Repository of Polytechnic Lavoslav Ružička Vukovar
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BUSINESS OF CRAFTS AND THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE EXAMPLE OF "KOOPKE OBRT"
No full textObrt je poslovni subjekt koji donosi koristi kako za društvo tako i za gospodarstvo. Gospodarska korist obrta proizlazi iz same njegove uloge jer doprinosi ukupnom stvaranju bogatstva društva. Kao bitan čimbenik u stvaranju radnih mjesta, obrtništvo potiče ekonomski rast i razvoj. Obrtnici proizvode robu i pružaju usluge te su uključeni u ulogu dobavljača čime potiču razvoj i rast drugih poslovnih subjekata, stvaraju dodanu vrijednost i rast zaposlenosti na lokanoj i nacionalnoj razini. Društvena korist obrta očituje se u nekim djelatnostima njegovom ulogom u očuvanju i razvoju tradicionalnih zanata i usluga koje često predstavljaju dio kulturne baštine društva. U svom radu obrtnici najčešće koriste lokalne sirovine i surađuju s lokalnim dobavljačima čime pružaju domaće i kvalitetne proizvode lokalnoj zajednici uz manji učinak i utjecaj na okoliš. Taj faktor pridonosi poboljšanju kvalitete života i standardima u lokalnoj zajednici. Pandemija bolesti COVID-19 imala je značajan i dugotrajan utjecaj na obrtnike diljem svijeta, a posebno na obrte u djelatnosti trgovine. Krize uzrokovane pandemijom imale su nekoliko ključnih utjecaja na obrt u djelatnosti trgovine. Mjere koje su uvodile države (poput lockdowna, ograničenja kretanja, zatvaranja trgovina ili izmjene radnog vremena) dovele su do pada prometa i prihoda, što je posebno bilo izraženo u prodaji neprehrambenih proizvoda. Smanjenjem potražnje i promjenom potrošačkih navika obrtnici su se našli pred nizom izazova zbog čega su mnoge države donijele mjere kako bi pomogli obrtnicima da nastave svoje poslovanje i zadrže svoje radnike. Međutim, unatoč pomoći države, mnogi obrti morali su se zatvoriti jer je negativni utjecaj pandemije njihovo poslovanje učinio neodrživim.A trade is a business entity that brings benefits to both society and the economy. The economic benefit of the craft derives from its very role, as it contributes to the overall creation of society's wealth. As an important factor in the creation of jobs, handicrafts stimulate economic growth and development. Craftsmen produce goods and provide services and are involved in the role of suppliers, thus encouraging the development and growth of other business entities, creating added value and employment growth at the local and national level. The social benefit of crafts is manifested in some activities through its role in the preservation and development of traditional crafts and services that often represent part of the cultural heritage of society. In their work, artisans most often use local raw materials and cooperate with local suppliers, thus providing local and quality products to the local community with less impact and impact on the environment. This factor contributes to the improvement of the quality of life and standards in the local community. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant and long-lasting impact on tradespeople around the world, especially trades. The crises caused by the pandemic had several key impacts on the trade industry. Measures introduced by states such as lockdowns, movement restrictions, store closures or changes in working hours led to a drop in turnover and income, which was especially pronounced in the sale of non-food products. With declining demand and changing consumer habits, artisans have faced a series of challenges, which is why many states have enacted measures to help artisans continue their business and retain their workers. However, despite the help of the state, many trades had to close because the negative impact of the pandemic made their business unsustainable. Key words
TRENDS IN THE SALES BUSINESS
No full textNajstarije zanimanje kojim se bavio čovjek je prodaja. Prodaja je proces usmjeren na iznošenje proizvoda na tržište s ciljem prodaje. Današnju prodaju karakterizira korištenje novih alata i tehnika. Riječ je prije svega o novim oblicima digitalne prodaje i korištenju društvenih mreža koje omogućuju umrežavanje i pronalaženje novih kupaca. Suvremena tehnologija omogućila je funkcioniranje sustava ponude i potražnje na globalnoj razini, a trendovi u prodaji sve su više usmjereni na sve veću upotrebu digitalne tehnologije. Etrgovina jedan je od najuspješnijih oblika trgovine. Uz e-trgovinu sve je više popularna mobilna trgovina te prodaja putem mobilnih aplikacija koje se svakim danom neprestano razvijaju. Chatbotovi mogu pomoći u prodaji proizvoda i usluga, ali također mogu biti korisni u analiziranju poslovnih procesa te donošenju odluka o marketinškim kampanjama. Flagship trgovine predstavljaju primarnu metodu ulaska na tržište za prodavače luksuzne mode, a od ostatka maloprodajne mreže dijeli ih njihova lokacije, veličina i dizajn. Livestream prodaja također je novi oblik digitalne tehnologije koji omogućava kupnju direktno putem društvenih mreža, dok se omnichannel definira kao pristup prodaji koji korisnicima nudi besprijekorno iskustvo kupnje neovisno o tome koji kanal prodaje koristili prilikom kupnje. VR u prodaji također nudi brojne prednosti, poput uklanjanja prostornih i vremenskih ograničenja te smanjenja