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The role of organisation culture in achieving competitive advantage at telkom Kenya limited
Full text linkThis study aimed to explore organisational culture's role in achieving
competitive advantage in Telkom Kenya. The fact that Telkom was the first
Telecom Company in Kenya and yet its performance is low instead of being
the market leader justified this study. The study was anchored on Michael
Porter's theory of competitive advantage, resource-based review theory
and stakeholder theory. Case Study Research Design was used. Data
collection was done using questionnaires. A pilot test was used to test the
survey's reliability. The questionnaires were administered to twenty
employees of Telkom Kenya in Nakuru who were not part of the final study.
The Cronbach coefficient alpha test was used to determine the
questionnaire's reliability. The analysis of data was by inferential and
descriptive statistics. The study established that leadership style and
control system statistically impact Telkom Kenya's competitive advantage
with beta values of 0.243 and 0.230, respectively. The study concluded that
the efforts put so far by Telkom Kenya to achieve competitiveness are not
sufficient since its competitors still have the edge over it in the market. The
study recommended that Telkom Kenya consider changing its leadership
style to one that is participatory and implements control systems to ensure
continuous monitoring and evaluation of its performance
Exploring Reasons for Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake by Female Clinicians at AIC Kijabe Hospital
Full text linkCervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women of
reproductive age in Kenya. Local data suggests that the uptake of cervical cancer screening is
low among the general population. Clinicians play a vital role in the fight against cervical
cancer. However regional data demonstrates a low uptake of cervical cancer screening among
clinicians. This study aimed at exploring reasons for personal screening uptake and
recommendations to increase screening uptake among female clinicians at AIC Kijabe
Hospital. This was a qualitative study using 22 in-depth interviews with female clinicians.
Data analysis was done using thematic analysis. Personal cervical cancer screening uptake
was mostly facilitated by the perception of risk, the desire to model positive health behavior
and the convenience of awareness campaigns. Aversion to the screening process was a major
barrier to screening among this population. Some of the female clinicians’ suggestions to
improve clinicians’ screening uptake were details on how to improve the screening process.
Significant barriers deter cervical cancer screening among this population. Increasing
knowledge and improving the screening process might improve screening uptake among
female clinicians at AIC Kijabe Hospita
Exploring AFRICAN APPROACHES to international law
No full textKéba Mbaye (1924-2007)2
was a Senegalese jurist who served with
distinction in the Senegalese judiciary, the United Nations human rights
system, the International Court of Justice (ICJ), in ad hoc international
tribunals, and in the Olympic movement.3
He was most notably the
‘inspirer and author of the preliminary draft’4
of the African Charter on
Human and Peoples’ Rights (African Charter). He also led the drafting
of important international legal instruments including the Organisation
for the Harmonisation of Business Law in Africa (OHADA)5
legal
framework, the Statute of the Court of Arbitration for Sport, and the LinasMarcoussis Peace Agreement. He served on international commissions
on bioethics, labour law, and for the investigation of mass human rights
violations in Yugoslavia, Southern Africa, and Palestine, among others.
He helped mediate peace through conciliation first in the OAU structures
of the 1980s, and later in the Ivorian peace process. He both campaigned
against apartheid in the early 1980s and led South Africa’s readmission
to the Olympic movement after the fall of apartheid. At home, he guided
Senegal’s transition to multiparty politics in the early 1990s
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MANAGEMENT, HEALTH SEEKING BEHAVIOR AND BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL AMONG DIABETIC PASTORALISTS IN WEST POKOT, KENYA
Full text linkDiabetes is a chronic metabolic condition associated with the highest co-morbidities and
complications affecting people of diverse social-economic status. Even though diabetes
is considered a manageable condition-by regulating blood sugar levels using medication
or through the diet, having nutrition education and going for frequent checkups- the rates
of mortality are still alarming. It is estimated that 1.5 million people succumbed to it or
its related complication worldwide in 2013 alone. This scenario necessitates the need to
determine how bloods sugar levels- an indicator of diabetes- is regulated as well as the
health seeking behavior at an individual level. Furthermore, the need is greater in a
nomadic population because of their unique lifestyle. Therefore, the purpose of this
study is to determine the relationship between knowledge of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D)
management, health seeking behavior and blood sugar levels among diabetic
pastoralists. This study was conducted at Kapenguria Referral Hospital in West Pokot.
