Repository of Polytechnic Lavoslav Ružička Vukovar
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PHYSIOTHERAPEUTIC APPLICATION OF PHYSICAL MODALITIES IN THE TREATMENT OF MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN
No full textBol je pokazatelj mogućeg oštećenja tkiva u tijelu. Međutim, može se pojaviti i bez znakova oštećenja. To je jedan od razloga zašto se pacijente potiče da potraže liječničku pomoć. Bolovi mogu varirati u trajanju, intenzitetu i kvaliteti. Također se može klasificirati prema specifičnim uzrocima ili patofiziološkim promjenama. Mišićno-koštani bolovi dovode do nemogućnosti rada ili normalnog života. Tijekom subjektivne fizikalne procjene pacijent utvrđuje intenzitet i opseg boli koja ograničava kretanje, funkcionalnost u svakodnevnom radu ili slobodnim aktivnostima. Pacijenti s mišićno-koštanom boli često koriste vizualne analogne ljestvice, mape tijela i upitnike kako bi pokazali gdje osjećaju bol. Primjena fizikalnih čimbenika u terapiji općenito smanjuje bol i poboljšava fizičku i psihičku dobrobit pacijenta. Fizikalna terapija je važan dio rehabilitacije mišićno-koštane boli, s ciljem analgezije i vraćanja funkcije.Pain is an indicator of potential tissue damage in the body. However, it may appear without any physical cause or signs of damage to the tissue. It is one of the reasons why patients are encouraged to seek medical care. Pain may vary in terms of its duration, frequency and severity. It can also be classified according to the specific underlying cause or pathophysiological changes. Musculoskeletal pain decreases the level of work ability and affects one's quality of life. During a subjective assessment in physical therapy, the patient needs to determine his or her perception of the severity and the extent of pain which can be limiting for the patient in terms of reducing the normal range of motion and work productivity, as well as disrupting one's daily routine and activities. The patients suffering from musculoskeletal pain often use visual analogue pain scales, body maps and musculoskeletal pain questionnaires in order to locate the pain. The application of physical factors in physical therapy reduces pain and improves the patient's physical function and mental health. Physical therapy is an important part of the musculoskeletal pain treatment and rehabilitation programme, the purpose of which is to achieve analgesic effect and restore the patient's function
PHYSIOTHERAPY INTERVENTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH COPD
No full textKronična opstruktivna plućna bolest jedna je od vodećih uzroka smrtnosti u svijetu. Čimbenici rizika kao što su pušenje i izloženost okolišnim zagađenjima jedni su od vodećih uzroka nastanka bolesti. Prepoznatljivi simptomi bolesti su dispneja, kašalj i proizvodnja sputuma. Bolest karakteriziraju faze egzacerbacije. Rano postavljanje dijagnoze i pravovremeno liječenje usporava progresiju bolesti i smanjuje faze egzacerbacije. KOPB je moguće prevenirati i liječiti. Veliki naglasak se stavlja na prevenciju bolesti. Važno je pravovremeno prepoznavanje bolesti i postavljanje dijagnoze. Dijagnoza se temelji na spirometriji i ABCD klasifikaciji. Liječenje može biti farmakološko i nefarmakološko. Individualni pristup kombinacije farmakološkog i nefarmakološkog liječenja najčešći je oblik liječenja. Nefarmakološko liječenje se odnosi na respiratornu rehabilitaciju. Respiratorna rehabilitacija podrazumijeva fizioterapijske intervencije koje se sastoje od vježbi disanja, mobilizacije sekreta, kardiorespiratornih vježbi i slično. Cilj je smanjiti simptome bolesti i poboljšati kvalitetu života bolesnika koja je značajno narušena.Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Risk factors such as smoking and exposure to environmental pollution are among the leading causes of the disease. Recognizable symptoms of the disease are dyspnea, cough and production of sputum. The disease is characterized by phases of exacerbation. Early diagnosis and timely treatment slows down the progression of disease and reduces exacerbations. COPD can be prevented and treated. Great emphasis is placed on disease prevention. Timely recognition of the disease and diagnosis is important. The diagnosis is based on spirometry and the ABCD classification. Treatment can be pharmacological or non-pharmacological. An individual approach of a combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment is the most common form of treatment. Non-pharmacological treatment refers to respiratory rehabilitation. Respiratory rehabilitation includes physiotherapy interventions consisting of breathing exercises, mobilization of secretions, cardiorespiratory exercises and similar. The goal is to reduce the symptoms of the disease and improve the patient' s quality of life, which is significantly impaired
PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AMONG DANCERS OF CLASSICAL BALLET
No full textBalet je ples koji postoji već više od jednog stoljeća, a pojavio se u Francuskoj i Italiji. U prošlosti su postojala drugačija shvaćanja i stajalištao poželjnim karakteristikama plesača baleta. Zbog prevelikog naglašavanja estetike i elegancije često su se zanemarivale sastavnice plesnog treninga poput treninga snage i time se narušavalo zdravlje plesača. Danas su stavovi drugačiji jer se na balet i ples općenito gleda kao i na svaki drugi sport koji ima svoje fiziološke zahtjeve. Ukupni utrošak energije za vrijeme baletne vježbe je vrlo visok. Stoga je razvoj kondicije plesača klasičnog baleta jednako važan kao i razvoj vještina kako bi plesač bio sposoban zadovoljiti zahtjeve koreografije. Osim toga, vrlo su važni fleksibilnost, kao i povoljan sastav tjelesne mase koji će omogućiti izvođenje napornih koreografija. Kako bi se spriječile ozljede plesača nužno je da u plesni trening budu uključene sve potrebne sastavnice kako trening fleksibilnosti tako i trening snage i izdržljivosti. Najvažnije bi trebalo biti zdravlje plesača, a ne estetika.Rad prikazuje fiziološku zahtjevnost baleta kao estetskog sporta,te što se očekuje od profesionalnih balerina i baletana u fiziološkom smislu.Ballet is a dance that has existed for more than a century.It originatesfrom France and Italy. In the past, there were different understandings and views on the desirable characteristics of a ballet dancer. Due to too much emphasis on aesthetics and elegance, the components of dance training, such as strength training, were often neglected and thus the health of the dancers was damaged. Today, attitudes are different because ballet and dance are generally seen as any other sport that havetheir own physiological requirements. The total expenditure of energy during ballet practice is very high. Therefore, the development of the conditions of a classical ballet dancer is as important as the development of skills in order for the dancer to be able to meet the demands of the choreography. In addition, flexibility is very important, as well as a favorable composition of the body mass, which will enable the performance of strenuous choreographies. In order to prevent injuries of a dancer, it is necessary to include all necessary components in dance training, both flexibility training and strength and endurance training. The most important thing should be the dancer's health, not aesthetics. The paper shows the physiological demands of ballet as an aesthetic sport, and what is expected of professional ballerinas and ballet dancers in a physiological sense
PHYSIOTHERAPY AFTER BRACHIAL PLEXUS LESION
No full textRučni živčani splet plexus brachialis građen je od pet spinalnih živaca, prvog torakalnog živca (Th1) i četiri vratna (C5-C8). Lezija plexus brachialisa definira se kao mlohava kljenut gornjih ekstremiteta koja je nastala radi traume i oštećenja plexus brachialisa. Lezija može nastati tijekom porođaja, za vrijeme intrauterinog razvoja ili nakon poroda. Lezija može biti blaže motoričko oštećenje pa do potpune oduzetosti i gubitka osjeta. Oštećenje plexusa brachialisa uzrokuje teškoće na motornom, senzornom i autonomnom planu, te je ugrožena kvaliteta življenja. Porođajna paraliza plexus brachialisa vidljiva je pri rođenju i uzrokovana je traumom. Paraliza plexus brachialisa dovodi do funkcionalnih poremećaja (primarnih i sekundarnih). Glavni cilj fizioterapije je održati i povećati