la enfermedad. La alta prevalencia de efectos secundarios consecuencia de los AcMo, ha supuesto controversia a la hora de comercializarlos, aunque no sean graves en su mayoría. Los más comunes son las anomalías de imagen relacionadas con los amiloides (ARIA), en forma de edemas (ARIA-E) o microhemorragias (ARIA-H), causadas principalmente por la reacción inflamatoria. Se concluye que resulta conveniente la combinación de distintas terapias para retrasar la progresión de la EA. Sin embargo, se necesita más investigación para desvelar los efectos de los AcMo a largo plazo y para el desarrollo de nuevos tratamientos dirigidos que puedan tratar la EA y sus síntomas con mayor efectividad.Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder associated with dementia in elderly patients. AD is characterized by the extracellular deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) fibrils and the formation of tangles of hyperphosphorylated Tau proteins in the cytoplasm of neurons. These mechanisms have a neurotoxic effect causing CNS degeneration. Throughout history, conventional treatments for AD have focused on alleviating the symptoms of the disease. These include acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEI) and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid blockers (NMDA antagonists), or even non-pharmacological therapies focused on exercise, social interaction or music, among others. However, the possibility of creating a drug that truly cures the disease is being investigated. The use of monoclonal antibodies (MAB) as a treatment for AD has been a new paradigm, opening a promising line of research. These MABs bind to pathogenic AD proteins for elimination by the immune system. Some MAB, such as lecanemab, have been successful in combating AD-related dementia. However, AD still lacks an effective treatment strategy for symptom control, with no definitive cure for the disease. The high prevalence of side effects resulting from MAB has led to controversy when marketing them, although most of them are not serious. The most common are amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA), in the form of edema (ARIA-E) or microhemorrhages (ARIA-H) caused mainly by the inflammatory reaction. We conclude that a combination of different therapies is desirable to delay the progression of AD. However, more research is needed to unveil the long-term effects of MAB and for the development of new targeted therapies that can treat AD and its symptoms more effectively
We can do it! Patriarchal roles and invisibility of women at work throughout history
No full textIntroducción: El mundo laboral es uno de los ámbitos donde más fácilmente se pueden observar las limitaciones de los roles que el patriarcado ha impuesto a la mujer. Habitualmente, los trabajos feminizados son aquellos que corresponden con los cuidados (ya sea en cuestiones de salud: medicina, enfermería) o el cuidado y enseñanza a niños y adolescentes (docencia).
Método: La metodología de investigación de este estudio es mixta, analizando tanto datos cualitativos, como cuantitativos, algo habitual en el campo de la Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales. El diseño de actividades ha sido previamente validado a través de un grupo focal internacional entre expertos en Didáctica de la Historia, profesorado de Educación Secundaria y expertos de museos. Los estudiantes debieron completar las actividades de manera individual en clase siguiendo la guía de preguntas para analizar las fuentes históricas.
Resultados: Las respuestas de los estudiantes han sido, en general, muy positivas. La detección de conocimientos previos confirma las hipótesis iniciales sobre los grandes estereotipos que existen sobre los roles de la mujer en el ámbito laboral. A través del análisis de obras de arte y recursos de museos, la mayoría de los estudiantes han entendido que esta situación de desigualdad se fundamenta en las estructuras patriarcales, y que todavía hoy se siguen dando estas situaciones injustas.
Conclusiones: La mayoría de los participantes también responden que el camino que se ha seguido, y que se debe seguir en el futuro es el de la lucha y la protesta a través del movimiento feminista.Introduction: The world of work is one of the areas where the role restrictions imposed on women by patriarchy are most visible. Usually, feminized jobs are those related to care (whether in the health sector: medicine, nursing) or to the care and education of children and young people (teaching).
Methodology: The research methodology of this study is mixed, analyzing both qualitative and quantitative data, which is common in the field of social science didactics. The design of the activities was previously validated by an international focus group of experts in history education, secondary school teachers and museum experts. Students had to complete the activities individually in class, following the question guide to analyze historical sources.
Results: Students’ responses were generally very positive. The assessment of prior knowledge confirms the initial hypotheses about the main stereotypes that exist about the role of women in the workplace. Through the analysis of works of art and museum resources, most students understood that this situation of inequality was based on patriarchal structures and that these unjust situations still exist today.
