Publikationsserver der Fachhochschule Potsdam
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Die zu Boden gestürzte Maschine, oder Glaubwürdige Nachricht von dem Leben und sonderbaren Ende des berühmten Arztes de La Mettrie
No full textLa Mettries skandalträchtiges Buch »L’Homme Machine« war Anlass seiner Emigration an den Potsdamer Hof Friedrichs II., wo er von 1748 bis zu seinem rätselhaften Tod im November 1751 lebte und weitere maschinenphilosophische Texte verfasste. Dabei entstanden auch drei kurze, gänzlich in Vergessenheit geratene satirische Schriften, die hier in moderner Typographie neu aufgelegt wurden und mit historischen Anmerkungen sowie einem Nachwort zur intellektuellen Biographie La Mettries versehen sind. Der oftmals nur als Begründer eines mechanischen Materialismus missverstandene Arzt und Philosoph zeigt sich hier als fabulierfreudiger, in wechselnden Rollen und mit (selbst-)ironischen Zuschreibungen jonglierender Schriftsteller, der vor allem deshalb hoch aktuell ist, weil er die Gattungsgrenzen zwischen Menschen, Tieren, Pflanzen und Maschinen hinterfragt.
Die von Ulrich Richtmeyer herausgegebene Reihe »Maschinentexte aus Sanssouci« erscheint exklusiv in den »editionen« des Brandenburgischen Zentrums für Medienwissenschaften (ZeM). Sie widmet sich der Neu- und Erstauflage sowie der Übersetzung jener kleineren maschinenphilosophischen Texte Julien Offray de La Mettries (1709-1751), die während seiner Potsdamer Lebensjahre entstanden sind. Auf der Grundlage dieser Maschinentexte gilt es einerseits La Mettries geistesgeschichtlichen Status schärfer zu konturieren und andererseits die Aktualität seiner Themen und Fragen aufzugreifen, die insbesondere dort sehr hoch ist, wo die Grenzen zwischen den Gattungen fließend werden und wo das wandelbare Verhältnis des Lebendigen zur Technik auch nach intellektueller Beweglichkeit verlangt
Mahogany Spheres
No full textIn the summer of 2017 we had been asked by Dr. Achim Stiegel, curator of the furniture collection at the Museum of Decorative Arts in Berlin, whether teachers and students of the Conservation and Restoration of Wooden Objects programme at the Potsdam University of Applied Sciences, could take a closer look at a few elements of a writing cabinet by Ebenist Joseph Schneevogl made around 1835 – to maybe even try a reconstruction and document the process
Grenzüberschreitende Licht-Spiele
No full textZwischen den Niederlanden und Deutschland bestanden schon immer enge Verbindungen in der Wirtschaft, im Privatleben und natürlich auch in der Kultur. Dabei gibt es weitaus mehr zu entdecken als die üblichen Klischees. Die Nachbarländer verbindet eine lange und bewegte gemeinsame Filmgeschichte.
Die Aufsätze im neuen CineGraph Buch geben einen Eindruck von der Vielfalt dieser internationalen Filmkultur. Einen Schwerpunkt dabei bilden der Nationalsozialismus und seine Auswirkungen auf die Filmschaff enden beider Länder. Die traumatische Zeit der Besatzung und des Zweiten Weltkriegs hat nicht nur allgemein im deutsch-niederländischen Verhältnis deutliche Spuren hinterlassen, sondern spiegelt sich explizit in der Filmproduktion wider und findet auch im niederländischen Nachkriegs-Spielfilm Ausdruck. Dass die deutsch-niederländischen Beziehungen die Filmgeschichte beider Länder nachhaltig geprägt haben, zeigt sich zum einen im Einfluss, den deutsche Filmschaff ende – zumeist Emigrierte – in den 1930er Jahren beim Aufbau einer niederländischen Tonfilmproduktion hatten; zum anderen waren in den 1960er Jahren niederländische Protagonisten maßgeblich an der Entwicklung des Neuen Deutschen Films beteiligt.
