Repository of Polytechnic Lavoslav Ružička Vukovar
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INFLUENCE OF PHYSICAL THERAPY PROCEDURESON ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS
No full textAnkilozantni spondilitis spada u reumatske bolesti odnosno u skupinu spondiloartritisa. Ova bolest zahvaća sakroilijakalne zglobove, zglobove kralježnice, korjenske zglobove (kuk, rame). Vrlo rijetko ova bolest zahvaća male zglobove šake i stopala. Češće se pojavljuje kod muškaraca u dobi od 15 do 29 godina. Po svojoj kliničkoj slici se ne posumnja odmah na ankilozantni spondilitis zato što se manifestira bolovima u lumbalnoj kralježnici i otežanom pokretljivošću. Kralježnica u krajnjoj fazi djeluje poput bambusovog štapa. Zbog patoloških promjena na zglobovima dolazi do ispružanja vratne lordoze, pojačavanja torakalne kifoze, smanjenja lumbalne lordoze i smanjenja mogućnosti širenja prsnog koša. Dijagnoza se postavlja na osnovu ananmeze, kliničke slike, laboratorijskih nalaza (HLA-B27) i radioloških nalaza sakroilijakalnih zglobova. Ne zna se točan uzrok ove bolesti pa je terapija bazirana na simptomima i prilagođena fazi bolesti. Terapijske metode koje se koriste u liječenju su kineziterapija, farmakoterapija, hidroterapija, masaža, elektroterapija, krioterapija. Kirurško liječenje se radi u slučaju komplikacija.Ankylosing spondylitis is one of rheumatic diseases,so it belongs to the group of spondyloarthritis. This disease affects sacroiliac joints, spine joints, big joints (hip, shoulder). This disease very rarely affects the small joints of the hands and feet. It appears more often in men between the ages of 15 and 29. Based on its symptoms, ankylosing spondylitis is not immediately diagnosed because it is manifested by pain in the lumbar spine and difficulty in spine mobility. The spine in its final stage looks like a bamboo stick. Due to pathological changes in the joints, neck lordosis is stretched, thoracic kyphosis is increased, lumbar lordosis is reduced and the possibility of chest expansion is reduced. The diagnosis is based on the history, symptoms, laboratory findings (HLA-B27) and radiological findings of the sacroiliac joints. The exact cause of this disease is not known, so therapy is based on symptoms and adapted to the stage of the disease. Therapeutic methods used in treatment are kinesitherapy, pharmacotherapy, hydrotherapy, massage, electrotherapy, cryotherapy. Surgical treatment is performed in case of complications
THE PSYCHOPATHOLOGY OF ADOLESCENTS
No full textAdolescencija je vremenski period između dobi djetinjstva i odrasle dobi, počinje u različitom periodu i ima individualno i različito vremensko trajanje. Adolescencija prosječno traje od jedanaeste do dvadesete godine života. Adolescente karakterizira konstantna komparacija sa njihovim vršnjacima s kojima žele imati što više zajedničkih značajki i poveznica, a ukoliko otkriju bilo kakvo odstupanje u odnosu na svoje vršnjake, osjećaju se manje vrijednima i stvara se mogućnost nastanka psihičkih poteškoća. Adolescent koji nije sposoban ispuniti vlastite tipične ciljeve razvoja, doživljava psihopatološke poremećaje od kojih su najčešći poremećaj identiteta, poremećaj spolnog identiteta, poremećaj prilagodbe te specifična radna ili akademska inhibicija. Osim toga, u toj je dobi vrlo česta pojava tjeskobe, depresije i poremećaja raspoloženja te poremećaja hranjenja i različitih ovisnosti. Anksioznost, depresija i poremećaji raspoloženja u adolescentnoj dobi mogu biti uzrokovani tjelesnim promjenama, odnosima s vršnjacima, roditeljskim pritiskom, usporedbom s društveno nametnutom slikom fizičkog izgleda i sl. Poremećaji prehrane u adolescentnoj dobi najčešće su anoreksija, bulimija i ortoreksija. Ovisnosti su u adolescentnoj dobi definirane kao neuropsihijatrijski poremećaj koji se manifestira ponavljajućom i nekontroliranom željom adolescenta da konzumira sredstvo ovisnosti, a najčešća su sredstva alkohol, droge te moderna sredstva kao što je hrana, kockanje, društvene