Conclusions: Most of the participants also respond that the path that has been followed and should be followed in the future is that of struggle and protest through the feminist movement
Call for a critical review of widespread use of animal tracking devices
No full textAnimal tracking has undergone a technological revolution, providing insight into biological details that were previously
impossible to address. However, the increasing ease of access to tracking devices (biologgers) may lead to trivializing this
technology. As a result, some projects may fail to generate enough scientific knowledge to ethically justify the capture and
handling of wild animals. Theoretically, bioethical regulations should be enough to prevent this phenomenon. Nevertheless,
given that biologging has developed recently and at a spectacular speed, it is possible that these regulations may not
have adapted in a timely manner to the new reality. To illustrate this point, we present as example the biologging projects
on Iberian raptors, which show a decrease in their scientific outputs. Furthermore, we show how the general opinion of
experts is that current wildlife handling regulations are ineffective. Finally, we propose ten key points which we consider
would help to improve these regulations, adapting them to the challenges of biologging.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC
agreement with Springer NatureGeneralitat Valenciana and European Social
Fund (APOSTD/2021)MCIN/
AEI/10.13039/501100011033 grant numbers FJC2021-047885-I and
IJC-2019-0389
Probing invisible neutrino decay with the frst six detection units of KM3NeT/ORCA
No full textThe authors acknowledge the fnancial support of: KM3NeT-INFRADEV2 project, funded
by the European Union Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme under grant
agreement No 101079679; Funds for Scientifc Research (FRS-FNRS), Francqui foundation, BAEF foundation. Czech Science Foundation (GAČR 24-12702S); Agence Nationale
de la Recherche (contract ANR-15-CE31-0020), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifque (CNRS), Commission Européenne (FEDER fund and Marie Curie Program), LabEx
UnivEarthS (ANR-10-LABX-0023 and ANR-18-IDEX-0001), Paris Île-de-France Region, Normandy Region (Alpha, Blue-waves and Neptune), France, The Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur
Delegation for Research and Innovation (DRARI), the Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur region,
the Bouches-du-Rhône Departmental Council, the Metropolis of Aix-Marseille Provence and
the City of Marseille through the CPER 2021-2027 NEUMED project, The CNRS Institut
National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3); Shota Rustaveli
National Science Foundation of Georgia (SRNSFG, FR-22-13708), Georgia; This work is
part of the MuSES project which has received funding from the European Research Council
(ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (grant
agreement No 101142396). This work was supported by the European Research Council, ERC
Starting grant MessMapp, under contract no. 949555. The General Secretariat of Research
and Innovation (GSRI), Greece; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) and Ministero
dell’Università e della Ricerca (MUR), through PRIN 2022 program (Grant PANTHEON
2022E2J4RK, Next Generation EU) and PON R&I program (Avviso n. 424 del 28 febbraio
2018, Progetto PACK-PIR01 00021), Italy; IDMAR project Po-Fesr Sicilian Region az. 1.5.1;
A. De Benedittis, W. Idrissi Ibnsalih, M. Bendahman, A. Nayerhoda, G. Papalashvili, I.
C. Rea, A. Simonelli have been supported by the Italian Ministero dell’Università e della
Ricerca (MUR), Progetto CIR01 00021 (Avviso n. 2595 del 24 dicembre 2019); KM3NeT4RR
MUR Project National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), Mission 4 Component 2 Investment 3.1, Funded by the European Union — NextGenerationEU,CUP I57G21000040001,
Concession Decree MUR No. n. Prot. 123 del 21/06/2022; Ministry of Higher Education,
Scientifc Research and Innovation, Morocco, and the Arab Fund for Economic and Social
Development, Kuwait; Nederlandse organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), the
Netherlands; The grant “AstroCeNT: Particle Astrophysics Science and Technology Centre”,
carried out within the International Research Agendas programme of the Foundation for
Polish Science fnanced by the European Union under the European Regional Development
Fund; The program: “Excellence initiative-research university” for the AGH University in
Krakow; The ARTIQ project: UMO-2021/01/2/ST6/00004 and ARTIQ/0004/2021; Ministry
of Research, Innovation and Digitalisation, Romania; Slovak Research and Development
Agency under Contract No. APVV-22-0413; Ministry of Education, Research, Development
– 16 –
JHEP04(2025)105
and Youth of the Slovak Republic; MCIN for PID2021-124591NB-C41, -C42, -C43 and
PDC2023-145913-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way
of making Europe”, for ASFAE/2022/014 and ASFAE/2022 /023 with funding from the
EU NextGenerationEU (PRTR-C17.I01) and Generalitat Valenciana, for Grant AST22_6.2
with funding from Consejería de Universidad, Investigación e Innovación and Gobierno de
España and European Union — NextGenerationEU, for CSIC-INFRA23013 and for CNS2023-
144099, Generalitat Valenciana for CIDEGENT/2018/034, /2019/043, /2020/049, /2021/23,
for CIDEIG/2023/20, for CIPROM/2023/51 and for GRISOLIAP/2021/192 and EU for
MSC/101025085, Spain; Khalifa University internal grants (ESIG-2023-008, RIG-2023-070
and RIG-2024-047), United Arab Emirates; The European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research
and Innovation Programme (ChETEC-INFRA — Project no. 101008324).In the era of precision measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters, it is
necessary for experiments to disentangle discrepancies that may indicate physics beyond the
Standard Model in the neutrino sector. KM3NeT/ORCA is a water Cherenkov neutrino
detector under construction and anchored at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea. The
detector is designed to study the oscillations of atmospheric neutrinos and determine the
neutrino mass ordering. This paper focuses on the initial confguration of ORCA, referred
to as ORCA6, which comprises six out of the foreseen 115 detection units of photosensors.
