Repository of Polytechnic Lavoslav Ružička Vukovar
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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND INJURY PREVENTION
No full textU današnjem brzom svijetu, održavanje aktivnog načina života sve se više prepoznaje kao ključna komponenta cjelokupnog zdravlja i dobrobiti. Tjelesna aktivnost, koja obuhvaća niz vježbi od ležernog hodanja do intenzivnog sportskog treninga, nudi brojne zdravstvene prednosti, uključujući poboljšanu kardiovaskularnu kondiciju, poboljšano mentalno zdravlje i bolje upravljanje tjelesnom težinom. Tjelesna aktivnost ima ključnu ulogu u očuvanju zdravlja i poboljšanju kvalitete života. Međutim, iako su koristi tjelesne aktivnosti dobro dokumentirane, postoji i rizik od ozljeda, osobito kod onih koji se bave intenzivnijim ili nepravilno strukturiranim aktivnostima. Jednako važan aspekt tjelesne aktivnosti je njezina uloga u prevenciji ozljeda u kojoj su bitni različiti faktori, poput vrste aktivnosti, učestalosti vježbanja i primjene preventivnih mjera. Ozljede, posebice one povezane s fizičkim naporom, mogu značajno utjecati na kvalitetu života pojedinca, uzrokujući bol, smanjenu pokretljivost i produljena razdoblja oporavka. Unatoč rizicima povezanim s tjelesnom aktivnošću, dokazi upućuju na to da redovita i pravilno organizirana tjelovježba može igrati ključnu ulogu u ublažavanju tih rizika. Razumijevanje odnosa između tjelesne aktivnosti i prevencije ozljeda je ključno za razvoj učinkovitih strategija za poboljšanje sigurnosnih i zdravstvenih rezultata.In today's fast-paced world, maintaining an active lifestyle is increasingly recognized as a key component of overall health and well-being. Physical activity, which encompasses a range of exercises from leisurely walking to intense sports training, offers numerous health benefits, including improved cardiovascular fitness, improved mental health and better weight management. Physical activity plays a key role in maintaining health and improving the quality of life. However, although the benefits of physical activity are well documented, there is also a risk of injury, especially for those who engage in more intense or improperly structured activities. An equally important aspect of physical activity is its role in the prevention of injuries, in which various factors are important, such as the type of activity, the frequency of exercise and the application of preventive measures. Injuries, especially those related to physical exertion, can significantly affect an individual's quality of life, causing pain, reduced mobility and prolonged recovery periods. Despite the risks associated with physical activity, evidence suggests that regular and properly organized exercise can play a key role in mitigating these risks. Understanding the relationship between physical activity and injury prevention is critical to developing effective strategies to improve safety and health outcomes
PARENTS INFLUENCE ON PSYCHOLOGY OF YOUNG ATHLETES
No full textSport je vrsta aktivnosti kojom se može utjecati na motoričke vještine djece od najranije dobi, ali utječe i na ostale aspekte života. Mnogo ljudi u sportu ima utjecaj na mlade sportaše. U zadnjim desetljećima se sve više istražuje o utjecaju roditelja na razvoj sportaša. Roditeljska uloga ima jednu od ključnih uloga, a ona može biti emocionalna, financijska ili organizacijska podrška. Roditelji svojim ponašanjem mogu utjecati na ponašanje sportaša. Ako roditelji imaju razumijevanja i imaju pozitivne obrasce ponašanja, tada će i njihovo dijete se tako ponašati u sportu. Bitno je razgovarati sa sportašem o događanjima u sportu i klubu jer kroz razgovor i razumijevanje mogu povećati razinu motivacije. Bez razgovora, s velikim pritiskom i očekivanjima utječu na smanjenje motivacije i djeca se prestaju baviti sportom. Roditelji bi trebali imati pozitivan odnos s trenerom te pomagati u balansiranju između školskih i sportskih obaveza kako bi mladi sportaš bio uspješan na oba polja. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio istražiti kakav utjecaj imaju roditelji na mlade sportaše.Sport is a type of activity that can influence the motor skills of children from an early age, but it also affects other aspects of life. Many people in sports have influence on young athletes. In recent decades, there has been increasing research on the influence that parents have on the development of an athlete. The role of a parent has some of the crucial functions, and those are emotional, financial, or organizational support. Parents behaviour can influence the behavior of an athlete.If parents have understanding and positive behavior patterns, then their child is likely to behave similarly in sports. It's important to talk with the athlete about things going on in sports and the club because through conversation and understanding they can increase their level of motivation.Without conversation, with high pressure and expectations, they can decrease motivation, leading children to quit sports. Parents should have a positive relationship with the coach and help balance school and sports obligations to ensure the young athlete is successful in both areas. The aim of this research was to explore what kind of influence parents have on young athletes
VOJTA CONCEPT - CHOICE IN THE TREATMENT OF NEUROLOGICAL PATIENTS, ADULTS AND CHILDREN
No full textVojta koncept predstavlja terapijski pristup u neurorehabilitaciji koji se koristi u tretmanu djece i odraslih s neurološkim poremećajima. Koncept je razvio češki pedijatar Vaclav Vojta i primjenjuje se širom svijeta u radu s pacijentima s različitim neurološkim stanjima kao što su cerebralna paraliza, moždani udar, multipla skleroza i druga neurološka stanja. Terapija prema Vojta konceptu temelji se na refleksnom aktiviranju mišića i pokreta kroz stimulaciju određenih točaka na tijelu kroz razne položaje. Položaji potiču aktivaciju dubokih mišića, stabilizacije zglobova i integraciju refleksa. Ono dovodi do poboljšanja motoričkih funkcija, ravnoteže i koordinacije pokreta kod pacijenta. U ovom završnom radu navest će se osnove terapije po Vojti, njezine prednosti, izvođenje i rezultati nakon terapije kod neuroloških pacijenata, koji potvrđuju njezinu učinkovitost.The Vojta concept represents a therapeutic approach in neurorehabilitation that is use din the treatment of children and adults with neurological disorders. The concept was developed by the Czech pediatrician Vaclav Vojta and is applied worldwide in working with patients with various neurological conditions such as cerebral palsy, stroke, multiple sclerosis and other neurological conditions. Therapy according to the Vojta concept is based on reflex activation of muscles and movements through stimulation of certain points on the body through different positions. Positions encourage deep muscle activation, joint stabilization and reflex integration. It leads to improvement of motor functions, balance and coordination of movements in patient. In this final paper, the basics of therapy according to Vojta, its advantages, execution and results of therapy in neurological patients, which confirm its effectiveness, will be stated
PHYSIOTHERAPY INTERVENTION IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
No full textMultipla skleroza (lat. sclerosis multiplex) je autoimuna, progresivna demijelizirajuća neurološka bolest nepoznate etiologije, koju karakterizira propadanje mijelinske ovojnice aksona i mnogobrojna žarišta lezije u središnjem živčanom sustavu. Danas postoji oko 2 milijuna oboljelih, a najviše su rasprostranjeni u razvijenim zemljama i hladnijim područjima. Prvi simptomi se javljaju između 20. i 40. godine života, pa se može reći da je multipla skleroza bolest mladog čovjeka. Kliničku sliku obilježava umor, bol, mišićni spazam, tremor te urinarna i seksualna disfunkcija. Multipla skleroza je sama po sebi kompleksna, pa je tako i njeno liječenje također kompleksno. U akutnoj fazi se upotrebljava pulsna terapija kortikosteroidima, a u remisijskoj fazi imunomodulacijska terapija i fizioterapija. Teško je odrediti koja je fizioterapijska intervencija najbolja za sve oboljele, pa se najčešće primjenjuju fizioterapijske vježbe, elektroterapija, hidroterapija i masaža. Osim farmakološke terapije i fizioterapije, veliku ulogu u liječenju ima i psihoterapija.Multiple sclerosis (lat. sclerosis multiplex) is an autoimmune, progressive demyelinating neurological disease of unknown etiology, which is characterized by deterioration of the myelin sheath of axons and numerus lesion centers in the central nervous system. There are about 2 million patients with multiple sclerosis today and they are most prevalent in the developed countries and colder areas. The first symptoms appear between the ages of 20 to 40, so it can be said that multiple sclerosis is a disease of young people. Clinical picture is marked by fatigue, pain, muscle spasm, tremor, urinary and sexual dysfunction. Multiple sclerosis is complex in itself, so its treatment is also complex. In the acute phase, pulse therapy with corticosteroids is used and in the remmision phase immunomodulation therapy and physiotherapy are used. It is difficult to determine which physiotherapy intervention is best for all patients, so the most common interventions are physiotherapy exercises, electrotherapy, hydrotherapy and massage. In addition to pharmacological therapy and physiotherapy, psychotherapy also plays a major role in treatment
