Repository of Polytechnic Lavoslav Ružička Vukovar
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ANKLE SPRAIN IN A FOOTBALL PLAYER
No full textGornji nožni zglob je dinamički i statički najopterećeniji zglob u ljudskom tijelu te je stoga najčešće ozljeđivani zglob gledajući osteoligamentarne ozljede. Intervencije za prevenciju uganuća gležnja podrazumijevaju korištenje tapea i ortoza, jačanje mišića evertora te provedbu proprioceptivnog treninga. Rizični faktori za nastanak lateralnog uganuća gležnja nisu dovoljno točno utvrđeni. Ozljede u sportu nastaju kombinacijom više različitih faktora. Najučestaliji mehanizam nastanka ozljede lateralnog uganuća gležnja je kombinacija pokreta inverzije i plantarne fleksije. Uganuće gležnja je najučestalija ozljeda kod fizički aktivne populacije s posebnim naglaskom u nogometu. Nogomet je najpopularniji i najmasovniji sport na svijetu pa tako i u Hrvatskoj. Uganuće gležnja zbog visoke stope nastanka ponovne ozljede predstavlja značaj teret za sustav sportske medicine. Ozljeda uganuća gležnja je praćena bolom, otokom, promjenom boje kože i poteškoćama pri hodanju. Postoje tri stupnja uganuća gležnja ovisno o veličini oštećenja te o broju zahvaćenih ligamenata. Postavljanje dijagnoze uganuća gležnja vrši se prikupljanjem anamnestičkih podataka uz provedbu fizikalnog pregleda, RTG-a, specifičnih testova te ponekad i ultrazvučnog pregleda ili magnetske rezonance. Liječenje uganuća gležnja se dijeli na konzervativno i kirurško. Najčešće se tretira konzervativno, osim ako je prisutno ozbiljno oštećenje ligamenata i okolnih struktura gležnja. Fizioterapeut nakon učinjene procjene i utvrđivanja stupnja i kompleksnosti ozljede provodi konzervativan način liječenja. Trenutno ne postoji zlatni standard za liječenje uganuća gležnja. Terapijske vježbe je uvijek potrebno provoditi. Potrebni su višedimenzionalni tretmani kako bi se ubrzao proces oporavka odnosno kako bi se sportaš što prije vratio treningu i natjecanju. S obzirom da su određeni podaci o ozljedi i načinu liječenja uganuća gležnja kod nogometaša i sportaša i dalje konfliktni, potrebno je prikupiti sve relevantne radove na ovu temu, analizirati ih te pružiti adekvatne zaključke. Ovaj diplomski rad nastoji odgovoriti na sve nepoznanice vezane uz ovu temu.Ankle is the most dynamically and statically stressed joint in the human body and is therefore the most commonly injured one looking at osteoligamentary injuries. Interventions for the prevention of ankle sprains include the use of tape and orthoses, strengthening of the evertor muscles and proprioceptive training. Risk factors for lateral ankle sprain have not been identified with sufficient accuracy. Injuries in sports are caused by a combination of several different factors. The most common mechanism of lateral ankle sprain injury is a combination of inversion movement and plantar flexion. Ankle sprain is the most common injury among physically active population, especially in football. Football is the most popular sport in the world, including Croatia. Due to the high recurrence rate, ankle sprain is a great burden for the sports medicine system. An ankle sprain injury is accompanied by pain, swelling, skin discoloration, and difficulty walking. There are three degrees of ankle sprain depending on the size of the damage and the number of ligaments involved. The diagnosis of ankle sprain is made by collecting anamnestic data with the implementation of physical examination, X-ray, specific tests and sometimes ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging. Ankle sprain treatment can be conservative or surgical. It is usually treated conservatively, unless severe damage to the ligaments and surrounding structures of the ankle is present. After assessing and determining the degree and complexity of the injury, the physiotherapist conducts a conservative method of treatment. There is currently no gold standard for treating ankle sprains. Therapeutic exercises should always be performed. Multidimensional treatments are needed to speed up the recovery process, and to get the athlete back to training and competition as soon as possible. Given that certain data on the injury and treatment of ankle sprains in football players and athletes are still conflicting, it is necessary to collect all relevant papers on this topic, analyze them and provide adequate conclusions. This paper seeks to answer all the unknowns related to this topic
