KABU Repository (Kabarak University)

LAWS OF KENYA
MAINTENANCE ORDERS ENFORCEMENT ACT
CHAPTER 154
Revised Edition 1980
Published by the National Council for Law Reporting
with the Authority of the Attorney-General
www.kenyalaw.org

[Rev. 1980]
Maintenance Orders Enforcement
CAP. 154
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CHAPTER 154
MAINTENANCE ORDERS ENFORCEMENT ACT
ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS
Section
1. Short title.
2. Interpretation.
3. Enforcement in Kenya of maintenance orders made in the United Kingdom or Eire.
4. Transmission of maintenance orders made in Kenya.
5. Power to make provisional maintenance orders against persons in the United
Kingdom or Eire.
6. Confirmation of maintenance orders made in the United Kingdom or Eire.
7. Enforcement of orders.
8. Proof of documents.
9. Depositions to be evidence.
10. Reciprocity between Kenya and other British possessions.

[Rev. 1980]
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CHAPTER 154
MAINTENANCE ORDERS ENFORCEMENT ACT
[Date of commencement:6th September, 1921.]
An Act of Parliament to facilitate the enforcement in Kenya of maintenance
orders made in the United Kingdom or Eire or in certain British
possessions, and vice versa
[Act No. 33 of 1921, Cap. 16 (1948), Act No. 32 of 1961, L.N. 406/1961, L.N. 2/1964,
L.N. 18/1964, L.N. 168/1964, Act No. 11 of 1970, Act No. 4 of 1974.]
1.  Short title
This Act may be cited as the Maintenance Orders Enforcement Act.
2.  Interpretation
In this Act—
“certified copy”, in relation to an order of a court, means a copy of the order
certified by the proper officer of the court to be a true copy;
“dependants” means such persons as that person is liable to maintain
according to the law in force in that part of Her Majesty’s dominions in which
the maintenance order was made;
“maintenance order” means an order, other than an order of affiliation,
for the periodical payment of sums of money towards the maintenance of the
wife or other dependants of the person against whom the order is made, and
includes an order or decree for the recovery or repayment of the cost of relief
or maintenance;
“prescribed” means prescribed by rules of court.
[Act No. 4 of 1974, Sch.]
3.  Enforcement in Kenya of maintenance orders made in the United Kingdom
or Eire
(1)  Where a maintenance order has, whether before or after the
commencement of this Act, been made against any person by any court in the
United Kingdom or Eire, and a certified copy of the order has been transmitted
by the Secretary of State to the Minister, the Minister shall send a copy to the
prescribed officer of a court in Kenya for registration; and on receipt thereof the
order shall be registered in the prescribed manner, and shall, from the date of
registration, be of the same force and effect, and, subject to the provisions of this
Act, all proceedings may be taken on the order, as if it had been an order originally
obtained in the court in which it was so registered, and that court shall have power
to enforce the order accordingly.
(2)  The court in which an order is to be so registered shall, if the court in which
the order was made was a court of superior jurisdiction, be the High Court, and
if the court was not a court of superior jurisdiction be a subordinate court of the
first class.
[L.N. 168/1964, Act No. 4 of 1974, Sch.]
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4.  Transmission of maintenance orders made in Kenya
Where a court in Kenya has, whether before or after the commencement of this
Act, made a maintenance order against any person, and it is proved to that court
that the person against whom the order was made is resident in the United Kingdom
or Eire, the court shall send to the Minister for transmission to the Secretary of
State a certified copy of the order.
[L.N. 168/1964, Act No. 4 of 1974, Sch.]
5.  Power to make provisional maintenance orders against persons in the
United Kingdom or Eire
(1)  Where an application is made to a subordinate court of the first class in
Kenya for a maintenance order against any person, and it is proved that that person
is resident in the United Kingdom or Eire, the court may, in the absence of that
person, if after hearing the evidence it is satisfied of the justice of the application,
make any such order as it might have made if a summons had been duly served
on that person and he had failed to appear at the hearing; but in such case the
order shall be provisional only, and shall have no effect unless and until confirmed
by a competent court in the United Kingdom or Eire.
(2)  The evidence of any witness who is examined on any such application shall
be put into writing, and the deposition shall be read over to and signed by him.
(3)  Where an order is made, the court shall send to the Minister for transmission
to the Secretary of State the depositions so taken and a certified copy of the order,
together with a statement of the grounds on which the making of the order might
have been opposed if the person against whom the order is made had been duly
served with a summons and had appeared at the hearing, and such information as
the court possesses for facilitating the identification of that person and ascertaining
his whereabouts.
(4)  Where a provisional order has come before a court in the United Kingdom
or Eire for confirmation and the order has by that court been remitted to the
subordinate court which made the order for the purpose of taking further evidence,
that court or any other subordinate court of the first class sitting and acting for the
same place shall, after giving the prescribed notice, proceed to take the evidence
in the same manner and subject to the same conditions in support of the original
application.
(5)  If upon hearing of the evidence it appears to the court that the order ought
not to have been made, the court may rescind the order, but in any other case the
depositions shall be sent to the Minister and dealt with in the same manner as the
original depositions.
(6)  The confirmation of an order made under this section shall not affect any
power of a subordinate court to vary or rescind that order:
Provided that—
(i) on the making of a varying or rescinding order the court shall send a