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE TYPE OF STRETCHING IN FITNESS PREPARATION AND REHABILITATION
No full textU današnje vrijeme postoji sve više nesuglasica oko odabira pojedine metode istezanja u svrhu što bolje izvedbe u glavnom dijelu treninga i tijekom natjecanju. Isto tako, nakon ozljede sportaša postoji pitanje koje vrste istezanja će pripomoći u dolasku do bržeg i kvalitetnijeg oporavka i povratka sportu. U sportu i rehabilitaciji primjenjuju se različite metode istezanja, poput statičkog istezanja, dinamičkog istezanja, balističkog istezanja te proprioceptivne neuromuskularne facilitacije, ovisno o izboru sportaša, programu treninga i samoj vrsti sporta. Sve te metode imaju ulogu poboljšati fleksibilnost na određen način. Vježbe istezanja se najčešće provode u kondicijskoj pripremi sportaša, odnosno pri zagrijavanju, kao i u rehabilitacijskom procesu, kako bi se prvenstveno poboljšala fleksibilnost i samim time i mobilnost, koja uvelike utječe na performans sportaša. Cilj istraživanja bio je sustavnim pregledom literature utvrditi prednosti i nedostatke vježbi istezanja kod kondicijske pripreme i rehabilitacije.Nowadays, there are more and more disagreements about selecting a particular method of stretching to ensure a better performance in the main part of the training and during the competition. Likewise, after an athlete's injury, there is a question of what types of stretching will help to achieve a faster and better recovery and the return to sports. Depending on the athlete's choice, the training program and the type of sport itself, different methods of stretching are used in sports and rehabilitation, such as static stretching, dynamic stretching, ballistic stretching and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation. All these methods have the role of improving flexibility in a certain way. Stretching exercises are most often performed during the fitness preparation of athletes, i.e. during the warm-up, as well as in the rehabilitation process, in order to primarily improve flexibility and therefore mobility, which greatly affects the performance of athletes. The aim of the research was to determine the advantages and disadvantages of stretching exercises in fitness preparation and rehabilitation through a systematic review of the literature
PHYSIOTHERAPY AFTER TRIPLE PELVIC OSTEOTOMY
No full textDisplazija kuka je pojam koji pod tim nazivom podrazumijeva niz morfoloških i anatomskih promjena femura i acetabuluma od subluksacije femura i blago izraţenih promjena acetabuluma do potpune luksacije femura i nerazvijenosti acetabuluma. Cilj samog liječenja displazije kuka je vraćanje primarne anatomske strukture zgloba kuka, odgaĎanje pojave i/ili prevencija ostoartritisa kuka, odgaĎanje potrebe za endoprotezom kuka i povećanje funkcije zgloba kuka. Trostruka osteotomija zdjelice je zahvat u koje se zdjelica presjeca na tri mjesta, na crijevoj kosti (os ilium), preponskoj (os pubis) i na sjednoj kosti (ramus ossis ischi) te se acetabulum preusmijerava na ţeljenu poziciju najčešće anterolateralno. Najčešće izvoĎeni zahvati su pariacetabularna osteotomija po Ganzu i trostruka osteotomija zdjelice po Steelu. Rehabilitacija pacijenata nakon trostruke osteotomije zdjelice predstavlja velik izazov i zahtijeva duboko razumijevanje samog operativnog zahvata. Potrebno je mnogo strpljenja i predanosti kako bi se postigao pozitivan ishod. Terapijski pristup mora biti individualiziran, s prilagoĎenim fizioterapijskim planom i intervencijama, razvijenim u suradnji s pacijentom, uzimajući u obzir njegove mogućnosti i motivaciju. Takav pristup je ključan za poboljšanje kvalitete ţivota pacijenta i smanjenje rizika od komplikacija.Hip dysplasia is a term that encompasses a range of morphological and anatomical changes in the femur and acetabulum, from mild subluxation of the femur and mildly pronounced changes in the acetabulum to complete dislocation of the femur and underdevelopment of the acetabulum. The main goals of treating hip dysplasia are to restore the primary anatomical structure of the hip joint, delay the onset and/or prevent osteoarthritis of the hip, postpone the need for a hip