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Selection of cultivars suitable for agriculture-welfare collaboration and examination of cultivation methods for kidney beans for young pods : Selection of suitable cultivars in terms of yield, and effects of sowing date on young pod yield, and the annual differences
Get PDFBulletinHarvesting the young pods of kidney bean plants requires a lot of work. Because of a labor shortage, there has been a steady decline in the young pod production volume. However, securing the required labor force through agriculture-welfare collaborations will increase the economic benefits to producers. Thus, kidney bean is considered to be suitable for agriculture-welfare collaborations. To develop a model case of kidney bean cultivation for the production of young pods via agriculture-welfare collaborations, the cultivars and cultivation methods appropriate for simplifying the harvesting work must be identified and different cultivar and cropping season combinations should be examined. Therefore, to select suitable cultivars and clarify the effects of the sowing date on the yield of young pods, we conducted experiments that compared cultivars and sowing dates. The dwarf cultivar ‘Benishibori’ and the climbing cultivar ‘Fukutoramame’ were used to produce young pods and seeds (i.e., dual-purpose cultivars), whereas the dwarf cultivar ‘Koimidori’ and the climbing cultivar ‘Tsuruari Morocco’ were used exclusively to produce young pods (i.e., dedicated cultivars). The total yield was higher for the climbing cultivars than for the dwarf cultivars. In terms of the yield trends, in 2021, there were two yield peaks because of the effect of the high temperatures in summer. In contrast, there was only one yield peak in 2022. In both years and for both climbing cultivars, the yield of the A-quality products was greater in May than in June. Compared with ‘Fukutoramame’, ‘Tsuruari Morocco’ had a higher total yield, but a lower proportion of A-quality products. More specifically, the yield of A-quality young pods was more than 1.5-times higher for ‘Fukutoramame’ than for ‘Tsuruari Morocco’. Additionally, the harvesting position (i.e., average distance from the ground) of the young pods was lower for ‘Fukutoramame’ than for ‘Tsuruari Morocco’. On the basis of a high yield of A-quality young pods and a harvesting position that is conducive to an efficient harvest, ‘Fukutoramame’ is considered to be superior to the other tested cultivars for the production and harvesting of young pods. Furthermore, because the high temperatures in summer adversely affect yield, seeds should be sown in mid-May.departmental bulletin pape
Selection of cultivars suitable for agriculture-welfare collaboration and examination of cultivation methods for kidney beans for young pods : Effect of the end of young pod harvesting on subsequent grain yield in the cultivar with both young pods and grain production
Get PDFBulletinDuring the cultivation of kidney beans for the production of young pods through agriculture-welfare collaborations, there is the possibility that inexperienced growers will forget to harvest the young pods. However, for dual-purpose kidney bean cultivars bred for the production of young pods and seeds, even if the young pods are not harvested, seeds can be produced if the plants are allowed to continue to grow. Both the young pods and the seeds are economically valuable products. Therefore, we selected ‘Fukutoramame’ (i.e., dual-purpose cultivar) to investigate the effects of the timing of the completion of the harvesting of young pods on the yield of young pods and the subsequent seed production to determine when the harvesting of young pods should be completed. A plot (dual-purpose Ⅰ) in which the harvesting of young pods was completed during the peak harvest period (10 days after the start of harvest), a plot (dual-purpose II) in which the harvesting of young pods was completed 1 week after the peak harvest period, and plots producing only young pods or only seeds were prepared. Because the production of A-quality young pods decreased as the duration of the growth period increased, the A-quality young pod yields in dual-purpose I and II plots were respectively 61% and 70% of that of the young pod-only plot. The seed yields in dual-purpose I and II plots were respectively 84% and 63% of that of the seed-only plot. For the seedonly, dual-purpose I, dual-purpose II, and young pod-only plots, the production costs were respectively 230,000, 780,000, 810,000, and 960,000 yen/10a and the labor hours for harvesting were respectively 247, 276, 298, and 366 h/10a. The rank-order for labor productivity was as follows: dual-purpose I plot＞dual-purpose II plot＞young podonly plot＞seed-only plot. Moreover, the harvesting position (average distance from the ground) of the seed pods was lower in dual-purpose I and II plots than in the seed-only plot, suggesting the dual-purpose plots were appropriate for harvesting. Accordingly, when both young pods and seeds are produced, the optimal time to complete the harvesting of young pods is 10 days after the start of the harvest period (dual-purpose I). Future studies will need to investigate the late sowing period of dual-purpose plots, cropping seasons in young pod-only plots, fertilization management after young pods are harvested, and annual differences.departmental bulletin pape