THE ROLE OF COMMUNAL POLICE IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DECISION ON COMMUNAL ORDER ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF SEMELJCI
No full textTema ovog završnog rada je uloga komunalnog redarstva u provedbi Odluke o komunalnom redu na primjeru Općine Semeljci. Odluka o komunalnom redu definira odredbe koje se odnose na uređenje naselja, a tiče se javnih površina, pokretnih i drugih stvari, javnu rasvjetu, uklanjanje snijega i leda, sanitarno komunalne mjere uređenja naselja, uklanjanje protupravno postavljenih predmeta, mjere za provođenje komunalnog reda te kaznene odredbe. U posebnom dijelu rada bit će prikazana uloga komunalnih redara i pri provedbi drugih pravnih akata, a koji su usko povezani sa Odlukom o komunalnom redu Općine Semeljci.This undergraduate thesis is on the role of municupal services monitoring system in the implementation of the Decision on Communal Order based on the example of Semeljci Municipality. Regulations related to the settlements organization within the stated municipality, including public areas, movable properities and other thing, public lighting, snow and ice plowing, removal of illegally placed objects or obstractios, regulations concering sanitary measures, measures for conducting communal oreder, as well as penal actions are defined by the Decision on Communal Oreder. Within a separate section of this paper, a role of municipal servises monitoring officers in conducting other legal acts made by the representative body of the Municipality of Semeljci and closely related to the Decision on Communal Oreder will also be presented
ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION
No full textDanas, više nego ikad, u teoriji i poslovnoj praksi ističe se snažna veza između poduzetništva i inovacija. Razlozi tome leže u činjenici da su inovacije evidentno važne za gospodarski razvoj i rast. U širem smislu riječi one obuhvaćaju organizacijske, poslovne, administrativne i druge vrste inovacija, od kojih je posebno važno istaknuti tehnološke inovacije. U užem smislu riječi inovacije obuhvaćaju intelektualno vlasništvo kao što je izum, patent, know how, industijski dizajn i slično. Cilj rada je prikazati vezu između inovacija i poduzetništva, odnosno novih znanja i ICT tehnologija. U radu se, kroz praktični primjer, prikazuje jedna od najznačajnijih i najinovativnijih hrvatskih tvrtki u svijetu – Rimac automobili.Today, more than ever, in theory and business practice there is a strong link between entrepreneurship and innovations. The reasons for this are in the fact that innovations are evidently important for economic development and growth. In a broader sense, they include organizational, business, administrative and other types of innovations, of which technological innovations are particularly important. In a narrower sense, innovations include intellectual property such as invention, patent, know-how, industrial design and the like. The aim of this paper is to show the connection between innovations and entrepreneurship, i.e. new knowledge and ICT technologies. The paper, through a practical example, shows one of the most important and the most innovative Croatian companies in the world - Rimac cars
E-COMMERCE IN THE EU
No full textCilj ovog završnog rada je analiziranje načina rada E-trgovine kako u Republici Hrvatskoj tako i na tržištu Europske unije. U današnje vrijeme ljudi sve manje vremena imaju na raspolaganju, radi ubrzanog života su sve više počeli koristiti elektroničku trgovinu. Kako nas je i zadesila ova novonastala situacija sa COVID-19 virusom internet trgovina je doživila veliki porast radi zatvaranja trgovina zbog epidemioloških mjera kako kod nas u Republici Hrvatskoj tako i u ostatku svijeta. Potrošačima je to omogućilo mogućnost nabavke proizvoda odnosno usluga samo sa par klikova mišem. Radi internet trgovine potrošač ima mogućnost većeg izbora proizvoda odnosno usluga. Državljani EU imaju bolju informatičku pismenost od stanovnika u Republici Hrvatskoj, ali u zadnjih par godina vidiljiv je snažan napredak i u RH. Europska unija i njene članice su počeli provoditi razne mjere radi poboljšanja i rasta internet trgovine i informatičke pismenosti kod svojih državljana.The aim of this paper is to analyse the way e-commerce works both in Croatia and on the EU market. Nowadays, people have less and less time at their disposal, and because of their busy lifestyle they have started using e-commerce to a greater extent. As we have also faced the COVID-19 situation, e-commerce has experienced a large increase due to physical stores closing because of the preventive measures here in Croatia as well as in the rest of the world. This enabled consumers to purchase products and services with just a few mouse clicks. Online stores provide a wider choice of products and services for the consumer. EU citizens show higher computer literacy than Croatian citizens, although there has been a visible improvement over the last few years in Croatia as well. EU and its members have started implementing various measures in order to improve and expand e-commerce and computer literacy among its citizens
