Repository of Polytechnic Lavoslav Ružička Vukovar
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ATHLETIC HEART SYNDROME AND SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH
No full textSportsko srce ili sindrom sportskog „atletskog“ srca je prilagodba srca na intenzivne treninge gdje dolazi do povećanja srčane šupljine i debljine miokarda, uz usporenje srčane frekvencije u mirovanju. Srčana potrošnja kisika u naporu je manja, što povećava srčanu rezervu, a pumpna funkcija srca je poboljšana. U sportovima koji traju kraće i gdje je manje opterećenje, neće doći do razvoja sportskog srca. Sportsko srce je zdravo srce i nije samo po sebi uzrok iznenadne srčane smrti. Do iznenadne srčane smrti dolazi za vrijeme tjelesnog napora koja je uglavnom izazvana koronarnim bolestima, najčešće je uzrok hipertrofična kardiomiopatija. Često sportaši ne znaju da boluju od koronarnih bolesti te im je iznenadna srčana smrt jedini simptom. Prevencija je veoma bitna kod bavljenja intenzivnom tjelesnom aktivnošću i sa redovitim pregledima se može izbjeći ono najgore. Osobe sa dijagnosticiranim koronarnim bolestima se mogu i trebaju baviti tjelesnom aktivnošću, ali u određenoj mjeri i određenom intenzitetu.Sports heart, or "athletic" heart syndrome, is the adaptation of the heart to intense exercise that results in an increase in the cardiac cavity and myocardial thickness, with the heart rate slowing at rest. The cardiac oxygen consumption during exertion is lower, which increases the heart reserve and the pumping function of the heart is improved. Exercise that is shorter and less stressful does not lead to a sports heart. Sports heart is a healthy heart and is not a cause of death in itself. Sudden cardiac death occurs during physical activity primarily caused by coronary artery disease, the most common cause being hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Athletes often do not know they have coronary artery disease and sudden cardiac death is their only symptom. Prevention is very important if you are vigorous physical activity and the worst can be avoided with regular checkups: People diagnosed with coronary artery disease can and should be physically active, but to a certain extent and with a certain intensity
THE ROLE OF PHYSIOTHERAPISTS IN THE REHABILITATION OF WOMEN AFTER MASTECTOMY AND RECONSTRUCTION BREAST
No full textKarcinom dojke je najčešće zloćudno oboljenje kod žena i nastaje kada se stanice počinju nekontrolirano umnožavati i rasti te zarastati u zdravo okolno tkivo ili metastazirati odnosno širiti se u udaljenje organe i dijelove tijela. Postoje razni čimbenici rizika koji mogu doprinijeti nastanku karcinoma dojke. Najčešći prvi oblik liječenja jest kirurški zahvat. Nakon izvedene mastektomije, dojku je moguće rekonstruirati. Komplikacije koje se javljaju nakon odrađene kirurške terapije najčešće su pojava boli i limfedema ruke. Fizioterapijskim postupcima nastoji se smanjiti bol te pacijentici omogućiti vraćanje svakodnevnim životnim aktivnostima. Provodi se rana i kasna postoperativna fizioterapija i kompletna dekongestivna fizioterapija limfedema.Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women and occurs when cells begin to multiply and grow uncontrollably and spread into healthy surrounding tissue or metastasize or spread to distant organs and body parts. There are various risk factors that can contribute to the development of breast cancer. The most common and the first form of treatment is surgery. After a mastectomy is performed, the breast could be reconstructed. Complications that occur after surgical therapy are most often the appearance of pain and lymphedema of the hand. Physiotherapy procedures are used to reduce pain and enable the patient to return to daily life activities. Early and late postoperative physiotherapy and complete decongestant physiotherapy of lymphedema are performed
LEVEL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF THE WORKING-AGE POPULATION DURING COVID - 19 EPIDEMIC
No full textLjudsko tijelo građeno je za aktivnost, te kako bi pravilno funkcioniralo potrebna mu je tjelesna aktivnost. Svakodnevna tjelovježba može poboljšati i kognitivne funkcije u svakoj dobi, a dugotrajni sedentarni život može imati štetan efekt i utjecati na psihosocijalni razvoj, neovisnost i mentalno zdravlje. Kako je tjelesna aktivnost izuzetno bitna i za održavanje zdravlja, kondicije, tjelesnih sposobnosti, tako je bitna i u prevenciji bolesti kao i liječenju postojećih oboljenja i tako je od izuzetne važnosti i u današnje vrijeme kada je zamaha uzela COVID-19 epidemija i koja sa svim svojim obilježjima ograničava stanovništvo što bi moglo dovesti do sedentarnog načina života, tjelesne neaktivnosti, nezadovoljstva ili, jednostavno rečeno, ugrožavanja tjelesnog i mentalnog zdravlja. Stoga je glavni cilj ovog istraživanja bio procijeniti razinu tjelesne aktivnosti