opseg pokreta, povećati mišićni tonus i snagu, povratiti senzomotoričku kontrolu i spriječiti sekundarne komplikacije.The manual nerve complex plexus brachialis is made up of five spinal nerves, the first thoracic spinal nerve (Th1) and four cervical (C5-C8). A brachial plexus lesion is defined as a flaccid numbness of the upper extremities caused by trauma and damage to the brachial plexus. The lesion can occur during childbirth, during intrauterine development or after birth. The lesion can range from mild motor damage to complete deprivation and loss of sensation. Damage to the brachialis plexus causes motor, sensory and autonomic difficulties, and the quality of life is compromised. Birth palsy of the brachial plexus is visible at birth and is caused by trauma. Paralysis of the brachial plexus leads to functional disorders (primary and secondary). The main goal of physiotherapy is to maintain and increase range of motion, increase muscle tone and strength, regain sensorimotor control and prevent secondary complications
PROPRIOCEPTION EXERCISES IN REHABILITATION AFTER ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INJURY
No full textKoljeno je najveći i najkompleksniji zglob u našem tijelu te zbog svoje građe i opterećenja koja se na njega vrše, često biva ozlijeđen. Sudjeluje u brojnim aktivnostima poput hodanja, trčanja, skakanja, nošenja tereta i drugo. Jedna od najčešćih ozljeda je ozljeda prednjeg križnog ligamenta koji je vrlo važan za kinematiku i stabilnost zgloba. Dijagnoza se postavlja na temelju anamneze i kliničkih testova te snimkom magnetne rezonance. Liječenje može biti operativno i konzervativno, ovisno o mehanici i težini ozljede, dobi pacijenta i drugim čimbenicima. Rehabilitacija može potrajati i do šest mjeseci, a u nju spadaju fizioterapijska procjena, plan rehabilitacije i ciljevi te fizioterapijske intervencije. Najčešće komplikacije koje se pojavljuju su smanjeni opseg pokreta, snaga mišića te smanjena propriocepcija, a samim time i neuromišićna kontrola. Najvažnija fizioterapijska intervencija u rehabilitaciji je kineziterapija. Vježbe koje se provode su različite, a neke od njih su vježbe jačanja, opsega pokreta, vježbe istezanja i propriocepcijske vježbe. U ovom radu cilj je bio predstaviti vježbe propriocepcije i učinke tih vježbi na osobe s ozljedom prednjeg križnog ligamenta.The knee is the biggest and most complex joint in human body and considering the way it is built and the amount of work load it is subjected to, it often gets injured. A knee is involved in many activities such as walking, running, jumping, carrying the heavy loads and etc. One of the most common knee injuries is the injury of the anterior cruciate ligament that is very important for kinematic abilities and stability of the entire joint. Diagnosis is set based on anamnesis, clinical tests and MRI. Treatment can be done via operation or conservative methods, depending on mechanics and degree of injury itself, age of the patient and other factors. Rehabilitation can take up to six months, and it involves physiotherapy assessment, rehabilitation plan and goals of that particular physiotherapy intervention. Most frequent complications are loss off range of motion, muscle strength and reduced proprioception, therefore reduced neuromuscular control. The most important physiotherapy intervention in the rehabilitation is the kinesiotherapy. Exercises done are various, some of them are strength exercises, range of motion exercises, stretching and proprioception exercises. The goal of this study is to present proprioception exercises and their impact on patients with injured anterior cruciate ligament
PREVENTION AND REHABILITATION OF THE CHRONIC INJURIES IN EXCELLENT FOOTBALL
