CLOVER Collected Literature in Organized and Valuable Repository
Not a member yet
8005 research outputs found
Sort by
Some comments for wildlife forensic medicine in Japan with special reference to memorandum of additional matters for the related book published by Chijinshokan in Tokyo, Japan
Get PDFBulletin拙著『野生動物の法獣医学─もの言わぬ死体の叫び』（地人書館，2021年）刊行後に指摘され，あるいは判明した事項を紹介しつつ，特に，今日の獣医公衆衛生学に相当する明治期の法獣医学を参考に，「野生動物の法獣医学」に再定義をした。加えて，法的な愛護動物/ 非愛護動物との線引き，動物の自殺・自傷的な行為が死因として適切か否どうか等についても簡単に考察した。Some comments on wildlife forensic medicine in Japan with special reference to memorandum of additional matters for the related book published by Chijinshokan, Tokyo, in 2021, and a definition of the forensic medicine were given.departmental bulletin pape
The final stages of dog rabies elimination from Japan
Get PDFjournal articleRabies is a lethal zoonotic disease mainly transmitted to humans by dog bites. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of rabies control policies in Japan, which resulted in the elimination of the disease from the country in 1957. Using historical records from the Kanto region (Chiba, Kanagawa, Saitama and Tokyo Prefectures) between 1947 and 1956 where the final canine cases were recorded, we undertook a descriptive epidemiological study, applying spatio-temporal scan statistics using SaTScan and estimating the effective reproduction number (Rt) for the clusters and each prefecture using the growth rates. There were 1,567 dog rabies and 161 human rabies cases recorded during this period. Vaccination coverage in registered dogs was over 70% after 1951, with much lower coverage in free-roaming and unregistered dogs. Eight clusters of dog rabies cases were identified: the first appeared in 1947 in Tokyo and was linked to three further clusters in peripheral prefectures between 1947 and 1951. Three more clusters occurred in Tokyo again between 1952 and 1954, and the last cluster was in Tokyo and Kanagawa between 1955 and 1956. Rt in the first cluster was 1.68, and Rt values in the others ranged between 1.18 and 1.86, with an exception of 4.05 in the smallest cluster in Tokyo in 1952 (10 cases). The moving average of Rt coincided with the clusters. As dog vaccination and dog management progressed, and the number of dog rabies cases declined, the moving average of Rt declined to below 1. Delays in the implementation of dog management policies in Kanagawa may have prolonged this last outbreak. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of coordinated control policy involving dog vaccination and management of free-roaming dog populations for rabies elimination.journal articl
Association between Habit of Dinner before Bedtime and Onset of Sleep Disorder among Japanese University Students : A 1-year Longitudinal Study
Get PDFjournal article【目的】本研究は大学生を対象に就寝前の夕食習慣が睡眠障害に及ぼす影響を明らかにすることを目的とした。【方法】2016年11～12月に北海道のA大学の1・2年生360名が研究に参加した。睡眠障害は，the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index：PSQI日本語版（PSQI-J）を用いて評価し，合計得点6点以上を睡眠障害に分類した。就寝前の夕食習慣は，「就寝前の2時間以内に夕食をとることが週に3回以上」で就寝前の夕食有り群に分類した。追跡調査は，1年後の2017年11～12月に実施した。解析では，就寝前の夕食習慣と1年後のPSQI得点の変化を共分散分析にて検討した。更に，ベースライン時に睡眠障害が認められた者を除外し，就寝前の夕食習慣と1年後の睡眠障害発症の関連についてポアソン回帰分析を用いて検討した。【結果】256名を対象とした共分散分析の結果，就寝前の夕食無し群と比較して有り群でPSQI得点の差の平均値が有意に高かった。加えて，ベースライン時に睡眠障害が認められなかった109名を解析対象としたポアソン回帰分析の結果，ベースライン時における就寝前夕食有り群の睡眠障害の発症リスク比と95％信頼区間は，Risk Ratio: 1.97（95％Confidence Interval: 1.09～3.77）であり，就寝前の夕食習慣無し群と比較してリスク比が上昇した。【結論】大学生において就寝前の夕食習慣が睡眠障害発症のリスクを高めることを明らかにした。本研究の結果は，若年成人の睡眠障害の改善に役立つ可能性がある。Objective: The present study aimed to explore the effects of habit of dinner before bedtime (HDB) on sleep disorder among Japanese university students. Methods: From November to December 2016, 360 1st~2nd grade students at one university in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan, participated in this study. Sleep disorder was assessed using the Japanese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-J), which defines a score of ≥6 as indicating the presence of sleep disorder. HDB was defined as eating dinner 2 hours or less before bedtime 3 times or more per week. A second survey was conducted 1 year later, from November to December 2017. We analyzed changes in the PSQI-J score after 1 year between participants with HDB and those without HDB using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Moreover, we identified participants without sleep disorder at the baseline survey, and the association between HDB at baseline and onset of sleep disorder was examined using Poisson regression analysis. Results: The ANCOVA was conducted on 256 participants, and revealed significantly higher PSQI-J scores among the group with HDB compared to the group without HDB after 1 year. The Poisson regression analysis was conducted on 109 participants, and revealed significantly higher incidence of sleep disorder among the group with HDB (risk ratios: 1.97, 95% confidence interval: 1.09~3.77), compared to the group without HDB. Conclusion: The present study clarified university students with HDB have higher risk of developing sleep disorder. Our results may be useful for improving the quality of sleep among young adults.journal articl
Hypoxia-targeting therapy for intestinal T-cell lymphoma in dogs : Preclinical study using 3D in vitro models
No full textjournal articlejournal articl
獣医学生のギフテッドとみられる群の推定 : WAIS-IV知能検査からの推測