mreže te kupovina.Adolescence is the period of time between childhood and adulthood, begins at different times and has individual and different durations. Adolescence lasts an average of eleven to twenty years of age. Adolescents are characterized by constant comparison with their peers with whom they want to have as many common features and connections, and if they discover any deviation from their peers, they feel less valuable and the possibility of psychological difficulties. An adolescent who is unable to meet his or her typical developmental goals experiences psychopathological disorders, the most common of which are identity disorder, gender identity disorder, adjustment disorder, and specific work or academic inhibition. In addition, anxiety is very common at this age, depression and mood disorders and eating disorders and various addictions. Anxiety, depression and mood disorders in adolescence can be caused by physical changes, relationships with peers, parental pressure, comparison with the socially imposed picture of physical appearance, etc. Eating disorders in adolescence are most often anorexia, bulimia and orthorexia. Addictions in adolescence are defined as a neuropsychiatric disorder that manifests itself in the recurrent and uncontrolled desire of adolescents to consume addictive drugs, and the most common drugs are alcohol, drugs and modern means such as food, gambling, social networks and shopping
DIET THERAPY AND THE IMPORTANCE OF PHYSIOTHERAPIST IN GOUT DISEASE
No full textGiht je oblik upalnog artritisa kojem je glavno obilježje hiperuricemija i intraartikularno taloženje urata u pojedinim zglobovima. Čimbenici rizika su pretilost, hipertenzija, upotreba diuretika, unos alkohola i pića bogatih fruktozom te prehrana bogata mesom i morskim plodovima. Giht se liječi uz pomoć farmakoloških i nefarmakoloških tretmana. Zdrava prehrana i promjene načina života imaju veliku ulogu kako u sprječavanju nastanka bolesti tako i u liječenju. Od dijeta primjenjuju se dijeta s niskim sadržajem purina, DASH dijeta, mediteranska dijeta, japanska dijeta i ketogena dijeta. Fizioterapijske procedure kod oboljelih od gihta imaju za cilj smanjiti bol, poboljšati fukcionalnost i mobilnost zglobova, prevenirati deformacije i educirati pacijenta. Provode se krioterapija, akupunktura, elektroterapija te kineziterapija. Cilj rada je prikazati značaj dijetoterapije i ulogu fizioterapeuta u liječenju gihta.Gout is a form of inflammatory arthritis whose main feature is hyperuricemia and intra articular urate deposition in individual joints. Risk factors include obesity, hypertension, diuretic use, intake of alcohol and fructose-rich beverages and a diet rich in meat and seafood. Gout is treated with the help of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. A healthy diet and lifestyle changes play a major role in disease prevention as well as in treatment. Of the diets applied are the low purine diet, the DASH diet, the Mediterranean diet, the Japanese diet and the ketogenic diet. Physiotherapy procedures in gout sufferers aim to reduce pain, improve joint function and mobility, prevent deformations and educate the patient. Cryotherapy, acupuncture, kinesiotherapy and electrotherapy are performed. The aim of this paper is to show the importance of diet therapy and the role of physiotherapists in the treatment of gout
PHYSIOTHERAPY INTERVENTIONS IN CHILDBIRTH PREPARATION
No full textTrudnoća je fiziološki proces tijekom kojeg dolazi do raznih promjena u tijelu žene. Dolazi do promjena u posturi, tjelesnoj težini, krvnom tlaku, mišićno-koštanom sustavu i drugim organskim sustavima u tijelu. Za vrijeme trudnoće važno je pripremati se za porođaj. Pripreme uključuju vježbe disanja, tehniku izgona, vježbe jačanja mišića zdjeličnog dna i abdomena te perinealnu masažu. Navedenim pripremama se nastoje izbjeći komplikacije, te postići spremnost i educiranost trudnice za porod.Pregnancy is a physiological process during which various changes occur in a woman's body. There are changes in posture, body weight, blood pressure, musculoskeletal system and other organ systems in the body. It is important to prepare for childbirth during pregnancy. Preparations include breathing exercises, expulsion technique, exercises to strengthen the pelvic floor and abdominal muscles, and perineal massage. These preparations try to avoid complications and try to achieve the readiness and education of the pregnant woman for childbirth