DOWN SYNDROME OPPORTUNITIES AND IMPEDIMENTS
No full textU ovom diplomskom radu prikazane su karakteristike i funkcije djece s Down sindromom te njihovim zdravstvenim poteškoćama. Rad se temelji na proučavanju problematike djece koja su rođena s tim kromosomskim poremećajem u suočavanju sa životom, fizičkim i psihološkim preprekama te stigmom okruženja u kojem se nalaze. Kroz rad opisana je povijest bolesti i njene karakteristike te simptomi kroz kliničke slike. Nadalje, suočavanje roditelja kroz prepreke i mogućnosti koje se danas mogu iskoristiti u napredovanju i olakšanju života djeci rođenoj s Down sindromom i njihovim roditeljima. Teškoće s kojima se nose obitelji i djeca, a kasnije i odrasli ljudi koji imaju Down sindrom prikazan je kroz mogućnosti društva općenito, zdravstva i zajednice te u prikazu slučaja u ovom radu.This thesis presents the characteristics and functions of children with Down syndrome with their health difficulties. The paper is based on the study of the problems of children born with this chromosomal disorder in coping with life, physical and psychological barriers and the stigma of the environment in which they find themselves. The paper describes the history of the disease and its characteristics and symptoms through clinical pictures. Furthermore, confronting parents through obstacles and opportunities that can be used today to advance and make life easier for children born with Down syndrome and their parents. The difficulties faced by families and children, and later by adults who have Down syndrome, are presented through the possibilities of society in general, health and the community, and in the case report in this paper
POSSIBILITIES OF APPLYING DNS CONCEPT IN LUMBAR PAIN SYNDROME
No full textKrižoboljom se smatra bol, mišićna napetost i nelagoda na području donjeg dijela leđa. Križobolja se prema trajanju obično dijeli na akutnu koja traje do 3 mjeseca te na kroničnu koja traje duže od 3 mjeseca. Liječenje križobolje može biti konzervativno, interventno ili kirurško. DNS vježbe imitiraju pokrete i položaje djeteta u ranom djetinjstvu kako bi što više aktivirali duboke intrinzične mišiće trupa umjesto onih površinskih. Primjena spomenute metode danas pokazuje vrlo uspješne rezultate u liječenju križobolje. Glavni cilj ovog rada bio je prikazati osnovna saznanja o zdravstvenom problemu današnjice, koji je ujedno i jedan od najčešćih – lumbalnom bolnom sindromu te mogućnost primjene dinamičke neuromuskularne stabilizacije u saniranju istog.Pain, muscle tension and general feeling of discomfort in the lower back area is usually called lower back pain. Aforementioned pain is categorized as acute if it lasts up to threee months and chronic if its presence exceeds the three month period. Lower back pain can be treated in a conservative, urgent or surgical manner. DNS excercises imitate movements and postures that are typical to people in early childhood stages in order to activate certain intrinsic muscles rather than those closer to surface. DNS has shown successful results when applied as a treatment method for lower back pain. The specific goal of this theses is to demonstrate basic information about a common health issue, scientifically named lumbar pain syndrome, while pointing out DNS as a potentially successful method for treating it
INTERNET ADDICTION IN ADOLESCENTS