No full textPrevencija i rehabilitacija ozljeda u vrhunskom sportu, pa tako i u nogometu predstavlja važnu kariku u cjelokupnom trenažnom sustavu jedne ekipe. Ne rijetko, upravo ovaj segment iako vrlo bitan postaje zapostavljen te dugoročno može stvoriti ogromne prepreke za medicinski tim, i krajnje odraziti se i na ostale segmente same momčadi. Nogomet je najpopularniji, najgledaniji, a i najunosniji sport na kugli Zemaljskoj. Od samih začetaka nogometne igre gledalo se kako podignuti samu igru na novu razinu, a pri tome ne ugroziti integritet sustava treninga i natjecanja. Danas broj treninga i natjecateljskih utakmica u nogometu na najvišoj razini se neusporedivo povećao u odnosu na prošlost (vremena osamdesetih i devedesetih godina prošlog stoljeća), što ima za uzrok povećanje i broja ozljeda od kojih su i kronične (sindromi prenaprezanja). Natjecateljski kalendar je postao iznimno “gust” kada se zbroje klupski i reprezentativni nastupi za svakog pojedinog igrača šta ima za uzrok minijaturno vremensko razdoblje za sami oporavak. Rezultati na terenu pa i izvan terena (financijsko-ekonomski aspekti ekipe) su usko vezane za eventualne ozljede igrača. Kada bolje razmislimo o navedenoj korelaciji sa sigurnošću možemo ustvrditi da prevencija i rehabilitacija nikada nije imala veći značaj nego danas. Zbog svoje specifičnosti u nogometu prevladavaju brojne ozljede donjih ekstremiteta, ovaj rad prikazuje simptome, nastanke, te opisuje generalno pojam kronične ozljede iliti termin koji se također koristit sindrom prenaprezanja. Prevencija i rehabilitacija je opisana nakon šturog prolaska kroz iznimne količine literature kao i mnogobrojnih istraživanja na dotičnu temu. Trkačka potkoljenica, patelarni tendinitis, te bolna prepona su dijagnoze koje su izabrane kao predstavnici zbog svoje učestalosti pojavljivanja kao kroničnih ozljeda u nogometu.Prevention and rehabilitation of injuries in top sports in general and therefore in football represents a key part in a training process of a team. Not so rarely exactly this part gets overlooked and in a long run that could bring major problems for a medical team, even affect different aspects in a whole football club. Football is the most popular, most recognised and most financialy attractive sport on the planet. From the early stages of the game it was strived to progress on the new level but to maintaine the integrity of the traning system and competition. Today the number of practice and competition in top quality football drasticly increased in comper of the eisghtes and ninghtiesd from last century, resulting in the increased number of injurys which of them are chronic (overuse). Recovery window is very small because the competiton calendar is extremely congestioned with club competitions and /or international competitions. Success on and off the field (economic and financial aspect of the team) is highly correlated with the injuries in any given team and therefore the availability of the top players. We can safely conclude the magnitude of prevention and rehabilitation and determine the fact that it has never been more important. Specificty of the football game in the majority brings lower extremites injurys, and in this paper shows on symptoms, cause, and generally about the chronic injury or so called overuse syndrom, by reviewing vast literature and reasearch the paper will presenet prevention and rehabilitation. Most common chronic injurys in football are the main point of the paper. Which are shin splints, jumpers knee and groin pain syndrom
LOCAL ELECTIONS- THE TREND OF LONG-LIVED MAYORS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CITY ĐAKOVO
No full textVažna uloga lokalnih izbora izvršnog tijela je iskazivanje mišljenja građana te odabir novih ljudi ili potvrđivanje vjernosti politici ranije izabranog izvršnog tijela. U ovom radu objašnjeno je pitanje motivacije građana o izlaznosti na izbore te utjecaj politike na birače i to ponajviše na mlade birače čija je izlaznost na izbore mala i mišljenje mladih o politici i lokalnim izborima, postupak lokalnih izbora gradonačelnika te što je to „Trend dugogodišnjih gradonačelnika“. Za potrebe ovog rada je provedena anketa građana grada Đakova o dugogodišnjim gradonačelnicima grada Đakova.An important role of local elections of the executive body is to express the opinion of citizens and to select new people or to confirm loyalty to the policy of the previously elected executive body. In this paper, the issue of motivation of citizens regarding turnout in elections and the influence of politics on voters, especially young voters whose voter turnout is low, and the opinion of young people about politics and local elections, the procedure of local mayoral elections, and what is the "Trend of long-term mayors" is explained ". For the purposes of this work, a survey of the citizens of the city of Đakovo was conducted about the long-term mayors of the city of Đakovo