PROTECTION OF EDANGERED PLANT AND ANIMAL SPECIES
No full textUgroženom vrstom smatra se bilo koja biljna ili životinjska populacija koja je tako malena da joj u skoroj budućnosti prijeti izumiranje. Kao glavne razloge izumiranja biljnih ili životinjskih vrsta navodi se: uništavanje staništa (neovisno o tome je li riječ o djelovanju čovjeka ili prirode) ili pak pretjerana eksploatacija kao što je lov, ribolov i tome slično. Prema europskom crvenom popisu, ugroženo je oko 16 306 biljnih i životinjskih vrsta, dok je od 1500. godine već izumrlo oko 780 vrsta, a pretežito zbog čovjekovog utjecaja. Kako bi se spriječila zloupotreba životinjskog i biljnog svijeta, donijeti su brojni Zakoni i regulative koje reguliraju to područje, a neki od njih su: Zakon o zaštiti okoliša, Pravilnik o strogo zaštićenim vrstama, Konvencija o međunarodnoj trgovini ugroženim vrstama divljih životinja i biljaka (CITES). U radu će biti govora o ugroženim vrstama koje su se pronašle na Europskom crvenom popisu te će se navesti koji su mehanizmi zaštite prirodnih vrijednosti. Poseban naglasak stavit će se na biljne i životinjske vrste koje su zaštićene u Republici Hrvatskoj te će se navesti koje su sankcije glede zloupotrebe istoga.An endangered species is any plant or animal population that is so small that it is threatened with extinction soon. The main reasons for the extinction of plant or animal species are habitat destruction (regardless of whether it is the work of man or nature) or excessive exploitation such as hunting, fishing, and so on. According to the European Red List, about 16,306 plant and animal species are endangered, while about 780 species have become extinct since 1500, mostly due to human influence. To prevent the abuse of fauna and flora, several laws and regulations governing the area have been enacted, some of which are: the Environmental Protection Act, the Ordinance on Strictly Protected Species, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). The paper will talk about endangered species that have been found on the European Red List and will indicate the mechanisms of protection of natural values. Special emphasis will be placed on plant and animal species that are protected in the Republic of Croatia and will state the sanctions for its misuse
FACTORING CONTRACT
No full textFaktoring je oblik financiranja kojim se najčešće koriste mala i srednja poduzeća. Korištenjem usluga faktoringa poduzeća izbjegavanju traženje kredita od banaka. Faktoring im omogućuje brže i jednostavnije dolaženje do financijskih sredstava potrebnih za podmirivanje kratkoročnih obveza. U Republici Hrvatskoj je faktoring zakonski reguliran. Krovni zakon je Zakon o faktoringu. No, osim Zakona o faktoringu doneseni su i drugi zakoni i pravilnici kojima se uređuje pojedino područje faktoringa. Jedan od pravilnika je i Pravilnik o sadržaju ugovora o faktoringu. Njime su regulirana prava i obveze iz ugovora o faktoringu kao i obvezni elementi ugovora o faktoringu.Factoring is a form of financing most commonly used by small and medium-sized enterprises. By using factoring services companies avoid seeking loans from banks. Factoring allows them to quickly and easily obtain the financial resources needed to meet short-term liabilities. In the Republic of Croatia, factoring is legally regulated. The umbrella law is the Factoring Law. However, in addition to the Factoring Act, other laws and ordinances regulating a particular area of factoring have been enacted. One of the ordinances is the Ordinance on the content of factoring contracts. It regulates the rights and obligations from the factoring agreement as well as the obligatory elements of the factoring agreement