No full textInternet je postao sveprisutan i u nekim aspektima svakodnevnog funkcioniranja čak i nezaobilazan. Uz sav svoj bogati sadržaj i facilitirajuće efekte, može potaknuti ovisničko ponašanje. Ovisnost o internetu je rastući zdravstveni problem u svijetu. Povećani su napori usmjereni karakteriziranju faktora rizika za razvoj ovisnosti i posljedicama pretjerane uporabe. Adolescenti su ranjiva skupina koja traži svoj identitet i gradi temelje za odrasli život. Iz kojeg razloga neki posrću pod utjecajem interneta u usporedbi s drugima, odnosno kakva to psihosocijalna stanja pokazaju značajnu korelaciju s pretjeranim korištenjem, razradit će se u ovom radu, kao i moguće fizikalne posljedice. Također, istaknut će se i neke neurološke značajke potvrđene istraživanjima. Spomenut će se i statistički podaci iz određenih dijelova svijeta, testovi i intervencije.The Internet has become omnipresent and even unavoidable in some aspects of everyday functioning. With its abundance of content and facilitating effects, it can incite addictive behavior. Internet addiction is a growing health problem on a global scale. Increased efforts have been made to characterize risk factors for addiction development and outcomes of excessive use. Adolescents are a vulnerable group concerned with identity seeking and building foundations for their adult life. For what reason some of them stumble under influence of the internet in relation to others, or what psychosocial conditions indicate a significant correlation with excessive use, will be elaborated in this work, as well as possible physical outcomes. Also some neurological implications, confirmed by research, shall be pointed out. Statistic data from certain parts of the world, tests and interventions will be brought up as well
THE EFFECT OF ADVERTISING ON CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
No full textPredmet završnog rada je oglašavanje orijentirano na djecu i mlade. U modernom svijetu djeca su od najmlađe dobi izložena utjecaju medija. Najveći utjecaj na djecu i mlade vrši se putem oglašavanja na televiziji te putem raznih internetskih stranica i društvenih mreža kojima djeca i mladu imaju neometan pristup. Oglašavanje je u današnjemu modernom društvu najzastupljeniji oblik plaćene promocije određenih usluga ili proizvoda te se oglašavanjem vrši utjecaj na ciljano tržište. U ovome radu to se konkretno odnosi na tržište koje zastupaju djeca i mladi. Cilj ovoga rada je istražiti mišljenja i stavove adolescenata o utjecaju oglašavanja putem društvenih mreža. Na temelju provedenog istraživanja i prikupljenih sekundarnih podataka radom se ispituje i hipoteza. Provedeno je primarno istraživanje pomoću anketnog upitnika na slučajnom uzorku kako bi ste došlo do potrebnih podataka te je korištena relevantna literatura.The subject of the final paper is advertising oriented to children and adolescents. In the modern world, children are exposed to the influence of the media from an early age. The greatest impact on children and adolescents is made through advertising on television and through various websites and social networks to which children and young people have unhindered access. In today's modern society, advertising is the most common form of paid promotion of certain services or products, and advertising has an impact on the target market. In this paper, this specifically refers to the market represented by children and youth. The aims of this paper is to investigate the opinions of adolescents about the impact of advertising on social media. Based on the conducted research and the collected secondary data, the paper also examines the hypothesis. A primary survey was conducted using a randomized sample questionnaire to obtain the necessary data and the relevant literature was used
EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION AND ITS IMPACT ON COMPANYS SUCCESS
No full textZaposlenike treba motivirati kako bi bili uspješniji u poslu koji obavljaju. Najvažniju ulogu u motivaciji zaposlenika ima menadžment odnosno menadžeri. Menadžment je proces upravljanja koji je definiran određenim zadacima i ciljevima. U prvom dijelu rada govori se o menadžmentu, njegovoj definiciji, pojmu, funkcijama, menadžerskim kompetencijama i upravljanju ljudskim resursima. Osnovne funkcije menadžera su planiranje, kadroviranje, vođenje i kontroliranje. U drugom dijelu rada govori se o motivaciji i ocjenjivanju zaposlenika te zadovoljstvu na poslu. Osim materijalne motivacije postoji i druga – ona nematerijalna. Nematerijalna motivacija može isto pozitivno utjecati na motivaciju zaposlenika, a odnosi se na korištenje službenog automobila, korištenje službenog mobitela, sudjelovanje radnika u upravljanju, fleksibilno radno vrijeme, razna priznanja, organizacijska kultura, usavršavanje i daljnje školovanje. Kod nezadovoljstva zaposlenika dolazi do anksioznosti na poslu, demotivacije i stresa. U ovom radu prikazuju se ciljevi i izazovi s kojima se