HUMAN RESOURCES
No full textLjudski potencijali smatraju se najvažnijima zato što oni svojim znanjem stvaraju ili pokreću sve ostale resurse. Kroz učinkovito planiranje i regrutaciju zaposlenika mogu se pronaći idealni kandidati za taj posao. Procesom zapošljavanja i selekcijom kandidata pridonosi se boljoj uspješnosti društva ili organizacije. Upravljanjem radnom učinkovitošću motiviraju se djelatnici kako bi poradili na svojim negativnim stranama i poboljšali već postojeće pozitivne strane prilikom rada. Kroz trendove upravljanja talenata, kompetencijama i znanjem stvaraju se najbolji djelatnici. Organizacijskim sustavom nagrađivanja, najbolji radnici se posebno nagrađuju za ostvarene rezultate.Human resources are considered the most important because they use their knowledge to create or mobilize all other resources. Through effective employee planning and recruitment, ideal candidates for the job can be found. The recruitment process and selection of candidates contributes to the better performance of the company or organization. Work efficiency management motivates employees to work on their downsides and improve existing strengths at work. The best employees are created through trends in talent management, competencies and knowledge. The best workers are specially rewarded for the achieved results via an organizational reward system
CHILDREN'S PLAY AS THE BASIS OF MOTOR DEVELOPMENT
No full textIgra predstavlja najizraženiji oblik dječje aktivnosti i najvažniju zadaću svakog djeteta. Primarni je način djeteta da uči o sebi, drugima i okolini. Osim što dijete kroz igru istražuje svijet oko sebe i svoje mogućnosti, igrom se dijete može osloboditi ljutnje, frustracije ili konflikta te zadovoljiti svoje želje i potrebe. Djetetu energija služi kako bi se kretalo i igralo, kao njegova osnovna potreba, kao i potreba da boravi u prirodi. Ako dijete nije u mogućnosti boraviti na otvorenome, ono će skakati, penjati se i kretati u prostoru u kojem se nalazi, no ne zato što je hiperaktivno, nego jer ispunjava svoje potrebe. Djetetov glavni posao ranog djetinjstva je kretanje i igra, a svakim oduzimanjem istih sprječavamo djetetov razvoj, posebno motorički. Igra kao primarna aktivnost djece uključuje mnoštvo različitih obrazaca kretanja. Stoga se naglašava važnost odvajanja vremena za igru djece, posebice na otvorenome. Brojni su benefiti igre na dječji organizam, a ona je posebno važna za motorički, kognitivni, socijalni, govorni i emocionalni razvoj. Kako motorički razvoj započinje još intrauterino, rođenjem će dijete kroz igru nastaviti poticati daljnji razvoj. Igrom će se od motoričkih vještina razvijati koordinacija, spretnost, brzina, fina i gruba motorika, a sve kroz aktivnosti puzanja, skakanja, trčanja, penjanja, provlačenja, bacanja i hvatanja lopte i sl. Upravo igrom kojom će se vježbati motoričke, kao i socijalne, kognitivne i druge vještine, stvara se kvalitetna osnova za poboljšanje motoričkih performansi, otkrivanje talenata djeteta u sportu ili aktivnostima koje dijete preferira.The children’s play represents the most expressed form of children's activity and the most important task of every child. It is the child's primary way to learn about himself, others and the environment. In addition to the fact that the child explores the world around him and his possibilities through play, the child can get rid of anger, frustration or conflict and satisfy his desires and needs through play. Energy serves the child to move and play, as his basic need, as well as the need to stay in nature. If the child is not able to stay outdoors, he will normally jump, climb and move in the space he is in, but not because he is hyperactive, but because he fulfills his needs. A child's main job in early childhood is movement and play, and every time we take it away from them, we prevent the child's