radnoaktivne populacije i zadovoljava li ta razina preporuke Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 580 ispitanika koji su uzorkovani metodom „snježne grude“ i koji su ispunjavali anonimnu online anketu koja je sadržavala pitanja o općim demografskim podacima i IPAQ anketni upitnik. Dobiveni rezultati su pokazali da je radnoaktivna populacija dosta aktivna s obzirom na cjelokupnu situaciju i da, ne samo da zadovoljavaju, nego i premašuju preporuke Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije za tjednu količinu tjelesne aktivnosti.The human body is built for activity, and in order to function properly, it needs physical activity. Daily exercise can also improve cognitive functions at any age, and a long sedentary life can have a detrimental effect and affect psychosocial development, independence, and mental health. As physical activity is extremely important for maintaining health, fitness, physical abilities, it is also important in disease prevention and treatment of existing diseases, and so it is extremely important today when the COVID-19 epidemic has gained momentum and which with all its characteristics restricts the population which could lead to a sedentary lifestyle, physical inactivity, dissatisfaction or, simply put, a threat to physical and mental health. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to assess the level of physical activity of the working population and whether this level meets the recommendations of the World Health Organization. The survey included 580 respondents who were sampled by the "snowball" method and who filled out an anonymous online survey containing questions on general demographic data and an IPAQ survey questionnaire. The obtained results showed that the working population is quite active considering the overall situation and that they not only meet, but also exceed the recommendations of the World Health Organization for the weekly amount of physical activity
PREVENTION OF LONG RECLINING COMPLICATIONS
No full textKomplikacije koje nastaju dugotrajnim ležanjem su dekubitus, duboka venska tromboza, kontrakture, respiratorne komplikacije i atrofija mišića. Dugotrajno ležanje ima negativne posljedice na respiratorni, lokomotorni i kardiovaskularni sustav. Dekubitus se definira kao lokalizirana promjena kože iznad koštane izbočine, a nastaje zbog dugotrajnog pritiska. Duboku vensku trombozu karakterizira pojava tromba u dubokim venama ekstremiteta. Pacijenti koji dugo leže također su izloženi riziku od razvoja kontraktura zglobova koja je karakterizirana ukočenošću i nemogućnošću izvođenja pokreta. Najteža upalna bolest dišnog sustava je pneumonija, a respiratorni sustav je najviše zahvaćen tijekom dugotrajnog ležanja. Dugotrajnim ležanjem dolazi i do gubitka mišićne mase, odnosno atrofije. Sve komplikacije dugotrajnog ležanja preveniraju se kretanjem, odnosno čestim promjenama položaja ukoliko osoba ne može ustati iz kreveta, provođenjem vježbi i održavanjem higijene. Postupak prevencije je individualan za svakog pacijenta.Complications that occur with prolonged lying down are pressure ulcers, deep vein thrombosis, contractures, respiratory complications and muscle atrophy. Prolonged lying down has negative consequences on the respiratory, locomotor and cardiovascular systems. Decubitus is defined as a localized change in the skin above the bony protrusion and it occurs due to prolonged pressure. Deep vein thrombosis is characterized by the appearance of a thrombus in the deep veins of the extremity. Patients who lie down for a long time are also at risk of developing joint contractures characterized by stiffness and inability to perform movements. The most severe inflammatory disease of the respiratory system is pneumonia, and the respiratory system is most affected during prolonged lying down. Prolonged lying down also leads to loss of muscle mass, ie atrophy. All complications of long-term lying down are prevented by movement, ie frequent changes of position, if a person cannot get out of bed, by performing exercises and maintaining hygiene. The prevention procedure is individual for each patient
APPLICATION AND IMPACT OF MANUAL TECHNIQUES ON THE MUSCULOSKEKETAL SYSTEM