certified copy thereof to the Minister for transmission to the Secretary
of State;
(ii) in the case of an order varying the original order the order shall not
have any effect unless confirmed in the same manner as the original
order.
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(7)  The applicant shall have the same right of appeal, if any, against a refusal
to make a provisional order as he would have had against a refusal to make the
order had a summons been duly served on the person against whom the order is
sought to be made.
[L.N. 168/1964, Act No. 4 of 1974, Sch.]
6.  Confirmation of maintenance orders made in the United Kingdom or Eire
(1)  Where a maintenance order has been made by a court in the United
Kingdom or Eire, and the order is provisional only and has no effect unless and
until confirmed by a subordinate court of the first class in Kenya, and a certified
copy of the order, together with the depositions of witnesses and a statement of
the grounds on which the order might have been opposed, has been transmitted
to the Minister, and it appears to the Minister that the person against whom the
order was made is resident in Kenya, the Minister may send the documents to the
prescribed officer of a subordinate court of the first class with a requisition that a
summons be issued calling upon the person to show cause why that order should
not be confirmed; and, upon receipt of the documents and requisition, the court
shall issue the summons and cause it to be served upon that person.
(2)  A summons so issued may be served in Kenya in the same manner as
if it had been originally issued or subsequently endorsed by a subordinate court
having jurisdiction in the place where the person happens to be.
(3)  At the hearing the person on whom the summons was served may raise
any defence which he might have raised in the original proceedings had he been a
party thereto, but no other defence; and the certificate from the court which made
the provisional order stating the grounds on which the making of the order might
have been opposed if the person against whom the order was made had been
a party to the proceedings shall be conclusive evidence that those grounds are
grounds on which objection may be taken.
(4)  If at the hearing the person served with the summons does not appear, or,
on appearing, fails to satisfy the court that the order ought not to be confirmed, the
court may affirm the order either without modification or with such modifications as
to the court, after hearing the evidence, may seem just.
(5)  If the person against whom the summons was issued appears at the hearing
and satisfies the court that for the purpose of any defence it is necessary to remit
the case to the court which made the provisional order for the purpose of taking
any further evidence, the court may so remit the case and adjourn the proceedings
for the purpose.
(6)  Where a provisional order has been confirmed under this section, it may be
varied or rescinded in the same manner as if it had originally been made by the
confirming court, and, where on an application for rescission or variation the court
is satisfied that it is necessary to remit the case to the court which made the order
for the purpose of taking any further evidence, the court may so remit the case and
adjourn the proceedings for the purpose.
(7)  Where an order has been so confirmed, the person bound thereby shall
have the same right of appeal, if any, against the confirmation of the order as he
would have had against the making of the order had the order been an order made
by the court confirming the order.
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(8)  At the hearing of any summons issued by virtue of this section or of any
appeal against the confirmation under this section of a provisional order, any State
Counsel or any person duly qualified as a barrister or solicitor holding office in the
Attorney-General’s Chambers may appear on behalf of the person upon whose
application the maintenance order was made.
[Act No. 32 of 1961, Sch., L.N. 18/1964, L.N. 168/1964, Act No. 4 of 1974, Sch.]
7.  Enforcement of orders
(1)  The court in which an order has been registered under this Act, or by which
an order has been confirmed by this Act, and the officers of that court, shall take
all such steps for enforcing the order as may be prescribed.
(2)  Every such order shall, without prejudice to any other mode of recovery, be
a civil debt recoverable summarily.
(3)  A warrant of distress or commitment issued by a subordinate court for the
purpose of enforcing any order so registered or confirmed may be executed in any
part of Kenya in the same manner as if the warrant had been originally issued
or subsequently endorsed by a subordinate court having jurisdiction in the place
where the warrant is executed.
[Act No. 32 of 1961, Sch.]
8.  Proof of documents
Any document purporting to be signed by a judge of a court in the United
Kingdom or Eire shall, until the contrary is proved, be deemed to have been so
signed without proof of the signature or judicial or official character of the person
appearing to have signed it, and the officer of a court by whom a document is signed
shall, until the contrary is proved, be deemed to have been the proper officer of the
court to sign the document.
[Act No. 4 of 1974, Sch.]
9.  Depositions to be evidence
Depositions taken in a court in the United Kingdom or Eire may be received in
evidence in proceedings before subordinate courts under this Act.
[Act No. 4 of 1974, Sch.]
10.  Reciprocity between Kenya and other countries
Where the Minister is satisfied that reciprocal provisions have been made by the
legislature of any country to which for the time being section 95 of the Constitution
applies for the enforcement within such country of maintenance orders made by
courts in Kenya, the Minister may by notice extend this Act to that country, and this
Act shall thereupon apply in respect of that country as though the reference to the
United Kingdom or Eire were references to that country and the references to the
Secretary of State were references to the competent authority of that country.
[L.N. 406/1961, Act No. 11 of 1970, Sch., Act No. 4 of 1974, Sch.]



