Repository of Polytechnic Lavoslav Ružička Vukovar
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INSTITUTIONS OF EUROPEAN UNION
No full textU uvodnom djelu rada kratko se opisuju sami početci i nastanak prvih temelja današnje Europske unije i njeni osnovni ciljevi. Nakon uvodne cjeline navode se 7 temeljnih institucija Europske unije : Europski parlament, Europska komisija, Vijeće Europske unije, Europsko vijeće, Sud Europske unije, Europski revizorski sud i Europska središnja banka. Opisuju se njihove opće karakteristike te njihova uloga i značaj u funkcioniranju Europske unije.In the introductory part of the paper, the very beginnings and creation of the first foundations of todays European Union and its basic goals are briefly described. After the introduction, I will talk about 7 fundimental institutions of the European Union : the European Parliament, European Commission, the Council of the European Union, the European Council, the Court of Justice of the European Union, the European Court of Auditors and the European Central Bank. Their general characteristics and their role and significance in the functioning of the European Union are described
IMPACT OF PHYSIOTHERAPY PROCEDURES ON THE QUALITY OF LIVE OF PEOPLE WITH RESTRICTIVE LUNG DISEASES
No full textOsobe koje imaju restriktivne plućne bolesti imaju poteškoća sa potpunim širenjem pluća. Glavni simptom osoba sa restriktivnim bolestima pluća je otežano disanje prilikom napora, a kasnije i prilikom mirovanja.Kod osoba sa restriktivnim bolestima pluća dolazi do ukočenosti stijenke prsnoga koša, slabi su ili oštećeni mišići i živci koji mogu ograničavati širenje pluća.Dijagnostičko testiranje plućnih bolesti provodi se: spirometrijom, bronhoskopijom, CT skeniranjem, testovima plućne funkcije, rendgenom prsnoga koša ili pulsnom oksimetrijom. Tretman restriktivnih bolesti pluća uključuje terapiju kisikom, primjenu analgetskog liječenja, fizioterapeutske postupke, te u najozbiljnijem slučaju transplantaciju pluća. Od fizioterapijskih postupaka primjenjuju se položajna drenaža, vježbe disanja u sklopu plućne rehabilitacije koje se baziraju na fizioterapijskoj procjeni.Terapija kisikom ima vrlo dobro djelovanje i pomaže ljudima s bolestima pluća da dobiju dovoljnu količinu kisika kad se njihova pluća ne mogu dovoljno proširiti.Uzimanje lijekova i upotreba određene intervencije ovisi o uzroku restriktivne bolesti i simptomima kao i cjelokupno zdravlje osobe jer mnogi lijekovi mogu dovesti do ozbiljnih nuspojava. Velika skupina restriktivnih bolesti su kronične te njihovo liječenje može trajati do kraja života. Vrsta liječenja se može mijenjati kako se mijenja i zdravstveno stanje pacijenta, ako osoba vodi zdrav način života i slijedi upute liječnika i primjenu terapije time pozitivno utječe na svoje zdravlje.People who have restrictive lung disease have difficulty fully expanding their lungs. The main symptom of people with restrictive lung diseases is shortness of breath during exertion, and later also during rest. In people with restrictive lung diseases, the chest wall becomes stiff, the muscles and nerves that can limit the expansion of the lungs are weak or damaged. Diagnostic testing of lung diseases is carried out by: spirometry, bronchoscopy, CT scan, lung function tests, chest X-ray or pulse oximetry. The treatment of restrictive lung diseases includes oxygen therapy, the use of analgesic treatment, physiotherapeutic procedures, and in the most serious case, lung transplantation. Physiotherapy procedures include positional drainage, breathing exercises as part of pulmonary rehabilitation, and physiotherapy assessment is of great importance. Oxygen therapy works very well and helps people with lung diseases get enough oxygen when their lungs cannot expand enough. Taking medication and using a specific intervention depends on the cause of the restrictive disease and symptoms as well as the person's overall health, as many medications can lead to serious side effects. A large group of restrictive diseases are chronic, and their treatment can last a lifetime. The type of treatment can be changed as the patient's health condition changes, if the person leads a healthy lifestyle and follows the doctor's instructions and the use of therapy, which has a positive effect on overall health
PHYSIOTHERAPY PROCEDURES IN THE TREATMENT OF THE MOST COMMON INJURIES OF FOOTBALL PLAYERS