development, especially motor skills. Play, as the primary activity of children, includes many different patterns of movement. Therefore, the importance of setting aside time for children to play, especially outdoors, is emphasized. There are numerous benefits of play on the child's organism, and it is especially important for motor, cognitive, social, speech and emotional development. As motor development begins intrauterine, with the birth of a child, play will continue to stimulate further development. The game will develop motor skills such as coordination, dexterity, speed, fine and gross motor skills, all through the activities of crawling, jumping, running, climbing, crawling, throwing and catching a ball, etc. Precisely through the game, motor and social skills will be practiced, cognitive and other skills, a quality basis is created for improving motor performance, discovering the child's talents in sports or activities that the child prefers
ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTION OF THE POLICE
No full textZavršni rad na temu “Upravna funkcija policije” sadrži 6 poglavlja na 36 stranica. Svako poglavlje govori o ulozi hrvatske policije u podnošenju zahtjeva, procesu dobivanja i procesu odbijanja, bilo to osobne iskaznice, vozačke dozvole, dozvole za oružje. Iznad svega toga stoji hrvatsko državljanstvo. Hrvatsko državljanstvo služi kao dokaz pripadnosti hrvatskoj naciji za većinu hrvatskih državljana. Najčešći način dobivanja hrvatskog državljanstva je rođenjem na području Republike Hrvatske. Strani državljanin također može podnijeti zahtjev za hrvatskim državljanstvom po osnovi boravka u Republici Hrvatskoj, rođenja, braka, iseljenja, pripadnosti hrvatskom narodu. Po primitku u hrvatsko državljanstvo osoba dobiva domovnicu što je dokaz hrvatskog državljanstva. Osim domovnice, dokaz hrvatskog državljanstva je i osobna iskaznica. Osobna iskaznica se izdaje u policijskoj postaji/upravi prema mjestu prebivališta, odnosno boravišta. Putovnica je kao i osobna iskaznica putna isprava kojom se dokazuje državljanstvo. Prebivalište je stalno mjesto života, dok osoba može boraviti na određenom mjestu stalno ili privremeno izvan mjesta prebivališta. S navršenih 18 godina osoba može podnijeti i zahtjev za vozačku dozvolu u policijskoj postaji/upravi prema mjestu prebivališta nakon uspješno položenog vozačkog ispita. Zadnje poglavlje u radu je o oružju, tko može podnijeti zahtjev za oružje i koje uvjete osoba treba ispunjavati da bi dobila odobrenje za nabavu oružja.The final paper on the topic "Administrative function of the police" contains 6 chapters on the 36 pages. Each chapter talks about the role of the Croatian police in the submission of requests, the process of obtaining and the process of rejection, be it ID cards, driver's licenses, weapons licenses. Croatian citizenship stands above all that. Croatian citizenship serves as proof of belonging to the Croatian nation for the majority of Croatian citizens. The most common way to obtain Croatian citizenship is by birth on the territory of the Republic of Croatia. A foreign citizen can also apply for Croatian citizenship on the basis of residence in the Republic of Croatia, birth, marriage, emigration, belonging to the Croatian nation. Upon receiving Croatian citizenship, a person receives a citizenship certificate, which is proof of Croatian citizenship. In addition to the citizenship certificate, proof of Croatian citizenship is also an identity card. An identity card is issued at the police station/administration according to the place of residence. A passport, like an identity card, is a travel document that proves citizenship. Residence is a permanent place of life, while a person can stay in a certain place permanently or temporarily outside the place of residence. Upon reaching the age of 18, a person can apply for a driver's license at the police station/administration according to the place of residence after successfully passing the driving test. The last chapter in the work is about firearms, who can submit a request for firearm and what conditions a person must meet in order to get approval for the acquisition of firearm