A high-purity neutrino sample was extracted during 2020 and 2021, corresponding to an
exposure of 433 kton-years. This sample is analysed following a binned log-likelihood approach
to search for invisible neutrino decay, in a three-favour neutrino oscillation scenario, where
the third neutrino mass state ν3 decays into an invisible state, e.g. a sterile neutrino. The
resulting best ft of the invisible neutrino decay parameter is α3 = 0.92+1.08−0.57 × 10−4 eV2,
corresponding to a scenario with θ23 in the second octant and normal neutrino mass ordering.
The results are consistent with the Standard Model, within a 2.1 σ intervalEuropean Union — NextGenerationEUEuropean Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (101142396)Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (101008324
Tweeting for peace: an analysis of twitter use in Colombia’s peace process
No full textPolitical communication on social media is increasingly prevalent; however, the factors influencing message content and profile characteristics that contribute to its reach remain underexplored. This study analyzes these factors through a case study of a significant global political event: the Colombian peace process. We monitored the Twitter activity of 27 key accounts, comprising politicians, public figures, and organizations actively engaged in the peace process. Employing a mixed-methods research approach, we combined qualitative thematic and content analysis of the tweets with quantitative analyses to identify predictors of reach. The findings indicate that negative emotion, controversial topics related to the peace process, and opposition stance are strong predictors of retweet behavior. Additionally, user profile characteristics—such as a higher follower count and clear opposition or support stance on the peace process—also influence retweet diffusion. This study aims to elucidate the behavior associated with tweets by public figures, considering both message content and profile attributes. Understanding retweet behavior is essential, as it sheds light on the processes and variables involved in the dissemination of opinions and ideas, particularly within the fields of political marketing and communication. The originality of this article lies in its holistic approach, which integrates emotional and topical dimensions alongside profile characteristics within the context of a political event in a developing country. This research addresses a gap in the existing literature by providing comprehensive insights into the impact of social media on political communication.Universidad de Granada/CBU
Socioeconomic status, work-family conflict, and employee well-being in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated pre-existing social inequalities, exposing the most disadvantaged sectors to great vulnerability. This research (N = 1844 employees) aimed to determine possible differences in general (satisfaction with life and personal well-being) and specific (family satisfaction and job satisfaction) well-being outcomes based on socioeconomic status (as measured by income, education, and occupation) in the aftermath of the COVID-19 in Chile, a non-WEIRD country showing one of the most unequal income distributions throughout the world. We also ascertained the critical mediating role of work-family conflict. Our results indicated that, among the different dimensions of socioeconomic status evaluated, income emerged as the dominant positive predictor of all well-being outcomes. Subsequent mediation analyses revealed that lower income was associated with diminished general and specific well-being through increased work-family conflict (both work-to-family and family-to-work). This research provides insights into the pathways through which lower socioeconomic status could lead to reduced well-being in the aftermath of the COVID-19 era within a high inequality community.MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (Project PID2020–114464RB-I00)Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo de Chile (SCIA-ANID CIE160009
Intense drought and vegetation browning exacerbate air temperature rise in unirrigated peri-urban areas under global warming
No full textCities are particularly vulnerable to climate change, which continues to drive rising air temperatures. The
morphology of a city also influences local climate through diverse surface properties and configurations, leading
to diverse responses to warming trends. We examined the impact of climate change on Santiago, Chile, a valley
city with a semi-arid climate. Near-surface air temperature and rainfall data from Chile’s Bureau of Meteorology
over the past 63 years were collected from three different local climate zones (LCZs) in a peri‑urban, urban park,
and residential areas. The research employed regression analysis, a seasonal time series model, and standardised
anomalies to assess air temperature and rainfall trends. Results show that the peri‑urban area has experienced
the highest rate of warming and the greatest decline in rainfall, alongside a doubling of the warming rate in
recent years. Discrepancies in maximum and minimum temperature trends resulted in varying daily temperature
ranges (DTR) across LCZs. The peri‑urban area also displayed significant intra-annual variability in air temperature and rainfall, leading to trend variations over the years in contrast to the other LCZs. Our findings underscore the accentuated impact of climate change in the peri‑urban area due to its permeable bare soil surfaces
with an increase of 0.36 ◦C per decade of warming, compared to the areas characterised by impermeable surfaces