No full textManualna terapija je dio postupaka u sklopu rehabilitacijskog procesa u kojem se poboljšanje stanja pacijenta postiže kroz primjenu ruku terapeuta. Datira još iz antičkih vremena te nastavlja igrati značajnu ulogu u trenutnoj zdravstvenoj zaštiti. . Manualne tehnike uključuju razne oblike masaže, mobilizaciju mekog i živčanog tkiva, mobilizaciju i manipulaciju zglobova, visceralnu mobilizaciju koju koristi manualni terapeut u procesu prevencije, dijagnosticiranja i liječenja mekih tkiva i drugih zajedničkih struktura u svrhu smanjenja boli, povećavanja opsega pokreta, smanjenja ili uklanjanja upala mekih tkiva, induciranog opuštanja, poboljšanja oporavka mekih tkiva, poboljšanja stabilnosti, olakšavanje kretanja i poboljšanja funkcije. Često predstavlja najvažniji dio fizikalne terapije. Različiti koncepti nazvani su po autorima koji su ih primijenili danas definiraju pristup i način provođenja manualne terapije. Sve ove tehnike zahtijevaju dodatnu edukaciju terapeuta, odličnu percepciju i bogato iskustvo. Širok raspon različitih tehnika omogućava prilagođavanje tretmana za svakog pojedinca. Što je terapeut širi u spektru znanja, to je efikasniji u ishodu liječenja, ovisno o problemu i željenim efektima. To je iz tog razloga što je određena tehnika bolja za određenu specifičnu patologiju. Manualni terapeut mora vladati znanjima iz patologije, biomehanike, ergonomije, primijenjene anatomije i fiziologije, analize kretanja, terapijske dijagnostike, izvođenja tehnike, prakse kao i psihosocijalnih čimbenika koji utječu na ishode terapije i njenu učinkovitost.. Njenim tehnikama se mogu vrlo uspješno tretirati razna oboljenja i ozljede. Cilj ovog rada je prikazati razne načine i principe provođenja manualnih tehnika te istražiti njihov utjecaj na mišićno-koštani sustav.Manual therapy is a part of the procedure in rehabilitation process in which the improvement of the patient's condition is achieved through the application of the therapist's hand. Dating back to ancient times it continues to play a significant role in current health care. Manual techniques include various forms of massage, soft and nerve tissue mobilization, joint mobilization and manipulation, visceral mobilization used by a manual therapist in the process of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of soft tissues and other joint structures to reduce pain, increase range of motion, reduce or eliminate inflammation soft tissue, induced relaxation, improved soft tissue recovery, improved stability, facilitated movement, and improved function. It is often the most important part of physical therapy. Different concepts named after the authors who applied them today define the approach and manner of conducting manual therapies. All of these techniques require additional therapist education, excellent perception, and a wealth of experience. A wide range of different techniques allows you to customize the treatment for each individual. The wider the therapist’s range of knowledge, the more effective he or she is in the outcome of treatment, depending on the problem and the desired effects. This is because a certain technique is better for a certain specific pathology. The manual therapist must have knowledge of pathology, biomechanics, ergonomics, applied anatomy and physiology, movement analysis, therapeutic diagnostics, performance of techniques, practice and psychosocial factors that affect the outcomes of therapy and its effectiveness. This techniques can be very successfull in treating various diseases and injuries. The aim of this paper is to present various ways and principles of performing manual techniques and to investigate their impact on the musculoskeletal system
ETHICS AND TRADE BUSINESS
No full textEtika je postala neizostavna sastavnica svakog poslovanja. Ona uključuje određena pravila poslovnog ponašanja, načela i normi koje zahtijevaju pravedno postupanje svih sudionika na tržištu. U radu su obrađene sastavnice poslovne etike, njezine prednosti i nedostaci kao i utjecaj etike na trgovinsko poslovanje. Cilj svake organizacije je profitabilnost, ali danas se ta profitabilnost mora ostvarivati u skladu s etičkim normama kako bi organizacije zadržale mjesto na globalnom tržištu te bile konkurentne uz postizanje određenih ciljeva. Pridržavajući se etičkog poslovanja, organizacije lakše ostvaruju svoju svrhu postojanja u sve težim i zahtijevnijim uvjetima tržišta. Svrha ovoga rada jest prikazati važnost etike u poslovnom svijetu te zašto ona u današnje vrijeme dobija sve veći značaj kada se promatra uspješnost poslovanja i zdrave konkurencije na tržištu.Ethics has become an indispensable component of every business. It includes certain rules of business conduct, principles and norms that require fair treatment of all market participants. The paper deals with the components of business ethics, its advantages and disadvantages as well as the impact of ethics on trade operations. The goal of every organization is profitability, but today that profitability must be achieved in accordance with ethical norms in order for organizations to maintain their place in the global market and be competitive while achieving certain goals. By adhering to ethical business, organizations more easily achieve their purpose of existence in increasingly difficult and demanding market conditions. The purpose of this paper is to show the importance of ethics in the business world and why it is gaining in importance nowadays when looking at business performance and healthy competition in the market.