menadžeri susreću kako bi iz zaposlenika izvukli njihov maksimum u poslovima koje obavljaju. Na kraju ovoga rada provedeno je anketno ispitivanje koje je pokazalo da bi većina ispitanika više radila kada bi za to bili više plaćeni i da su nezadovoljni nagradama koje im poduzeće isplaćuje.Employees need to be motivated to be more successfull in the work thay perform. The most important role in employee motivation is played by the management. Manegement is a process that is defined by specific tasks and goals. In the first part of the paper write about managment. Its definition, concept, functions, managerial competencies and human resource management. The basic functions of a manager are planning, staffing, leading and controlling. In the second part of the paper, writing about motivation and employee evaluation and job satisfacion.. Apart from material motivation, there is another- the intangible one. Intangible motivation can also have a positive effect on employee motivation, and refers to for example, the use of an official car, the use of an official mobile phone, employee participation in management, flexibile working hours, various awards, organizational culture, training and further education are just some of the inagible employee motivations. Employee dissatisfaction leads to anxiety at work, demotivation and stress. This paper presents the goals and challenges that managers face in order to get the most out of their employees in the jobs they perform. At the end of this papaer, a survay was conducted which showed the most respondents would work more if thay were paid more for it and that they werw dissatisfied with the rawards paid to them by the company
THE PHYSIOLOGICAL BASES OF HYDRATION
No full textVoda je glavna komponenta ljudskog tijela, raspoređena je u svakoj stanici, tkivu i organu. Većina organa sadrži više od 70% vode, a najveći udio je u krvi i bubrezima. Voda čini oko 60% tjelesne težine. Raspoređena je u dva glavna odjeljka: unutarstanični i izvanstanični. Unutarstanični odjeljak je veći i predstavlja oko dvije trećine tjelesne vode, dok izvanstanični predstavlja jednu trećinu tjelesne vode. Fiziološke uloge vode u tijelu su vrlo značajne. Voda je nužna za život i za održavanje optimalne razine hidracije. Na ravnotežu vode u tijelu utječu unos hrane, razina tjelesne aktivnosti, dob i uvjeti okoline. To podrazumijeva preciznu regulaciju ravnoteže vode tijekom 24 sata te pravilan unos i gubitak vode. Dehidracija je proces gubitka vode iz tijela. Ovisno o koncentraciji elektrolita u vodi postoje tri tipa dehidracije: izotonična ili izonatrijemijska, hipertonična ili hipernatrijemijska i hipotonična ili hiponatrijemijska dehidracija. Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija napravila je podjelu dehidracije na blagu, umjerenu i tešku. Hidracija se odnosi na posjedovanje dovoljne količine tekućine u tjelesnim tkivima i može se odrediti različitim metodama. Koriste se subjektivne, objektivne i laboratorijske metode. Preporučeni dnevni unos vode je od 1,5-2 l.Water is the main part of the human body and it is distributed throughout every cell, tissue and organ. Most of the organs contain more than 70% of the water and the largest part of the water is placed in our blood and kidneys. Water represents about 60% of the body weight. Water is distributed in two main sections: intracellular and extracellular. Intracellular section is the largest and it presents about two-thirds body water, while extracellular section presents one-third of the body water. Physiological roles of body water are very important to our lives. Water is necessary for our life and for maintaining optimal hydration levels. The water balance is affected by the foodweeat, by the level of our physical activity, our age and environmental conditions. That implies precise regulation of the water balance during 24 hours as well as proper water intake and loss. Dehydration is the process of losing water from the body. Depending on the electrolyte concentration in the water, there are 3 types of dehydration: isotonic, hypertonic and hypotonic dehydration. World Health Organization (WHO) classify dehydration on 3 other types : mild, moderate and heavy. Hydration refers to the possession of a sufficient amount of fluid in body tissues and it can be determined by different methods. Methods that are used for determining hydration are: subjective, objective and laboratory method. The recommended daily water intake is 1,5-2 L.