MAINTENANCE ORDERS ENFORCEMENT ACT

LAWS OF KENYA
MOHAMMEDAN MARRIAGE, DIVORCE AND
SUCCESSION ACT
CHAPTER 156
Revised Edition 2012 [1962]
Published by the National Council for Law Reporting
with the Authority of the Attorney-General
www.kenyalaw.org

Mohammedan Marriage, Divorce and
CAP. 156

[Rev. 2012]
Mohammedan Marriage, Divorce and
CAP. 156
M21-3 [Issue 1]
CHAPTER 156
MOHAMMEDAN MARRIAGE, DIVORCE AND SUCCESSION ACT
ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS
Section
1. Short title.
2. Interpretation.
3. Mohammedan marriage and divorce.
4. Deleted.
5. Marriages under Marriage Act.
6. Marriages under native law and custom.
7. Rules of court.
CAP. 156
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[Rev. 2012]
[Issue 1] M21-3
[Rev. 2012]
Mohammedan Marriage, Divorce and
CAP. 156
M21-5 [Issue 1]
CHAPTER 156
MOHAMMEDAN MARRIAGE, DIVORCE AND SUCCESSION ACT
[Date of commencement: 29th December, 1920.]
An Act to amend the law relating to divorce and matrimonial causes in the
cases of Mohammedan marriages, and relating to intestate succession in
certain cases
[Act No. 34 of 1920, Cap. 148 of (1948), L.N. 2/1964, Act No. 14 of 1972.]
1.   Short title
This Act may be cited as the Mohammedan Marriage, Divorce and Succession
Act.
[L.N. 2/1964.]
2.   Interpretation
In this Act, except where the context otherwise requires—
“matrimonial cause or suit” means any cause or suit relative to the validity
of a marriage according to Mohammedan law, and any cause or suit relative
to or claiming any species of relief, whether by way of divorce or otherwise, in
respect of Mohammedan marriages, recognized or given by Mohammedan law;
“Mohammedan marriage” means any marriage contracted in accordance
with and recognized as valid by Mohammedan law.
[L.N. 2/1964.]
3.   Mohammedan marriage and divorce
(1)  Mohammedan marriages, whether contracted before or after the
commencement of this Act, shall be deemed to be valid marriages throughout
Kenya, and the parties thereto shall, subject to the provisions of this Act, be entitled
to any relief by way of divorce or otherwise which can be had, granted or obtained
according to Mohammedan law, and such law shall apply accordingly.
(2)  The Supreme Court and every judge thereof shall, subject to the provisions
of this Act, have jurisdiction to hear and determine all matrimonial causes and suits
arising out of Mohammedan marriages, wherever contracted, at the suit of either
party to such marriages, whether such marriages are contracted before or after the
commencement of this Act:
Provided that the Supreme Court shall not exercise any jurisdiction as is hereby
conferred unless the petitioner is resident in Kenya at the time of the institution of
such matrimonial cause or suit.
(3)  In all such matrimonial causes or suits as are mentioned in subsection (1)
of this section, the Supreme Court shall exercise its jurisdiction and act and give
relief upon the principles of Mohammedan law applicable to the same respectively
or otherwise.
(4)  In any such matrimonial causes or suits as aforesaid, the onus of proof
of the principles of Mohammedan law shall be on the parties alleging the same
respectively.
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[Issue 1] M21-6