TESTING THE PHYSICAL ABILITIES OF ATHLETES
No full textTjelesne ili motoričke sposobnosti predstavljaju osobine čija je svrha riješiti zadani motorički zadatak. One se mogu opisivati, testirati i izmjeriti. Primarne su motoričke sposobnosti snaga, brzina, fleksibilnost, koordinacija, preciznost, ravnoteža, agilnost i izdržljivost. Testovi kojima se procjenjuje razina neke motoričke sposobnosti primjenjuju se gotovo u svim sportovima, pomažu u selekciji sportaša i evaluaciji treninga. Testovi kojima se utvrđuje snaga su brojni, a najčešće se primjenjuju skokovi, izbačaj medicinske lopte u vis, zgibovi s pothvatom, bench press, sklekovi i podizanje trupa. Primjeri testova kojima se procjenjuje brzina su testiranje vizualnih, auditivnih i kinestetičkih podražaja, testiranje brzine kretanja na određenoj udaljenosti i sl. Testiranje fleksibilnosti sportaša najčešće uključuje test odnoženja u ležećem bočnom položaju, pretklon u raskoračnom položaju ili na klupi, zanoženje u ležećem položaju na prsima i sl. Testovi kojima se utvrđuje koordinacija sportaša najčešće su test provlačenja i preskakivanja te provođenje poligona prepreka unatraške Testiranje preciznosti sportaša najčešće se provodi testiranjem preciznosti ciljanjem drvenom palicom ili gađanjem mete loptom. Testiranje ravnoteže sportaša najčešće uključuje stajanje na klupi za balans s otvorenim ili zatvorenim očima, stajanje na dvije noge poprečno ili stajanje na jednoj nozi. Za testiranje agilnosti sportaša najčešće se koristi japan test, kretanja u stranu ili u trokut. Za testiranje izdržljivosti sportaša najčešće se koriste ''Yo-Yo'' test, '' i ''30-15 intermitentni fitness'' test. Važno je odabrati odgovarajuće testove i sportašu pružiti holistički i individualan pristup.Physical or motor skills represent characteristics whose purpose is to solve a given motor task. They can be described, tested and measured. Primary motor skills are strength, speed, flexibility, coordination, precision, balance, agility and endurance. Tests that assess the level of some motor ability are applied in almost all sports, they help in the selection of athletes and the evaluation of training. Tests that determine strength are numerous, and the most commonly used are jumps, throwing a medicine ball into the air, pull-ups with effort, bench press, push-ups, and trunk lifting. Examples of tests that assess speed are testing of visual, auditory and kinesthetic stimuli, testing the speed of movement over a certain distance, etc. Testing of the flexibility of athletes most often includes a test of lying on the side, bending over in a striding position or on a bench, squatting in a lying position on the chest, etc. Tests that determine the coordination of athletes are most often a pull-up and jumping test and the implementation of a backward obstacle course Testing the accuracy of athletes most often is carried out by testing accuracy by aiming with a wooden stick or shooting a target with a ball. Athlete balance testing most often involves standing on a balance bench with eyes open or closed, standing on two legs crosswise, or standing on one leg. To test the agility of athletes, the flip-flop test, moving to the side or in a triangle, is most often used ''Yo-Yo'' test and ''30-15 intermittent fitness'' test. It is important to choose appropriate tests and provide the athlete with a holistic and individual approach
LOAN AGREEMENT