No full textNogomet kao jedan od najpopularnijih profesionalnih sportova današnjice stavlja pred igrače velike fizičke zahtjeve i opterećenja tijekom treninga i natjecateljskih utakmica što ima za posljedicu sklonost učestalim akutnim i kroničnim ozljedama koje nogometaše mogu udaljiti s terena na duži period ili čak dovesti u pitanje opstanak cjelokupne karijere. Cilj ovog završnog rada bio je utvrditi najčešće ozljede nogometaša, njihovu lokalizaciju, prirodu ozljeda i učestalost, načine liječenja i trajanje oporavka te primjenu različitih postupaka fizikalne terapije kod najčešćih specifičnih ozljeda. Istraživački dio rada proveden je pomoću anonimnog anketnog upitnika na temelju procjene nogometaša o vlastitoj povijesti ozljeda i njihovom liječenju. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali veliku učestalost dugotrajnih i ozbiljnih ozljeda donjih ekstremiteta, naročito mišića i ligamenata, uslijed kojih su nogometaši u mnogim slučajevima morali biti podvrgnuti operacijskim zahvatima i dugotrajnim fizioterapijskim postupcima. Ozljede su se pojavljivale za vrijeme treninga podjednako često kao i za vrijeme natjecateljskih utakmica. Iz tog razloga, kao i činjenice da edukacija stručnog osoblja i igrača ima veliki utjecaj na prirodu i učestalost različitih ozljeda, adekvatna primjena mjera prevencije nastanka ozljeda ima ključnu ulogu u smanjenju broja ozljeda nogometaša. Nakon nastanka ozljede neki od ključnih uvjeta za uspješan povratak u stanje prije ozljede su pravovremena dijagnostika i početak primjenjivanja postupaka fizikalne terapije te njihovo stručno i kvalitetno provođenje.Football or soccer, as one of the most popular professional sports today, places great physical demands and strain on the players during training and competitive matches, which results in a tendency to frequent acute and chronic injuries that can keep football players off the field for long periods of time or even endanger their entire careers. The aim of this undergraduate thesis was to determine the most common injuries of football players, their localisation, nature of these injuries and frequency, methods of treatment and duration of recovery, as well as the application of various physical therapy procedures for the most common specific injuries. The research part of the work was carried out through an anonymous questionnaire based on the footballers’ assessment of their own history of injuries and their treatment. The results of the research showed a high frequency of long-term and serious injuries of the lower extremities, especially muscles and ligaments, so in many cases football players had to undergo surgery and long-term physiotherapy procedures. Injuries occurred as often during training as during competitive matches. For this reason, and due to the fact that education of professional staff and players has a great influence on the nature and frequency of various injuries, adequate application of measures to prevent the occurrence of injuries plays an important role in reducing the number of injuries. After the occurrence of an injury, some of the key factors that contribute to a successful return to the pre-injury state are promptly diagnosis and start of physical therapy application, as well as their professional and high-quality implementation
DEMOGRAPHIC POLICY MEASURES OF THE SELF-GOVERNMENT UNIT ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF STARI JANKOVCI
No full textDemografska slika Republike Hrvatske iz godine u godinu je sve lošija. Država ostaje bez najvažnijeg resursa – ljudi. Kako ne bi došlo do urušavanja zdravstvenog i mirovinskog sustava, potrebno je poduzeti određene mjere demografske politike. Hrvatska već dugi niz godina ima definirane mjere demografske politike na državnoj razini. S državne razine te mjere se primjenjuju i na lokalne razine koje igraju sve veću ulogu u oporavku demografske i gospodarske slike u svojoj regiji.U Vukovarsko – srijemskoj županiji već dugi niz godina prevladava negativan demografski trend. Kako bi se kvalitetno provodile mjere demografske politike, potrebno je uključiti sve javne službe, vladine i nevladine organizacije i udruge na lokalnoj te državnoj razini.The demographic picture of the Republic of Croatia is getting worse every year. The country is left without the most important resource - people. In order to prevent the health and pension system from collapsing, it is necessary to take certain demographic policy measures. For many years, Croatia has defined demographic policy measures at the state level. From the national level, these measures are also applied to the local levels, which play an increasing role in the recovery of the demographic and economic picture in their region. A negative demographic trend has prevailed in the Vukovar – Sirium County for many years. In order to effectively implement demographic policy measures, it is necessary to include all public services, governmental and non-governmental organizations and associations at the local and state level