endoprosthesis, and improve hip joint function. A triple pelvic osteotomy is a procedure in which the pelvis is cut in three places: the ilium, the pubis, and the ischium. The acetabulum is then repositioned to the desired position, usually anterolateral. The most commonly performed procedures are the Ganz periacetabular osteotomy and the Steel triple pelvic osteotomy. Rehabilitation of patients after a triple pelvic osteotomy presents a significant challenge and requires a deep understanding of the surgical procedure itself. It requires a great deal of patience and dedication to achieve a positive outcome. The therapeutic approach must be individualized, with a tailored physiotherapy plan and interventions developed in collaboration with the patient, taking into account their capabilities and motivation. Such an approach is crucial for improving the patient's quality of life and reducing the risk of complications
THE EUROPEAN DIGITAL MARKET AND ITS IMAPCT ON THE ECONOMY
No full textU radu će se općenito govoriti o digitalizaciji i razvoju digitalne tehnologije koja će biti važna za daljnje i što bolje razumijevanje digitalnog tržišta, te načina na koje ono utječe na gospodarstvo. Bazirati ćemo se ponajviše na sveprisutno jedinstveno digitalno tržište za Europu i obilježja digitalnog tržišta, te na sve više proširenu digitalnu trgovinu ali i tržišno natjecanje.The paper will generally talk about digitalization and the development of digital tehnology, which will be important for further and better understanding of the digital market, and the ways which it affects the economy. We will be based mainly on the ubiquitous digital single market for Europe and the characteristics of the digital market, as well as on the increasingly expanded digital trade and market competition
PUBLIC RELATIONS ETHICS AND BUSINESS ETHICS IN COMPANIES
No full textOvaj završni rad fokusira se na poslovnu etiku, s posebnim naglaskom na etiku odnosa s javnošću. U prvom dijelu rada analizira se pojmovno određenje poslovne etike, gdje se istražuje povijest njezinog razvoja, različiti oblici koje može poprimiti te izazovi s kojima se organizacije suočavaju u nastojanju da implementiraju etičke standarde u svojem poslovanju. Poslovna etika se može promatrati izolirano; ona je duboko ukorijenjena u kulturi organizacije i ključna je za donošenje odluka koje ne samo da zadovoljavaju pravne norme, već i etička očekivanja društva.This final thesis focuses on business ethics, with a special emphasis on the etics of public relations. In the first parto of the paper, the conceptual definition of business ethics is analyzed, where the history of its development, the different forms it can take and the challenges faced by organizations in their efforts to implement ethical standard sin their business are investigated. Business ethics cannot be viewed in insolation; it is deeply rooted in the culture of the organization and is essential for making decisions that not only meet legal norms, but also the ethicsl expectations of society
CORRELATION BETWEEN THE LEVEL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND THE OCCURRENCE OF PAIN IN THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM IN MIDDLE-AGED WOMEN
No full textMišićno-koštana bol predstavlja čest problem među ženama srednje životne dobi koje prolaze kroz niz fizioloških i hormonalnih promjena koje značajno utječu na njihovu kvalitetu života. Mišićno-koštani sustav igra ključnu ulogu u pokretljivosti i funkcionalnosti tijela, ali je podložan raznim bolestima i bolovima, što postaje izraženije s godinama. Tjelesna aktivnost definira se kao svaki pokret tijela koji uključuje mišićnu kontrakciju i potrošnju energije veću nego u mirovanju. Iako je tjelesna aktivnost poznata po svojim širokim zdravstvenim dobrobitima, njezin odnos s mišićno-koštanom boli varira ovisno o vrsti, intenzitetu i učestalosti vježbanja, kao i o individualnim čimbenicima poput hormonalnog statusa i prethodnih stanja. Redovita tjelesna aktivnost niskog do umjerenog intenziteta može ublažiti mišićno-koštanu bol povećanjem snage mišića, poboljšanjem funkcije zglobova i smanjenjem upale. Osim toga, takva aktivnost može poboljšati opću pokretljivost i smanjiti rizik od daljnjih ozljeda, čime doprinosi boljoj kvaliteti života. Tjelesna aktivnost kao terapijska intervencija za upravljanje mišićno-koštanom boli u žena srednje dobi zahtijeva pažljivo razmatranje individualnih potreba i ograničenja. Prilagođeni programi vježbanja koji uzimaju u obzir hormonalni status, vrstu i intenzitet tjelesne aktivnosti