The study employed cross-sectional descriptive research design and 79 participants who
met the inclusion criteria were consented and recruited into the study using simple
random sampling. Data was collected using a pre-tested self-administered questionnaire.
Data was analyzed in 3 phases. Phase 1was analyzed using descriptive statistical and
presented as numbers and proportions. Phase 2: Pearson‘s chi square test was used to
determine the difference between knowledge of T2Dmanagement categories, Health
seeking behavior categories and blood sugar levels. In the last phase, logistic regression
was used to determine the relationship between knowledge of T2D management, health
seeking behavior and blood glucose levels. Odds ratio and the 95%CI were presented at
an alpha of 0.1. Among the 79 participants, 75.9% reported nutrition knowledge and
regular physical exercises, 84.8% had the knowledge on foot care-that cutting toe nails
should be done carefully and 63.3% did not keep the clinic appointments. Even with
high knowledge on diabetes management high blood sugar levels were presented. The
findings showed that those participants with high knowledge on dietary and on
symptoms and complication were less likely to have blood sugar levels higher than 7.2
mmol/L with an odd of 0.31 (0.08, 1.26) and 0.23 (0.06, 1.36) respectively. In addition,
the health seeking behavior of participants who had at least an annual checkup were less
likely to have blood glucose levels higher than 7.2mmol/l at pvalue ≤ 0.05. Keeping
clinic appointment helps improves the blood sugar levels hence the management and
control of T2D. Having the knowledge on symptoms and the complications of diabetes
is equally important since they reflect on whether the blood glucose levels are regulated
or not. This study therefore, recommends that more sensitizationon the strategies of
managing T2D as well as the importance of keeping clinical appointments in a nomadic
population
A FRAMEWORK FOR THE DESIGN OF PERSONAL HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS USER INTERFACES
No full textThere is an increasing drive for patients to have greater participation in the management
of their own health, even beyond hospital visitations. This participation requires them to
have access to their Personal Health Information (PHI) in order for them to continue
managing their own health. However, medical data might not be easily interpreted by
non-medical users with no medical training background, and further that its inappropriate
presentation may lead to misunderstanding and unintended consequences. Human
Computer Interaction (HCI) is concerned with developing interactive technologies such
as Electronic Medical Records (EMR) systems that are accessible, useful, usable and
safe for users. These systems store PHI that is important for the non-medical users.
Therefore, this research sought to develop a framework for the design of the user
interfaces of Personal Health Information Systems (PHIS) in order to effectively
communicate PHI to non-medical users. The specific objectives were, to examine the
context of use of the user interface design of the PHIS, to develop a framework that
guides user interface design of PHIS, to apply the framework on user interface design of
PHIS, and lastly, to evaluate the effectiveness of the framework in communicating PHI
to non-medical users. The research approach was qualitative in nature, employing the
design thinking research methodology. The findings revealed challenges of presenting
PHI to non-medical users which informed the development of PHI presentation
framework. To apply the framework, User Interface (UI) design prototypes presenting
blood pressure readings were developed. The evaluation report showed the effectiveness
of the framework in the UI designs and the extent in which the framework was applied in
the UI designs. In conclusion, the study developed a framework for User Interface
Design (UID) of PHIS, and it recommends presenting other types of PHI tests on UI
using the framework
PERCEIVED DETERMINANTS OF ADHERENCE TO STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES AMONG LABORATORY PERSONNEL AS PER THE STAFF IN THE DEPARTMENT IN BOMET COUNTY, KENYA
Full text linkLaboratory errors are a major burden in health care systems. To decrease laboratory error
and increase laboratory quality international health organizations such as the World
Health Organization developed laboratory quality management systems (QMS). One of
the QMS essentials (Documents and Records) contains Standard Operating Procedures
(SOPs). SOPs are step-by-step instructions that laboratory personnel use as a guide in
performing laboratory procedures. Thus, adhering to SOPs ensures consistency,
accuracy, and quality of laboratory procedures, thereby increasing laboratory data quality
and reducing errors. However, studies in Kenya have shown low percentage results in
evaluating documents and records, which means low adherence to SOPs. This study
aimed to identify the determinants of adherence to SOPs. A qualitative
phenomenological study was conducted in two conveniently selected hospitals (Tenwek
Mission Hospital and Longisa County Referral Hospital) in Bomet County, Kenya. Four
focused group discussions and eight key informant interviews were done. Based on the
objectives, collected data were analyzed using manual coding and thematic analysis. The
study identified themes that determine adherence to SOPs which mainly is the working
environment, factors that promote adherence to SOPs are professional education,
leadership factors, and work environment. Key areas that needed intervention on SOPs
adherence are personal reasons, professional education, and quality equipment.