Zum Thema des Sammelbandes erschien im November 2020 bereits das cinefest-Katalogbuch "Kino, Krieg und Tulpen. Deutsch-Niederländische Filmbeziehungen"
Denotative and connotative management of uncertainty
No full textThe interplay between intuitive and deliberative processing is known to be important for human decision making. As independent modes, intuitive processes can take on many forms from associative to constructive, while deliberative processes often rely on some notion of decision theoretic rationality or pattern matching. Dual process models attempt to unify these two modes based on parallel constraint networks or on socially or emotionally oriented adjustments to utility functions. This paper presents a new kind of dual process model that unifies decision theoretic deliberative reasoning with intuitive reasoning based on shared cultural affective meanings in a single Bayesian sequential model. Agents constructed according to this unified model are motivated by a combination of affective alignment (intuitive) and decision theoretic reasoning (deliberative), trading the two off as a function of the uncertainty or unpredictability of the situation. The model also provides a theoretical bridge between decision-making research and sociological symbolic interactionism. Starting with a high-level view of existing models, we advance Bayesian Affect Control Theory (BayesACT) as a promising new type of dual process model that explicitly and optimally (in the Bayesian sense) trades off motivation, action, beliefs and utility. We demonstrate a key component of the model as being sufficient to account for some aspects of classic cognitive biases about fairness and dissonance, and outline how this new theory relates to parallel constraint satisfaction models
Overview of the CLEF–2021 CheckThat! Lab on Detecting Check-Worthy Claims, Previously Fact-Checked Claims, and Fake News
No full textWe describe the fourth edition of the CheckThat! Lab, part of the 2021 Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum (CLEF). The lab evaluates technology supporting tasks related to factuality, and covers Arabic, Bulgarian, English, Spanish, and Turkish. Task 1 asks to predict which posts in a Twitter stream are worth fact-checking, focusing on COVID-19 and politics (in all five languages). Task 2 asks to determine whether a claim in a tweet can be verified using a set of previously fact-checked claims (in Arabic and English). Task 3 asks to predict the veracity of a news article and its topical domain (in English). The evaluation is based on mean average precision or precision at rank k for the ranking tasks, and macro-F1 for the classification tasks. This was the most popular CLEF-2021 lab in terms of team registrations: 132 teams. Nearly one-third of them participated: 15, 5, and 25 teams submitted official runs for tasks 1, 2, and 3, respectively
Connotative meanings of sustainable mobility
No full textChanging people’s travel behaviours and mode choices is an important mitigation option to reduce greenhouse gas emission in transport. Previous studies have shown that symbolic meanings associated with new low-emission vehicles and travel services influence people’s willingness to adopt these innovations. However, little is known about the symbolic meanings of many upcoming transport innovations, which often influence habitual decision-making and their stratification within the population. This study thus examines cultural affective meanings of a broad range of conventional and novel transport mode options in a nationally representative German sample. Cluster analysis of affective meanings of travel modes identified six unique traveller segments. These consumer groups differ significantly in their intention to adopt low-emission travel modes and are characterized by specific psychographic, socio-demographic and behavioural profiles. The results demonstrate that affective meanings of choice options are predictive regarding the attitudes and (intended) behaviour of traveller segments. Moreover, the invariant positive meanings of conventional cars across segments indicate the strong cultural embeddedness of this mode in society. We discuss the implications of our approach for the development of government strategies for sustainable transport
Future research on information technology in knowledge management
No full textOver the past two decades, knowledge management (KM) and the use of information technologies (IT) has attracted increasing interest. IT is widely considered as a vital part of KM, providing means for knowledge creation, sharing, and capture. However, failures of KM in organizational practice are often attributed to an overemphasis of IT. Although KM and IT seem inextricably linked, research still struggles to identify a proper composition of the two. Via input from a global panel of KM experts from academia and practice (n = 222), we identify social software; consumerization (of knowledge); human factors; and the redesign of work, systems, and practices as future key research areas. These are contrasted with review papers proposing research in technologies aimed at supporting KM. On this basis, we present a future research agenda that should enhance the relationship between KM and IT, including their intersection through technology enablers
Artificial Intelligence and Social Simulation
No full textRecent advances in artificial intelligence and computer science can be used by social scientists in their study of groups and teams. Here, we explain how developments in machine learning and simulations with artificially intelligent agents can help group and team scholars to overcome two major problems they face when studying group dynamics. First, because empirical research on groups relies on manual coding, it is hard to study groups in large numbers (the scaling problem). Second, conventional statistical methods in behavioral science often fail to capture the nonlinear interaction dynamics occurring in small groups (the dynamics problem). Machine learning helps to address the scaling problem, as massive computing power can be harnessed to multiply manual codings of group interactions. Computer simulations with artificially intelligent agents help to address the dynamics problem by implementing social psychological theory in data-generating algorithms that allow for sophisticated statements and tests of theory. We describe an ongoing research project aimed at computational analysis of virtual software development teams