MEMBER POSSIBILITY INFLUENCE OF REPRESENTATIVE BODY SELF- ADMINISTRATION UNIT ON MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF SELF-ADMINISTRATION UNITS
No full textOsnovni cilj ovog rada je istražiti i utvrditi ulogu i mogućnost utjecaja člana predstavničkog tijela jedinice samouprave na upravljanje i razvoj jedinice samouprave. Rad prvo objašnjava što je to predstavnička demokracija te kako predstavnici lokalne samouprave mogu utjecati na građane. Potom se objašnjava pojam predstavničkih tijela jedinica samouprave, objašnjavaju se njihove nadležnosti kao i utjecaj lokalne samouprave na život stanovnika u tim samoupravama. Drugi zadnji dio rada donosi konkretne primjere uloga članova predstavničkih tijela jedinica samouprave u financiranju jedinice samouprave. Premda u narodu vrijedi pravilo da političari žele samo prispodobiti sebi i svojim bližnjima te da gledaju samo na sebe, ipak se u navedenim primjerima može vidjeti da postoje i oni političari (vijećnici) koji razmišljaju kako pomoći građanima koji žive u samoupravama u kojima oni imaju vlast. Te se tako primjerice može vidjeti da su se pojedini odrekli svojih plaća kako bi učenicima pomogli u plaćanju autobusnih karti.The main goal of this paper is to investigate and determine the role and possibility of the influence of a member of the representative body of an administrative unit in the management and development of self-government units. The paper first explains what it is like for a representative democracy how local government representatives can influence citizens. Then the notion of representative bodies of a self-government unit is explained, explaining their competencies as well as the influence of local self-governments on the life of the inhabitants in those self-governments. The second last part of the paper provides concrete examples of the roles of members of the representative bodies of a self-government unit in the financing of selfgovernment units. Although the rule is that politicians only want to liken themselves and their relatives to look only at themselves, in the above examples it can be seen that there are also politicians (councilors) who are thinking of helping citizens living in self-government in which they have power. Thus, for example, it can be seen that some of their own are paid to help students pay for bus tickets
PROPERTY AND SHARE CAPITAL OF A TRANDING COMPANY
No full textPrema Zakonu o trgovačkim društvima, u Republici Hrvatskoj trgovačka se društva dijele na društva osoba i društva kapitala. Društva osoba su javno trgovačko društvo, komanditno društvo i gospodarsko interesno udruženje, a društva kapitala su dioničko društvo i društvo ograničene odgovornosti. Ovih se pet vrsti trgovačkih društava razlikuju s obzirom na način osnivanja, a imaju i različito uređen odnos prema imovini te prema temeljnom kapitalu. Imovina je u svih pet vrsti društava u jednakom položaju pa se imovina društva razlikuje od osobne imovine članova. Članovi, kada unesu imovinu u društvo, prestaju biti njezini vlasnici te ta imovina postaje imovina društva. U društvima se razlikuje imovinska odgovornost članova za dugovanja. U javnom trgovačkom društvu, svi su članovi jednako i solidarno odgovorni za dugovanja, odnosno obveze društva svom svojom imovinom. U komanditnom društvu, komplementar odgovara neograničeno i svom svojom imovinom za obveze društva, a komanditor odgovara isključivo svojim ulogom ili do visine svojega uloga, u gospodarskom interesnom udruženju, članovi odgovaraju za obveze udruženja neograničeno cijelom svojom imovinom. U dioničkom društvu i društvu s ograničenom odgovornošću članovi nisu odgovorni za obveze društva. Dioničko društvo i društvo s ograničenom odgovornošću imaju određene najniže iznose temeljnog kapitala, a društva osoba nemaju. U Republici Hrvatskoj najviše se osnivaju društva kapitala, a vrlo je malo društva osoba.According to the Companies Act, in Croatia companies and companies are divided into companies. The companies are a public company,a limited partnership and a economic interest union and the capital companies are a limited liability company and limited liability company. These five types of companies differ in their manner of establishment and have a different understanding of the relationship with the assets and equity capital. The assets are in all five types of companies in the same situation and the assets of the undertaking are different from the personal assets of the members. Members, when entering their assets into a company, cease to be owners and these assets become the assets of the company. Companies distinguish between members’ property liability for debts. In a public company, all membersare equally and jointly liable for debts, liabilities of the company to their assets. In the limited company, the complement is responsible unlimited and its assets for the obligations of the company, and the commander is solely responsible for the role or to the extent of the role in the economic interest association, members are liable for the obligations of the association unlimited by their entire assets. In a joint stock company and limited liability company the members are not responsible for the company’s obligations. A public limited liability company and a limited liability company have certain minimum amounts of share capital and companies do not. Capital companies are set up in the Republic of Croatia, with very few companies being very limited