THE PREPARATION AND PRESENTATION OF ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS IN A TRADING COMPANY
No full textZavršni rad pod nazivom „Sastavljanje i prezentiranje godišnjih financijskih izvještaja u trgovinskom poduzeću“ daje teorijski i praktični prikaz sastavljanja GFI-ja. U prvom dijelu rada objašnjava se kako su GFI pisani zapisi koji prikazuju poslovne aktivnosti i financijski učinak poduzeća, koji se sastoji od bilance, računa dobiti i gubitka, izvještaja o novčanim tokovima i izvještaja o promjenama kapitala. Nadalje, objašnjavaju se računovodstveni i zakonski okvir sastavljanja GFI i temeljna načela HSFI-ja (Hrvatski standardi financijskog izvještavanja) kao i opis i način mjerenja osnovnih računovodstvenih kategorija (imovina, obveze, kapital, prihod, rashod, dobit i gubitak). U drugom dijelu rada opisuje se računovodstveni proces i sastavljanje GFI na primjeru trgovinskog poduzeća. Prikazana je osobna iskaznica poduzeća te računovodstveni procesi koji opisuju nabavu i ulaz robe te prodaju robe kupcima putem gotovinskih i bezgotovinskih računa. Nadalje, prikazani su predzaključni radovi koji sadrže postupke usklađenja kartica, zatvaranja konta, obračuna amortizacije i sastavljanja bruto bilance, koji su potrebni kako bi se sastavili i prezentirali GFI trgovinskog poduzeća. Naposljetku, dan je prikaz GFI navedenog trgovinskog poduzeća.The final paper entitled “The preparation and presentation of annual financial statements in a trading company” provides a theoretical and practical presentation of the compilation of AFS. The first part explains how AFS are written records that show business activities and financial performance of the company, and which consists of the balance sheet, profit and loss account, cash flow statement and statement of changes in equity. Furthermore, it explains the accounting and legal framework of AFS compilation and basic principles of HSFI (Croatian Financial Reporting Standards) as well as description and measurement of basic accounting categories (assets, liabilities, capital, income, expenses, profit and loss). Second part of the paper refers to the accounting process and compilation of AFS on the example of the trading company. The company's identity card is shown, as well as the accounting processes that include the purchase and entry of goods and the sale of goods to customers through cash and non-cash accounts. Furthermore, pre-final accounting works are presented, which include reconciliation of accounting cards, closing of accounts, calculation of depreciation, and compilation of the gross balance sheet, all of which are necessary to compile and present AFS of the trading company. At the end, AFS of the said trading company are presented
MODALITIES OF PREFORMING COMMUNAL ACTIVITES RELATED TO THE BURIAL OF DECEASED
No full textU radu kratko će se prikazati izgled groblja kroz povijest i kada se pojavljuju groblja kakva danas poznajemo, objasnit će se osnovni pojam, karakteristike i izgled groblja, u koju djelatnost održavanje groblja ulazi i tko je odgovoran za brigu o grobljima, na koji način se grade i kako se zatvaraju groblja. Predstavit će se pogrebnik i koje djelatnosti pogrebnik obavlja kao i koje uvjete pogrebnik mora ispunjavati prije nego počne obavljati pogrebničku djelatnost. Odredit će se tko ima pravo na korištenje grobnog mjesta kada i pod kojim uvjetima i koji dio ulazi u nasljedno pravo. Također u radu se predstavlja tko je mrtvozornik i koju djelatnost on obavlja i što tijelo umrle osobe treba proći prije nego bude pokopano.The paper will briefly present the appearance of cemeteries throughout history and when cemeteries as we know them appear today, the basic concept, characteristics and appearance of cemeteries will be explained, what activity cemetery maintenance includes and who is responsible for taking care of cemeteries, how they are built and how cemeteries are closing. The mortician will be introduced and what activities the mortician performs as well as what conditions the undertaker must meet before starting to perform funeral activities. It will be determined who has the right to use the grave site, when and under what conditions and which part is included in the inheritance right. The paper also presents who the coroner is and what he does and what the dead person's body must go through before being buried
SMART CITIES