Get PDFBulletin本研究では，ギフテッドの定義に当てはまる獣医学生が，どのくらい存在するのか，獣医学生52名にWAIS-Ⅳ知能検査を行った。「ギフテッド（gifted）」とは，優れた能力を示す人を言う。WAIS-Ⅳ知能検査の結果，全検査IQ，言語理解，知覚推理，ワーキングメモリー，処理速度のいずれか，もしくは複数の項目で，IQ130以上に到達している学生を，ギフテッド群とした。その結果，獣医学生52名中25名が，IQ130以上の「ギフテッド」と考えられた。ギフテッドは優れた能力と同時に「超活動性」（OE：Overexcitability）と呼ばれる敏感さを併せ持っている場合が多いことから，獣医学生に，「ギフテッド」が高い確率で存在することは，それだけ心理的な支援が必要と考えられた。さらに，多くの獣医学生は自分の得意より，不得意を意識しがちであることから，得意を生かす教育が必要である。In this study, 52 veterinary students were administered the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) intelligence test to determine how many veterinary students fit the definition of ‘gifted’, which refers to a person who exhibits superior abilities. Students who achieved an IQ of 130 or higher on one or more items of the WAIS-IV intelligence test, including all test IQs, verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, and processing speed, were categorized as the gifted group. As a result, 25 of the 52 veterinary students were considered gifted, with an IQ of 130 or higher. As gifted people often have a combination of superior ability and a sensitivity called overexcitability, the high probability of ‘gifted’ veterinary students in the group could be attributed to the fact that many of them suffer from perfectionism, which is a characteristic of gifted students. Therefore, psychological support was deemed necessary.departmental bulletin pape
脊椎動物におけるモチリンの比較生物学 : 構造，分布，受容体および消化管運動亢進作用
Get PDFBulletinAlmost 50 years have passed since the discovery of motilin. However, actions of motilin on gastrointestinal (GI) motility are different from species and motilin does not cause GI contraction in rodents (rats, mice and guineapigs). Additionally, actions of motilin also differ from GI regions and experiment conditions (in vitro or in vivo) even in the same species. Due to these characteristics of motilin responses, number of papers for motilin research is small compared to that of a motilin-related peptide, ghrelin (discovered at 1999) and knowledge of motilin and its receptor have been limited and unsorted. Recently motilin and its receptor (MLN-R) have been also identified in non-mammalian vertebrates (birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish). This review summarized the distribution, structure, receptor expression and GI motility-stimulating action of motilin in a range of species including fish to mammals. A highly conserved N-terminal structure (1-10) commencing the amino acid indicated by phenylalanine was thought to be essential for GI motility stimulating action of motilin in mammalian/avian motilin lineage. Reptile motilin is considered to be in the transition stage to mammalian/avian type, i.e. alligator motilin has phenylalanine but other motilins (snake, turtle and lizard) have tyrosine at first position of N-terminal. On the other hand, the sequences of fish and amphibian motilins are quite different from those of mammalian/avian motilin. Therefore, in the molecular evolution of motilin, there may have been a major event at the time the reptiles emerged. The differences in motilin sequences are due to mutations in protein coding domains during species evolution which were probably motivated by adaptation. In contrast, the C-terminal sequence (11-22) is more conserved than that of the N-terminal, suggesting that the C-terminal may exert an as yet unknown function in addition to stimulation of GI motility as mediated via the N-terminal. Molecular biologically, MLN-R can be divided into two main groups: mammal/bird/reptile/amphibian clade (group A) and fish clade (group B). Group A can be divided into two clades: terrestrial type (mammals, birds and reptiles) and semi-aquatic type (amphibians). The clade of the terrestrial MLN-Rs can be further divided into three clades (mammals, birds/reptiles and reptiles (reptile-1)), and birds/reptiles clade is divided into birds and reptile-2 (alligator/crocodile MLN-Rs). Reptile-2 clade is included in the same umbrella with the bird clade, as in the case of motilin structure. Group B may have characteristics that match the aquatic inhabiting nature of fish. In mammals, motilin is an important regulator of the phase III of interdigestive migrating motor complex (MMC) in the stomach of humans, dogs, house musk shrews, monkeys and opossum through activation of smooth muscle cells, enteric neurons or vago-vagal reflex pathway. Gastric MMCs induced by motilin contribute to maintenance of normal GI functions and transmits a hunger signal from peripheral (stomach) to brain. Motilin has been identified in other mammals (rabbits, ruminants and pigs), but roles of motilin in these animals have not been understood well due to different physiological characteristics of MMC and different feeding behavior. In birds, motilin and MLN-Rs have been also identified and motilin caused contraction of small intestine and contributed to initiation of rhythmic oscillating complexes in the intestine. Motilin did not cause the contraction of GI strips in the fish but caused the contraction of urodelian amphibians (newts) and reptiles in a GI region-dependent manner as in the bird/mammals. Through these comparative studies in different vertebrates, it can be seen for the first time that the GI motility-stimulating action of motilin is not common in vertebrates because motilin stimulates GI contraction in mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians but not in fish. This review, covering a wide range of motilin research including not only mammals but also non-mammals (comparative biology of motilin), will help to understand the contribution of the motilin system to animals, including evolution.departmental bulletin pape