Professional education and leadership have been suggested for the sustenance of
intervention. Recommendations to hospitals to increase opportunities for professional
education and to increase the number of staff to help lower workload are mad
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELECTED FORMS OF BULLYING AND PSYCHOSOCIAL ADJUSTMENT AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN BUNGOMA COUNTY, KENYA
Full text linkPsychosocial health of many learners at both primary and secondary levels in the
21
st
century has been adversely affected by various factors. Amongst many documented
factors, the influence of bullying on psychosocial adjustment has not been established
conclusively. In Bungoma County particularly,20% of patients aged 14 to 20 years that
visit the County referral hospital are cases of mental health issues. This age group is
school going learners both at Primary and Secondary level. There are efforts to improve
the psychosocial adjustment in schools but given that there are varying factors, the
crucial question for this study is “Is there a relationship between selected forms of
bullying and psychosocial adjustment among the learners”. The purpose of this study
was to explore the relationship between selected forms of bullying and psychosocial
adjustment among students in secondary schools in Bungoma County, Kenya. The
objectives of the study were to establish the relationship between forms of bullying and
self-esteem, to examine the relationship between forms of bullying and aggression, to
find out the relationship between forms of bullying and suicidal ideation and to find out
the relationship between forms of bullying and social withdrawal. The study was
anchored on two theories, the Social-ecological Theory by Bronfen brenner and
Psychosocial Theory by Eric Erickson. The study was based on descriptive crosssectional
survey and correlation designs. A total of 106,559 students in secondary
schools in Bungoma County, 360 Guidance and Counselling teachers and 370Deputy
Principals drawn from 360 schools were targeted. Krecjie and Morgan (1970) formula
was used to derive a sample size of 399 students who were selected by means of simple
random sampling techniques. The school sample of 36 was sampled from a population of
360 schools. The Guidance and Counselling teachers and Deputy Principals were drawn
from each of the 36 sampled schools. The Form three students were purposively selected.
Stratified random sampling and simple random sampling were used to sample schools
and students respectively. The Instruments for data collection were questionnaires and
interview schedule. Face, content and construct validity of instruments were ascertained
through experts in the department. A pilot study of the instruments established test-retest
reliability of coefficient indices of between r = 0.74 for students and inter-rater reliability
of r = 0.72 for Deputy Principals and r = 0.76 for Guidance and Counselling teachers.
Face, content and construct validity was ascertained. Quantitative data was analysed
using percentages, means, Pearson Products correlation and multiple regression analysis.
Qualitative data was transcribed, organised into themes and reported in narrative. All
analysis was done using the statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25.
The findings revealed that there was a significant negative relationship between forms of
bullying and self-esteem r = - 0.34; there was a significant positive relationship between
forms of bullying and depression r = 0.38; there was a significant positive relationship
between forms of bullying and aggression r = 0.44; there was a significant positive
relationship between forms of bullying and suicidal ideation r = 0.42 and there was a
significant positive relationship between forms of bullying and social withdrawal r =
0.35.The null hypotheses were all rejected. The study concludes that there was a
significant relationship between forms of bullying and student psycho-social adjustment.
The study recommends that, Guidance and Counselling department should be
strengthened to offer psychological services to students. The findings give an empirical
backing to policy makers in addressing bullying as an important variable among
contributors to student psychosocial adjustment
AN ANALYSIS OF SELECTED STUDENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON RETENTION IN SECONDARY EDUCATION IN KENYA
Full text linkOne of the education policies of the government of Kenya according to the Basic
Education act of 2013 is the provision of free and compulsory basic education with the
anticipated target of achieving universal secondary education. The policy of 100%
transition rate from primary to secondary education was instituted to facilitate this
target. However, as transition rates keep improving, student retention has remained low
in Public Secondary Schools in Kisii County. Failure to retain students in schools
implies failure of the government in achieving universal secondary education besides
being considered as a waste of potential human, time and financial resources. The
purpose of the study was to do an analysis of Selected Student Management Practices
on Retention in Secondary Education in Kisii County. The objectives of the study were
to investigate the relationship between student motivation, safety, feeding, instruction
and discipline practices and retention of Students in Public Secondary Schools in Kisii
County. The study was guided by Vroom’s expectancy and McGregor’s X and Y
theories. A conceptual framework involving the variables under investigation was
drawn. Correlational research design was used in this study. A sample of 35 Public
Secondary Schools was selected for the study using Multi-stage sampling technique.