No full textU ovom završnom radu će se definirati pojam pametnih gradova, kako su se takvi gradovi razvijali kroz povijest, kakav je život ljudi koji žive u istim te koliko su popularni takvi gradovi danas i teži li se svugdje takvom životu. Nadalje, spomenut će se i sedam najvećih, najutjecajnijih i najuspješnijih pametnih gradova u svijetu, ali, naravno, pisat će se i o tome gdje stoji Republika Hrvatska po pitanju posjedovanja pametnog grada i je li to dobra ideja za našu državu. Na kraju samog rada moći će se pročitati i neke zanimljivosti o navedenoj temi koje uvelike doprinose i zaokružuju ovu cjelinu u potpunosti. KLJUČNE RIJEČI: pametni gradovi, razvoj pametnih gradova, sedam najvećih pametnih gradova, Republika Hrvatska kao pametni grad.This final paper will consist of explaining what smart cities are, how such cities are developing throughout history, what life is like for the people who live in them, and how popular such cities are today, and whether such a life is aspired to everywhere. Furthermore, the seven largest, most influential and most successful smart cities in the world will be mentioned, but, of course, it will also be written about where the Republic of Croatia stands in terms of becoming a smart city and whether it is a good idea for our country. At the end of the work itself, you will be able to read some interesting facts about the mentioned topic, which greatly contribute and complete this whole. KEY WORDS: smart cities, development of smart cities, seven biggest smart cities, Republic of Croatia as smart city
THE CITY OF VUKOVAR AS THE CENTER OF SRIJEM AND VUKOVAR-SRIJEM COUNTIES
No full textOvim radom prikazati će se kako se vukovarski kraj razvijao od prapovijesnog razdoblja do danas. U radu se prije svega pokušava prikazati geografski položaj Vukovara, kako bi se mogao razumjeti značaj njegova položaja u brojnim kasnijim osvajanjima i utjecajima. U radu se govori o dinamici naseljavanja ovog područja te o oblikovanju grada u srednjem vijeku. Opisuje se nastanak županija, njihov raspad te ponovna uspostava Vukovarsko-srijemske županije. Već od 10. stoljeća institucija županije obilježila je unutarnje ustrojstvo Hrvatske. U najranije doba organizirale su se župe kao središta vlasti, a kasnije su župe postale županije, koje su određenoj mjeri bile u opreci s vladarima. Na temelju relevantne literature govori se o velikaškim i plemićkim obiteljima koje su na vukovarskom području obnašale visoke dužnosti i upravljale županijom. S obzirom na ograničeni prostor ovog rada, prikazuju se najznačajniji trenuci vukovarske sudbine u jeku Domovinskog rata. Govori se i o onome što je prethodilo ratu, kao i o posljedicama za cijeli vukovarski kraj. U završnom dijelu rada prikazane su prednosti koje vukovarski kraj može iskoristiti za gospodarsku obnovu nakon teških dana agresije, okupacije i integracije, ali i razvojni izazovi.This paper will present the development of the Vukovar region from prehistoric times to the present day. The work primarily tries to introduce the geographical position of Vukovar, to better understand the importance of its geographical location in many conquests and influences. It discusses the dynamic settlement in this area and the city development in the Middle Ages. The counties' formation, their disintegration and the re-establishment of VukovarSrijem County are described. From the 10th century, the county institution has marked the internal structure of Croatia. In the earliest times, parishes were organized as centres of power, and later parishes became counties, which to some extent conflicted with the rulers. Based on the relevant literature, we talk about aristocrats and noble families who held high positions in the Vukovar area and managed the county. Given the limited space of this paper, the most significant moments of Vukovar's destiny amid the Homeland War are presented. What preceded the war is also mentioned along with the consequences for the entire Vukovar region. The final part of the work offers the advantages the Vukovar region can provide for economic reconstruction after challenging days of aggression, occupation and integration, including developmental challenges
BUSINESS COMMUNICATIONS IN E-BUSINESS