No full textCilj ovoga rada je obraditi najbitnije o kreditu i kreditiranju općenito, ali poseban naglasak je na ugovoru o kreditu sa ekonomskog i pravnog stajališta. U današnjem svijetu, kako u gospodarstvu tako i u financijskim poslovima, kreditiranje je od velikog značaja. Odluče li se građani na velika investicijska ulaganja, ili neke pothvate, kao npr. kupovina nekretnina, automobila te ostalo što označava normalni životni standard, ne mogu si priuštiti bez kredita. Iako su pojmovno slični, ugovor o kreditu se razlikuje u više važnih elemenata od ugovora o zajmu iz kojega je nastao. Ugovor o kreditu je ugovor koji je sklopljen po zakonu samo u pisanom obliku, davatelj kredita može biti samo banka, a predmet kredita je novac i kredit je uvijek naplatan jer korisnik ima obvezu plaćanja kamata. Dapače, ugovor o zajmu je neformalan ugovor, u kojemu zajam može biti besplatan (beskamatan), davatelj zajma može biti bilo koja osoba bila to fizička ili pravna, a predmet zajma mogu biti i zamjenjive stvari, a ne samo novac.The aim of this paper is to process the most important about credit and lending in general, but special emphasis is placed on the loan agreement from an economic and legal point of view. In today's world, both in the economy and in financial affairs, lending is of great importance. If citizens decide to make large investments, or some ventures, such as buying real estate, cars and other things that indicate a normal standard of living, they cannot afford it without a credit. Although they are conceptually similar, the loan agreement differs in several important elements from the loan agreement from which it was created. A credit agreement is a contract concluded by law only in writing, the credit provider can only be a bank, and the object of the credit is money and the credit is always charged because the user is obligated to pay interest. Rather, a loan agreement is an informal agreement, in which the loan can be free (interest-free), the lender can be any person, be it natural or legal, and the object of the loan can be exchangeable things, not just money
ENGLISH IN PHYSIOTHERAPY
No full textPhysiotherapy takes up an ever-increasing position in modern medicine. The globalization process enables the fast flow of state-of-the-art professional information and healing techniques among physiotherapists. The necessary prerequisite for such exchange is English in physiotherapy. For that reason, it is of great importance for students of physiotherapy to have decent education in English for physiotherapists, that has recently become one of the most important areas of English for Specific Purposes. The following teaching material has been written due to need to create additional teaching material for the courses in physiotherapy at the College of Applied Sciences “Lavoslav Ružička” in Vukovar. It consists of seven chapters including topics such as: What is physical therapy (physiotherapy)?, levels of structural organization of the human body, the 5 senses, the nervous system: facts, functions and diseases, the human musculoskeletal system, the respiratory system and the cardiovascular system. By using this teaching material, the students will be able to broaden their competence regarding both human anatomy in English and vocabulary in the field of physiotherapy. The teaching material can also serve as an impetus for further self-study in various fields of physiotherapy
COURT OF JUSTICE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
No full textKroz ovaj završni rad prikazane su sve karakteristike suda, kao i obilježja cijele Europske unije. EU se može definirati kao nadnacionalna integracija europskih demokracija s ciljem zajedničkog promicanja mira i prosperiteta. Opći cilj EU je spriječiti ponavljanje terora koji su u Europu i svijet donijela dva svjetska rata. Danas Europska unija broji 27 zemalja članica jer je Velika Britanija izašla 2020. godine. Jedna od sedam velikih institucija EU je Europski sud pravde koji osigurava da se zakoni EU jednako tumače i primjenjuju u svim zemljama EU te da zemlje i institucije EU-a poštuju zakone EU. Europski sud pravde osigurava da se zakoni EU jednako tumače i primjenjuju u svim zemljama EU, te da zemlje i institucije EU poštuju zakone EU. Europski sud pravde osnovan je 1952. godine sa sjedištem u Luksemburgu. Europski sud pravde sastoji se od jednog suca i osam neovisnih odvjetnika iz svake zemlje članice, a njih imenuju vlade država članica zajedničkim dogovorom