and well-irrigated green spaces of 0.25 ◦C per decade on average. It highlights the importance of analysing urban
air temperatures through LCZ classifications, challenging the conventional urban-rural temperature dichotomy
that underpins urban heat island assessments.DOCTORATE SCHOLARSHIPS PROGRAM, CHILE (21230600, ANID BASAL FB210015 CENAMAD; ANID FONDECYT 1201052; BG23/00134)Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileUniversidad de Granada / CBU
Estudio de materiales y caracterización de alteraciones para restauración arquitectónica. Colegio Máximo de Cartuja de Granada
No full textTesis Univ. Granada.HUM 629 – MAKRAC (materiales avanzados para aplicaciones técnicas y artísticas y su conservación y restauración
Digital Competence of Pedagogy Students: influence of Academic Course and Psycho-Emotional Factors
No full textEste proyecto ha sido llevado a cabo con el apoyo del grupo de investigación
Gandere (GIU 21/056), que ha sido financiado por la Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU).La constante evolución de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) ha transformado el modo de vivir e interactuar en distintas esferas de la sociedad, incluida la educativa, posicionando como objetivo prioritario de distintos organismos internacionales y leyes de Educación el desarrollo de la Competencia Digital (CD). Este estudio pretende conocer la percepción de estudiantes de Pedagogía de la Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU) sobre su nivel de CD e identificar sus factores predictores. Se ha trabajado con una muestra de 150 universitarios que cumplimentaron un cuestionario online diseñado ad hoc. Los resultados indican que el alumnado de Pedagogía tiene un nivel de CD medio-bajo; destaca en actividades digitales básicas y muestra carencias en tareas que precisan un conocimiento más crítico y creativo; también, se aprecian diferencias en función del curso académico con un notable incremento de las puntuaciones de segundo a tercero. Además, se confirma que la motivación, la autoeficacia creativa y la satisfacción vital son factores predictores de la CD. Analizados los resultados, se concluye que es necesario seguir trabajando en la adquisición y el desarrollo de destrezas digitales entre estudiantes de Educación y, a su vez, reformular los planes docentes y formativos para que incluyan tareas específicas orientadas a tal fin. Estas, deberían plantearse por cursos, de manera interrelacionada y personalizada, y considerar el impacto de distintas variables psico-emocionales.The constant evolution of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has transformed the way of living and interacting in different spheres of society, including education, making the development of Digital Competence (DC) a priority objective of various international organizations and education laws. This study aims to know the perception of Pedagogy students of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) about their level of DC and to identify its predictors. We worked with a sample of 150 university students who completed an online questionnaire designed ad hoc. The results indicate that Pedagogy students have a medium-low CD level; they excel in basic digital activities and show deficiencies in tasks that require more critical and creative knowledge; also, differences are observed according to the academic year, with a notable increase in scores from the second to the third year. In addition, it is confirmed that motivation, creative self-efficacy and life satisfaction are predictors of DC. After analyzing the results, we conclude that it is necessary to continue working on the acquisition and development of digital skills among education students and, in turn, to reformulate teaching and training plans to include specific tasks aimed at this end. These tasks should be proposed by courses, in an interrelated and personalized manner, and consider the impact of different psycho-emotional variables.Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU) (GIU 21/056
Hydrochar from Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDs) Synthesis for Photocatalytic and Decontamination Applications in Presence of TiO2
No full textThis research aimed to co-produce CQDs and hydrochar from natural sources to improve the photocatalytic properties of TiO2. Juice extract from Citrus lemon fruits from south-eastern Spain was used as the carbon precursor. The synthesis strategy of the CQDs and hydrochar (Hc) was divided into different stages aimed at figuring out the role of the temperature (180, 220, 250 °C), the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles, and the presence of N-/P-donor compounds (ethylenediamine and orto-phosphoric acid) in the photocatalytic properties of final composites. The results revealed that at 250 °C, using agro-carbon materials as Hc, and the addition of N-donor compounds, improved the photocatalytic activity and photodegradation rate of TiO2 over methyl orange (MO) under blue light by 1000% and 2700%, respectively, with the parallel reduction of TiO2 bandgap from 3.5 eV (Uv light) to 3.00 eV (visible light). These results are related to the ability of the carbon materials (electronegative) to enhance the formation of a Ti3+-active state. This study provides a landscape for a one-step method for the production of agro-carbon/TiO2 photocatalysts with high activity under visible light as an efficient and sustainable strategy for applications such as energy generation and water purification under sunlight.MINCIENCIAS y Agencia Nacional de Hidrocarburos (ANH) - (No. 112721-282-2023)Universidad Nacional de ColombiaPAREX RESOURCES COLOMBIA AG SUCURSAL