No full textInformacijsko komunikacijska tehnologija definitivno je obilježila suvremeno doba budući se svakodnevno razvijaju i unaprjeđuju novi oblici poslovanja koji pravodobnom implementacijom i korištenjem pridonose ostvarivanju uspješnosti suvremenih organizacija. E-poslovanje ne samo što ubrzava radne procese već smanjuje i troškove poslovanja te olakšava i pojeftinjuje pristup informacijama na kojima suvremeni menadžeri temelje donošenje odluka. Suvremeno doba, zahtjeva gotovo potpunu digitalizaciju iz čega proizlazi da suvremena poduzeća stalno moraju pratiti tržišne trendove kako ne bi izgubila korak s vremenom. Upravo je komunikacija putem interneta jedan od glavnih trendova suvremenog doba. E-poslovanje zasnovano je na primjeni različitih modela i alata koji omogućuju i olakšavaju komuniciranje između svih tržišnih sudionika. Sve je veći broj onih koji e-poslovanje aktivno primjenjuju u svom radnom i privatnom okruženju, maksimalno koristeći njegove blagodati. Eposlovanje je najširu primjenu našlo u segmentu trgovine i bankarstva. No, sve je veća implementiranost e-poslovanja i u javnim službama. E-poslovanje podrazumijeva određene informatičke vještine, a sam komunikacijski proces u okviru e-poslovanja je maksimalno pojednostavljen.Information and communication technology has definitely marked the modern age, as new forms of business are being developed and improved on a daily basis, which, through timely implementation and use, contribute to the success of modern organizations. E-business not only speeds up work processes but also reduces business costs and facilitates and reduces the cost of access to information on which modern managers base decision-making. The modern age requires almost complete digitalization, which means that modern companies must constantly follow market trends in order not to lose pace with time. Communication via the Internet is one of the main trends of the modern age. E-business is based on the application of various models and tools that enable and facilitate communication between all market participants. An increasing number of those who actively apply e-business in their work and private environment, making the most of its benefits. E-business has found the widest application in the segment of trade and banking. However, the implementation of e-business in public services is also increasing. E-business implies certain IT skills and the communication process within e-business is maximally simplified
THE IMPACT OF EARLY REHABILITATION ON LONG-TERM RECOVERY PLANNING IN RECOVERED STROKE PATIENTS
No full textMoždani udar je klinički sindrom, uzrokovan cerebrovaskularnim poremećajem te obilježen iznenadnim razvojem neuroloških deficita. Najčešći simptomi uključuju parezu ili plegiju jedne strane tijela, poremećaj govora, iznenadno zamagljenje ili gubitak vida, vertigo i otežanu koordinaciju pri hodu. Prema mehanizmu nastanka razlikuju se hemoragijski te ishemijski moždani udar. Opće prihvaćena činjenica je da navedeni naglo nastali neurološki poremećaj moždane cirkulacije predstavlja urgentno stanje i da bez obzira na vrstu moždanog udara i težinu postojeće kliničke slike, rehabilitaciju je potrebno inicirati odmah po medicinski stabilnom stanju bolesnika. Svaki moždani udar je drugačiji. Ovisi o mnogo čimbenika, počevši od lokalizacije hemisfere mozga koja je zahvaćena, intenziteta oštećenja te općeg stanja bolesnika. Moždani udar rezultira afekcijom tijela, uma te osjećaja pa rehabilitacija zahtijeva interdisciplinaran pristup. Neurofizioterapija predstavlja neophodnu komponentu rehabilitacije bolesnika s moždanim udarom. Inicijalne intervencije neurofizioterapije imaju preventivnu ulogu. Istima se nastoji spriječiti nastanak mogućih komplikacija, poput dekubitusa, kontraktura, tromboze te pneumonie, što uvelike olakšava kasniju reedukaciju motoričkih funkcija te povećava mogućnost za postizanjem učinkovitijeg oporavka.Stroke is a clinical syndrome caused by a cerebrovascular disorder characterized by sudden development of neurological deficits. The most common symptoms include paresis or plegia on one side of the body, speech disorder, sudden blurring or loss of vision, dizziness and difficult coordination when patient walking. According to the mechanism of formation, there are haemorrhagic and ischemic strokes. It is a generally accepted fact that strokes have a neurological cause. Cerebral circulation disorder is an emergency, regardless of the type of strokes and the severity of the existing clinical picture. Rehabilitation must be initiated immediately after medically stable condition of the patient. Every stroke is different, that depends on numerous factors, starting from the localization of the brain hemisphere that is affected, the intensity of the damage and the general condition of the patient. A stroke affects the body, mind and feelings because rehabilitation requires a interdisciplinary approach. Neurophysiotherapy is necessary rehabilitation component of patients who suffered a stroke. Initial interventions concerning neurophysiotherapy have a preventive role. They try to prevent the emergence of possible complications, such as decubitus, contractures, thrombosis and pneumonia, which greatly facilitates the later re-education of motor functions and increases the possibility of achieving effective recovery