The study sample was 525 respondents comprised of 420 students, 35 Deputy
Principals, 35 Principals and 35 Head Cooks. Questionnaires, interview schedules and
document analysis were used in data collection. Experts in the area under study did
validation of the instruments. A pilot test of the instruments was conducted in Schools
in Nyamira County. Reliability of the instruments was tested using split-half technique
and Spearman-Brown prophecy formula. A coefficient of 0.8 in both the students’ and
Deputy Principals’ questionnaires was obtained. Ethical considerations were employed
throughout the study. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive and inferential
statistics. Qualitative data was analysed thematically. The statistical package for social
sciences (SPSS) version 25.0 was used to analyse the data. The study findings showed
that there was a strong and positive correlation between student motivation practices
(r=.717), safety practices (r=.689), feeding practices (r=.684), instruction practices
(r=.844), discipline practices (r=.778) and student retention in public secondary schools
in Kisii County. The correlation was statistically significant at 0.05 alpha level.
Regression analysis showed that 63.7% of variations in the student retention were
predictable from student motivation, safety, instructional and discipline practices.
Therefore, it was concluded that, in order to improve student retention rates, school
administrators should practice good student motivation, safety, instructional and
discipline practices. This study was significant because its findings provided school
administrators and education policy makers with knowledge on the best student
management practices that could improve student retention to the anticipated target of
100%. The recommendation of the study was that; the Government should strengthen
student motivation and safety practices, closely monitor curriculum delivery in schools
and provide alternative ways of handling student discipline issues in schools
Idealized Influence and Implementation of Human Resource Management Policies by Kakamega County Government, Kenya
Full text linkImplementation of Human Resource Management policies by governments in developing countries has not
translated into development and quality service delivery. Leadership is integral to achieving government goals.
This study aimed to establish the influence of idealized influence on implementation of Human Resource
Management policies by County Government of Kakamega. A descriptive research design and sample survey
method involving use of questionnaire as the primary data collection instrument was adopted. The study
population was 6,328 County Government of Kakamega employees. Simple random sampling technique was
applied to get a sample size of 165 respondents with a pilot study being conducted in Bungoma County where
the study checked for internal consistency and reliability of the instrument for data collection. Cronbach’s
coefficient alpha of 0.867 was obtained for internal reliability. Ethics governing research were accorded utmost
consideration. A 92.7% return rate was attained, good for social statistics analysis. The Statistical Package for
the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze data in the study. Pearson Product Moment Correlation
Coefficient and linear regression were used in analysis within 95% confidence interval to test for associations,
relationships and independence of indicators. Study findings revealed a significant and positive relationship
between idealized influence and implementation of Human Resource Management Policies. Study findings were
in agreement with empirical evidence from previous studies on how idealized influence affected implementation
of Human Resource Management Policies, particularly in public organizations
An Audit of Food Safety Standards and Guidelines Implementation in Public Mixed Boarding Secondary Schools in Kenya.
Full text linkThe objective of this paper was to find out the relationship between the implementation of safety standards
and guidelines for food safety and student safety in public mixed boarding secondary schools in Nakuru County,
Kenya. Invitational Theory and Systems Theory guided the study. The target population included 2130 Form 4
students, 16 principals, 18 deputy principals representing all 16 public mixed boarding secondary schools in
Nakuru, Kenya. The study applied a descriptive survey design. A census approach was used. A stratified
sampling technique was used in categorising the population into three strata; principals, deputy principals, and
Form 4 students. Principals and deputy principals were selected using the purposive sampling technique, while
the students were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Questionnaires, interview schedules and
observation checklist was used in data collection. Data analysis was performed using tools in the SPSS version
22. The analysis involved computation of descriptive statistics: frequencies and percentages, and inferential
statistics: Pearson Correlation. The data was later presented in tables and textually. The study discovered that
implementation of Safety Standards and Guidelines for Food Safety has a statistically significant relationship
with student safety in public mixed boarding secondary schools in Nakuru County, Kenya. The study
recommended that the government to allocate funds to the schools so that adequate food storage facilities can
be constructed. The school management should ensure that all the learners with special dietary needs are
offered an alternative diet