Basic research on high school students’ view of life: Analysis of how to interpret “life” and “living things”
Get PDFjournal articleArticle 2 of the Fundamental Law of Education stipulates that “respect life, cherish nature, and cultivate an attitude that contributes to environmental conservation.” In response to this, the Courses of Study is also trying to foster an “attitude that respects life.” In order to clarify the treatment of “respect for life” in upper secondary schools, this study investigated the descriptions of respect for life in the Courses of Study for Upper Secondary Schools that were announced in 2008. In addition, in order to clarify how high school students perceive “life,” a free-response questionnaire survey was conducted on 553 public high school students to answer the question of what “life” and “living things” are. As a result, it was confirmed that there is a difference between respect for life in science and respect for life in other subjects, that high school students do not clearly distinguish between biological concepts and life concepts, and that high school students are equipped with the concepts of “mechanics,” “objective knowledge,” “animism,” “anthropomorphism,” “animism,” “value,” and “life,” which have been shown in previous studies to be subconcepts of the view of life. This study also showed the necessity of adding subconcepts such as “death” and “equality” to the high school students’ view of life.教育基本法第二条には「生命を尊び，自然を大切にし，環境の保全に寄与する態度を養うこと」と定められている．これを受け，学習指導要領においても「生命を尊重する態度」の育成が図られている．本研究では，高等学校における「生命の尊重」の扱いを明らかにするために，平成30年に告示された高等学校学習指導要領における生命の尊重に対する記述を調査した．また，高校生の「生命」の捉え方を明らかにするために，公立高等学校の生徒553名を対象として，「生命」と「生物」とは何かという問に対して自由記述で回答する質問紙調査を行った．その結果，理科における生命の尊重と他教科における生命の尊重ではその対象に違いが見られること，高校生は生物概念と生命概念を明確に区別できているわけではないこと，生命観の下位概念として先行研究で示されていた「機械論」「客観的知識」「アニミズム」「擬人化」「生気論」「価値」「命」といった概念が高校生に備わっていること，が確認された．また，高校生の生命観については，例えば「死」や「平等性」といった下位概念を付け加えて考えていく必要性が示された．journal articl
Ubiquitin-Specific Proteases (USPs) and Metabolic Disorders
Get PDFjournal articleUbiquitination and deubiquitination are reversible processes that modify the characteristics of target proteins, including stability, intracellular localization, and enzymatic activity. Ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) constitute the largest deubiquitinating enzyme family. To date, accumulating evidence indicates that several USPs positively and negatively affect metabolic diseases. USP22 in pancreatic β-cells, USP2 in adipose tissue macrophages, USP9X, 20, and 33 in myocytes, USP4, 7, 10, and 18 in hepatocytes, and USP2 in hypothalamus improve hyperglycemia, whereas USP19 in adipocytes, USP21 in myocytes, and USP2, 14, and 20 in hepatocytes promote hyperglycemia. In contrast, USP1, 5, 9X, 14, 15, 22, 36, and 48 modulate the progression of diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, and/or retinopathy. USP4, 10, and 18 in hepatocytes ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), while hepatic USP2, 11, 14, 19, and 20 exacerbate it. The roles of USP7 and 22 in hepatic disorders are controversial. USP9X, 14, 17, and 20 in vascular cells are postulated to be determinants of atherosclerosis. Moreover, mutations in the Usp8 and Usp48 loci in pituitary tumors cause Cushing syndrome. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the modulatory roles of USPs in energy metabolic disorders.journal articl
Use of a gum elastic bougie in a cat with severe upper airway stenosis
Get PDFjournal articleBackground: Gum elastic bougie (GEB) is an airway management device for patients who are difficult to intubate and its use has been reported in human medicine. However, to our knowledge, no reports in veterinary medicine have described oxygenation using GEB. We describe a case in which GEB was used to maintain oxygenation in a cat with severe upper airway stenosis. Case Description: A 10-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat was diagnosed with a laryngeal tumor with severe upper airway stenosis. During anesthesia induction, the normal laryngeal structure could not be confirmed; orotracheal intubation was difficult, resulting in a “cannot intubate, cannot oxygenate” status. The GEB was inserted, making it possible to oxygenate the cat until a permanent tracheostoma could be created, but hypoventilation was noted. Conclusion: Although GEB are not useful for proper ventilation, they can be useful for temporary oxygenation in veterinary medicine when airway management is difficult.journal articl