(5)  Nothing herein contained shall abridge, prejudice or in anywise affect the
jurisdiction of any court of Kadhi as by law established.
(6)  Nothing herein contained shall affect the rights or obligations of any person
who at the time of entering into a Mohammedan marriage was already married
under any law or custom relating to marriages other than Mohammedan marriages
in force in, or recognized by the courts of Kenya.
[L.N. 2/1964.]
4.  Deleted by Act No. 14 of 1972, Sch.
5.   Marriages under Marriage Act
Whoever contracts a Mohammedan marriage being at the time married under
the Marriage Act (Cap. 150) or in accordance with the law of any Christian country,
and without having first obtained a lawful divorce, shall be guilty of an offence and
liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years, and in such a case
Mohammedan law shall have no application.
[L.N. 2/1964.]
6.   Marriages under native law and custom
Whoever contracts a Mohammedan marriage being at any time married in
accordance with native law and custom to any person other than the person with
whom such marriage is contracted, and without having first obtained a divorce
in accordance with native law and custom, shall be guilty of an offence and
liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years, and in such a case
Mohammedan law shall have no application.
7.   Rules of court
The Chief Justice shall have power to make rules of court for the better carrying
into effect of the provisions of this Act; and, in particular, for regulating the exercise
of the jurisdiction by this Act conferred; assimilating, if he deems fit, as far as may
be, the existing practice under the Matrimonial Causes Act (Cap. 152) to all or any
of the matrimonial causes or suits under this Act.
[L.N. 2/1964.]
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CAP. 156
M21-6 [Issue 1]
[Rev. 2012]
Mohammedan Marriage,
Divorce and Succession
CAP. 156
[Subsidiary]
M21-7 [Issue 1]
CHAPTER 156
MOHAMMEDAN MARRIAGE,
DIVORCE AND SUCCESSION ACT
SUBSIDIARY LEGISLATION
List of Subsidiary Legislation
Page
1. Mohammedan Marriage, Divorce and Succession Rules...................................M21 – 9
CAP. 156
Mohammedan Marriage,
Divorce and Succession
[Rev. 2012]
[Subsidiary]
[Issue 1] M21-7
[Rev. 2012]
Mohammedan Marriage,
Divorce and Succession
CAP. 156
[Subsidiary]
M21-9 [Issue 1]
MOHAMMEDAN MARRIAGE, DIVORCE AND SUCCESSION RULES
[Cap. 148 (1948), Sub. Leg, L.N. 2/1964.]
1.  These Rules may be cited as the Mohammedan Marriage, Divorce and Succession Rules.
2.  A summons shall issue in all suits under the Act.
3.  Service shall be effected in the manner provided for the service of summonses by any
law in force relating to civil procedure.
4.  The following fees shall be chargeable—
on a petition for dissolution of marriage or for restitution of conjugal rights, Sh. 30;
for all other matters – such court fees as are in force relating to civil proceedings or to
probate and administration proceedings, as the case may be.
CAP. 156
Mohammedan Marriage,
Divorce and Succession
[Rev. 2012]
[Subsidiary]
[Issue 1] M21-9
[Rev. 2012]
Mohammedan Marriage,
Divorce and Succession
CAP. 156
[Subsidiary]
M21-9 [Issue 1]


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