ključni su za optimizaciju boli i poboljšanje kvalitete života u ovoj populaciji. Osim tjelesne aktivnosti, važni su i drugi aspekti kao što su pravilna prehrana, održavanje zdrave tjelesne težine i psihološka podrška, koji zajedno doprinose cjelokupnom zdravlju mišićno-koštanog sustava. Tjelesna aktivnost ima ključnu ulogu u promicanju zdravlja, prevenciji i liječenju mišićno – koštane boli. Cilj ovoga rada je utvrditi postoji li povezanost između razine tjelesne aktivnosti i pojave boli mišićno koštanog sustava kod žena srednje životne dobi.Musculoskeletal pain is a common problem in middle-aged women who go through a series of physiological and hormonal changes that significantly affect their quality of life. The musculoskeletal system plays a key role in the mobility and functionality of the body, but it is subject to various diseases and pains, which become more pronounced with age. Physical activity is defined as any body movement that involves muscle contraction and energy consumption greater than at rest. Although physical activity is known for its broad health benefits, its relationship with musculoskeletal pain varies depending on the type, intensity, and frequency of exercise, as well as individual factors such as hormonal status and preexisting conditions. Regular physical activity of low to moderate intensity can relieve musculoskeletal pain by increasing muscle strength, improving joint function, and reducing inflammation. In addition, such activity can improve general mobility and reduce the risk of further injury, thus contributing to a better quality of life. Physical activity as a therapeutic intervention for the management of musculoskeletal pain in middle-aged women requires careful consideration of individual needs and limitations. Tailored exercise programs that take into account hormonal status, type and intensity of physical activity are key to optimizing pain and improving quality of life in this population. In addition to physical activity, other aspects such as proper nutrition, maintaining a healthy body weight and psychological support are also important, which together contribute to the overall health of the musculoskeletal system. Physical activity plays a key role in health promotion, prevention and treatment of musculoskeletal pain. The aim of this work is to determine whether there is a connection between the level of physical activity and the appearance of pain in the musculoskeletal system in middle-aged women
IMPACT OF CAESARIAN SECTION ON MOTHER AND CHILD
No full textCarski rez je operativni zahvat kojim se otvara trbušna šupljina, presijeca prednja trbušna stijenka te maternica s ciljem poroda djeteta. Incidencija carskog reza je u porastu, razlog tomu najčešće nisu medicinske indikacije, nego želja majke. S obzirom da se radi o operativnom zahvatu postoje rizici te se mogu javiti posljedice. Majke koje rađaju carskim rezom često imaju problem u povezivanju s djetetom te se mogu javiti različiti simptomi nekih psihijatrijskih oboljenja. Kod majki najčešće su fizičke promjene, poput, bolova u leđima, bolova i priraslica ožiljka, različite infekcije, ozljede organa, ali i mogući problemi s posteljicom u budućim trudnoćama. Novorođenčad rođena carskim rezom može imati različite posljedice. Češće razvijaju respiratorne komplikacije, atopijske bolesti, diabetes mellitus tipa 1, pretilost i sporiji kognitivni razvoj. Carski rez u najgorem slučaju može dovesti do mortaliteta ili morbiditeta majke i/ili djeteta.A cesarean section is a surgical procedure that involves opening the abdominal cavity, cutting through the anterior abdominal wall, and the uterus to deliver a baby. The incidence of cesarean sections is on the rise, and the reason for this is often not medical indications, but rather the mother's preference. Since it is a surgical procedure, there are risks, and consequences that may ocur. Mothers who give birth by cesarean section often have difficulty bonding with the child and may experience various symptoms of certain psychiatric disorders. Physical changes common in mothers, such as back pain, scar pain and adhesions, various infections, organ injuries, and possible placenta problems in future pregnancies. Newborns delivered by cesarean section may face various consequences. They develop more frequently respiratory complications, atopic diseases, type 1 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and slower cognitive development. In the worst case, a cesarean section can lead to the mortality or morbidity of the mother and/or child