PERSONAL SALES - CREATING CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPS
No full textPojam osobne prodaje prezentira neposrednu komunikaciju sa potencijalnim kupcem, odnosno proces razvijanja odnosa između kupca i prodavača, pružanje podataka, otkrivanje potreba i na kraju usklađivanje proizvoda prema istim potrebama. Razvijajući kvalitetan odnos partnera, kupca i prodavača, zajedno sa otkrivanjem potreba potrošača, stvara se određena vrijednost. Vrijednost se pridodaje osobnoj prodaji te se dolazi do termina prodaje s dodanom vrijednošću. Termin se može definirati kao niz poboljšanja tijekom prodajnog procesa, a navedeni procesi produbljuju kupčevo iskustvo. Osobna prodaja proizlazi iz tri osnovne pretpostavke, a to su: vrednovanje osobne prodaje, usvajanje marketinških shvaćanja, te preuzimanje uloge rješitelja problema. Razne taktike i strategije su ključ uspješnosti poslovanja osobne prodaje kao i navedene pretpostavke. Razvoj dobre strateške prodaje, odnosno dobro strateško planiranje je cilj svake osobne prodaje proizlazeći od toga da je stanje na tržištu svakim danom sve složenije.The concept of personal selling refers to direct communication with a prospective customer, that is, the process of developing a relationship between the customer and the salesperson, providing data, discovering needs, and finally matching the product to those needs. By developing a quality relationship between partners, the customer and the salesperson, along with discovering consumer needs, a certain value is created. This value is added to personal selling, creating the concept of value-added personal selling. It can be defined as a series of improvements during the sales process that deepens the customer experience. Personal selling is based on three underlying assumptions: valuing personal selling, adopting marketing knowledge, and assuming the role of the problem solver. In addition to those assumptions, various tactics and strategies are critical to the success of personal selling. The goal of every personal selling is developing good strategic sales, that is, good strategic planning, with the market situation becoming more complex every day
HUMAN RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS
No full textAutorica ovoga djela smatra da priznanje i zaštita ljudskih prava i sloboda predstavlja sam temelj moderne zapadne civilizacije. Zašto se zapadna civilizacija gleda kao perjanica zaštite ljudskih prava, postoje li neke druge civilizacije iz kojih Zapad crpi izvore zaštite ljudskih prava i sloboda, koji su pravni akti koji čine krunu zaštite ljudskih prava i sloboda? Koja tijela, ljudi i organizacije su doprinijele njenom nastanku i kao rezultat čega su jedna od mnogih pitanja čije odgovore istraživač nastoji pronaći u ovom istraživanju. U potrazi za odgovorima, autorica neposredno proučava recenzirana istraživanja međunarodnih i tuzemnih stručnjaka potaknuta riječima Elvisa Presleya; "Istina je poput Sunca. Možeš je zanemariti ali ona neće otići" Metodom istraživanja sekundarne i objavljene literature, autorica proučava definicije ljudskih prava kroz povijest te pravne akte u kojima se one nalaze od Hamurabijevog zakonika pa do modernih izvora poput Europske Konvencije za zaštitu ljudskih prava i temeljnih sloboda i te protokole koji uz nju dolaze. Autorica također proučava definiciju ljudskih prava s gledišta dviju prevladavajućih teorija, primjenu odgovornosti države, pojedinca i organizacija za zaštitu ljudskih prava i sloboda te moderne institucije koja ta prava i slobode štite.The author of this paper believes that the recognition and protection of human rights and freedoms are the very foundation of modern Western civilization. Why is Western civilization perceived as the flagship of human rights protection, are there any other civilizations from which the West draws sources of protection of human rights and freedoms, what are the legal acts that form the crown of human rights and freedoms protection in the West? What bodies, people and organizations contributed to its emergence? These are many questions whose answers the researcher seeks to find in this research. In pursuit of answers, the researcher directly studies peerreviewed research by international and domestic experts prompted by the words of Elvis Presley; "The truth is like the Sun. You can ignore it, but it won't leave." Using the method of researching secondary and published literature, the author studies the definitions of human rights throughout history and legal acts in which they are, from the Hammurabi Code to modern sources such as the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and its protocols. The author also studies the definition of human rights from the point of view of the two prevailing theories, the application of the responsibilities of the state, the individual and organizations for the protection of human rights and freedoms, and modern institutions that protect these rights and freedoms