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絶滅が危惧される野生動植物の種の国際取引に関する ワシントン条約の国内実施 : 野生生物の保全と動物福祉の統合という観点から
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Decreasing the abundance of tetracycline-resistant Escherichia coli in pig feces during nursery using flavophospholipol as a pig feed additive
Get PDFjournal articleTetracyclines (TCs) are widely used for livestock, and the high prevalence of TC-resistant Escherichia coli in livestock has become a serious concern worldwide. In Japan, the National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance in 2016 aimed to reduce the TC resistance rate in E. coli derived from livestock. Flavophospholipol (FPL), used as a feed additive, has an inhibitory effect on the spread of plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance. The number of TC-resistant E. coli was determined in pigs administered TCs and/or FPL to clarify the effect of FPL on reducing the number of TC-resistant E. coli in pigs. TC-resistant E. coli and their plasmids were then analyzed. The pigs were divided into four groups: control, doxycycline (DOXY; a TC), FPL, and a DOXY-FPL combination. Their feces were collected from the nursing period to the day before being transported to the slaughterhouse, followed by estimation of TC-resistant E. coli (colony-forming units [CFU]/g). The number of TC-resistant E. coli increased with the use of DOXY, suggesting that DOXY administration provides a selective pressure for TC-resistant E. coli. Supplementation with FPL as a feed additive significantly suppressed the increase in the number of TC-resistant E. coli, especially during the DOXY administration period. Transfer and growth inhibition analyses were performed for TC-resistant isolates. FPL inhibited the conjugational transfer and growth of a few TC-resistant E. coli isolates. These results suggest that FPL is effective against the spread of TC-resistant E. coli.journal articl
Modified medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction for severe bilateral congenital patellar luxation in a dog
Get PDFjournal articleBackground: Lateral patellar luxation (LPL) is commonly diagnosed in large or giant breed dogs. In the surgical outcome for canine LPL, approximately half of the patients had complications, including reoperation and relaxation. Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction has been widely used for human repetitive patellar luxation. This case report describes that modified MPFL reconstruction with other surgical techniques might be effective for severe canine LPL repair. Case Description: An 11-month-old intact male Siberian Husky was referred to us with the main complication reported as bilateral hind lameness and LPL, diagnosed by a family doctor. Physiological examination showed bilateral patellar luxation (grade 4). We performed general surgical techniques with modified MPFL. The patient showed good prognosis. Conclusion: This report suggests that modified MPFL with general surgical techniques for LPL might be an effective surgical technique in dogs.journal articl
Population structure of U.S. Holsteins allows for a snapshot of allele frequency changes and family specific SNPs
Get PDFjournal articleGenetic change occurs in the U.S. Holstein population through the heavy use of specific bulls for a relatively short period of time. By focusing on a specific time-period, we were able to group a high percentage of the descendants of several prominent bulls into five different clusters. The average Fst across clusters was 0.03. Comparison between clusters revealed a heterogeneous mixture of allele frequency changes with varying degrees of magnitude and direction. Non-parallel responses between families suggests alternative goals and/or non-additive gene action. SNP effects for the trait stature were estimated independently for the five clusters and used to predict additive breeding values (BV). Correlations of within-cluster BVs with BVs based upon all animals combined varied from 0.70 to 0.88. By stratifying a population into subpopulations, family specific SNPs can be identified and used to increase or maintain genetic diversity.journal articl