troškova marketinga. Korištenje suvremenih tehnologija neizostavan je dio održivosti prodajnog poslovanja u digitalnom dobu, a integracija tih tehnologija u prodajne procese je imperativ svakog poduzeća koje je fokusirano na unaprjeđenje poslovanja.The oldest human occupation is trade. Sales is a process aimed at bringing products to the market with the aim of selling. Today sales are characterized by the use of new tools and techniques. It is primarily about new forms of digital sales and the use of social networks that enable networking and finding new customers. Modern technology has made it possible for the system of supply and demand to function on a global scale, and trends in sales are increasingly focused on the increasing use of digital technology. E-commerce is one of the most successful forms of commerce. In addition to e-commerce, mobile commerce and sales via mobile applications are becoming increasingly popular, which are constantly developing every day. Chatbots can help sell products and services, but they can also be useful in analyzing business processes and making decisions about marketing campaigns. Elagship stores are the primary entry method for luxury fashion retailers and are set apart from the rest of the retail network by their locations, size and design. Livestream sales is also a new form of digital technology that enables shopping directly through social networks, while omnichannel is defined as an approach to sales that offers customers a seamless shopping experience, regardless of which sales channel they used when making a purchase. VR in sales also offers numerous advantages, such as removing space and time constraints as well as reducing marketing costs. The use of modern technologies is an indispensable part of the sustainability of sales operations in the digital age, and the integration of these technologies into sales processes is imperative for every company that is focused on business improvement
SJÖGREN´S SYNDROME
No full textSjögrenov sindrom je kronična, autoimuna, sustavna upalna bolest nepoznatog uzroka, obilježena suhoćom ustiju, očiju i drugih sluznica. Stanje može biti primarno ili sekundarno u sklopu nekog drugog autoimunog zbivanja. Sjögrenov sindrom uzrokuje i artritis sličan reumatoidnom artritisu, zahvaća razne egzokrine žlijezde i druge organe. Dijagnosticira se na osnovi specifičnih promjena očiju, ustiju i žlijezda slinovnica, uz nalaz autoantitijela i histološke promjene. Sjögrenov sindrom je razmjerno česta autoimuna bolest veziva. Na SS treba posumnjati u pacijenata koji navode svrbež suhih očiju i suha usta, a nađu im se uvećane podušne žlijezde, purpura ili renalna tubularna acidoza. Takvima se provode pretrage očiju i slinovnica uz serološke analize. Bolest je kronična, ponekad sa smrtnim ishodom zbog plućne infekcije ili još rjeđe zbog zatajenja bubrega ili limfoma. Za Sjögrenov sindrom ne postoji lijek, ali se može djelovati na simptome. Osobe imaju suhu kožu, kožni osip, bolove u zglobovima, te može uzrokovati upalu organa bubrega i pluća. Ukoliko su upale često liječnik može prepisati lijekove za sprječavanje oštećenja organa. Lijekovi su antireumatici koji mogu usporiti tok bolesti. Sjögrenov sindrom obično zahvaća oči i usta. U svrhu smanjenja simptoma suhih očiju pacijenti najčešće koriste umjetne suze bez konzervansa, kako bi vratili vlažnost očima, te za smanjenje simptoma suhih usta mogu koristiti žvakaće gume ili bombone. Cilj rada je utvrditi kako tjelesna aktivnost utječe na kvalitetu života kod osoba sa Sjögrenovim sindromom, te utvrditi kako određena terapija utječe na smanjenje simptoma.Sjögren's syndrome is a chronic, autoimmune, systemic inflammatory disease of unknown cause, characterized by dryness of the mouth, eyes and other mucous membranes. The condition can be primary or secondary to some other autoimmune event. Sjögren's syndrome also causes arthritis similar to RA, affecting various exocrine glands and other organs. It is diagnosed on the basis of specific changes in the eyes, mouth and salivary glands, along with the finding of autoantibodies and histological changes. Sjögren's syndrome is a relatively common autoimmune connective tissue disease. SS should be suspected in patients who report itchy dry eyes and dry mouth, and have enlarged parotid glands, purpura, or renal tubular acidosis. They undergo eye and salivary tests along with serological analyses. The disease is chronic, sometimes with a fatal outcome due to lung infection or even more rarely due to kidney failure or lymphoma. There is no cure for Sjögren's syndrome, but the symptoms an be treated. People have dry skin, skin rash, joint pain, and it can cause inflammation f the kidneys and lungs. If the inflammation is frequent, the doctor can presribe medicatiion to preent organ damage. Medicines are antirheumatic drugs that can slow down the course of the disease. Sjögren's syndrome usually affects the eyes and mouth. In order to reduce symptoms of dry eyes patients most often use artifical tears without, in order to restore moisture to the eyes, and to reduce to symptoms of dry mouth, they can use chewing gums or candies. The aim of the work is to determine how physical activity affects the quality of life in people with Sjögren's syndrome and to determine how certain therapy affects the reduction of symptoms
IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTROLLING IN THE COMPANY
No full textKontroling je najučinkovitiji alat koji se koristi za upravljanje poduzećem. Njegova implementacija kao i provedba je jako dugotrajan, težak kao i složen proces koji je specifičan za svako poduzeće. Svi menadžeri, vlasnici kao i zaposlenici trebali bi biti pripremljeni za implementaciju kontrolinga i korištenje u poduzeću, uvažavajući prepreke i prednosti ove vrste upravljanja. Uspjeh poslovanja te uvođenje promjena uvelike ovisi o ljudima. Promjene utječu i na same menadžere i rukovoditelje. Kontrolori menadžmenta pružaju bitan doprinos uspjehu poduzeća. Ono što je važno jest odabrati adekvatni pristup koji bi bio prihvatljiv nekim interesnim skupinama. Kroz rad je opisana funkcija kontrolinga kao i poslovi kontrolora. Objašnjena je kontrola kao menadžerska funkcija te osnovne metode i tehnike kontrole. Da bi se bolje prikazala i objasnila implementacija kontrolinga u poduzeće, opisana je implementacija kontrolinga u hotelijersko poduzeće sa osnovnim zadacima i tehnikama kontrole.Controlling is the most effective tool used for company management. Its implementation is a long-term, difficult and complex process that is specific to each company. All managers, owners as well as employees, should be prepared for the implementation of controlling and its use in the company, having in mind obstacles and advantages of this type of management. The success of business and the introduction of changes largely depends on people. The changes also affect the managers and executives themselves. Management controllers make a crucial contribution to the success of a company. What is important is to choose an adequate approach that would be acceptable to some interest groups. The paper describes the controlling function as well as controller's engagement. Control as a management function, basic control methods and techniques are additionally explained. In order to show and explain the implementation of controlling in a company, the paper also exemplifies the implementation of controlling in a hotel company, along with the basic tasks and control techniques
PASTA AS MERCHANDISE - TYPES, STORAGE AND SALES CONDITIONS
No full textTjestenina je prehrambena namirnica koja se koristi široko u svijetu. Zanimljivo je kako se povijest tjestenine može pratiti kroz mnoge kulture i kontinente, od Azije preko Afrike do Bliskog istoka, sežući unatrag najmanje 3500 godina. Prva industrijska proizvodnja tjestenine dogodila se u Napulju početkom 15. stoljeća, a u radu se detaljno opisuje proces proizvodnje tj. nastanka tjestenine, od miješanja i gnječenja, aromatizacije i bojanja, rolanja, pasterizacije, rezanja, te sušenja i pakiranja. U radu se također govori o vrstama tjestenine kojih postoji mnogo i mogu se grupirati u različite kategorije, kratka tjestenina, duga tjestenina, tjestenina u listićima, punjena tjestenina i tjestenina s okruglicama. Neke od najpoznatijih vrsta su Spaghetti, Fusili, Penne i Lasagne, koje su u radu detaljnije opisane. Drugi dio rada se odnosi na tržište tjestenine, tj. na statistički prikaz tjestenine u svijetu i Republici Hrvatskoj. Ono što je ključno najveći izvoz tjestenine na globalnoj razini ima Italija u iznosu od 3,62 milijarde dolara, dok najveći uvoz imaju Sjedinjene Američke Države u iznosu od 1,29 milijardi dolara. Nadalje, Republika Hrvatska je izvezla 2021. godine tjestenine u vrijednosti 21,1 milijun dolara, na odredišta poput Njemačke, Nizozemske ili Švedske, te je uvezla tjesteninu u vrijednosti 50,2 milijuna dolara najviše iz Italije, Slovenije i Austrije. U radu se također govori o cijenama tjestenine gdje se predviđa kako će ista rasti za 0,07 dolara godišnje.Pasta is a foodstuff that is widely used in the world. It is interesting how the history of pasta can be traced through many cultures and continents, from Asia to Africa to the Middle East, going back at least 3500 years. The first industrial production of pasta took place in Naples at the beginning of the 15th century, and the paper describes in detail the production process, i.e., the creation of pasta, from mixing and kneading, flavoring, and coloring, rolling, pasteurization, cutting, and drying and packaging. The paper also talks about the types of pasta, of which there are many and can be grouped into a handful of categories, short pasta, long pasta, pasta in sheets, stuffed pasta, and pasta with dumplings. Some of the most famous types are Spaghetti, Fusili, Penne and Lasagna, which are described in more detail in the paper. The second part of the paper refers to the pasta market, i.e., to the statistical presentation of pasta in the world and in the Republic of Croatia. What is crucial is that the largest pasta export at the global level is Italy in the amount of 3.62 billion dollars, while the largest import is in the United States of America in the amount of 1.29 billion dollars. Furthermore, in 2021, the Republic of Croatia exported 21.1 million dollars’ worth of pasta to destinations such as Germany, the Netherlands or Sweden, and imported pasta worth 50.2 million dollars, mostly from Italy, Slovenia, and Austria. The paper also talks about the prices of pasta, where it is predicted that they will grow by 0.07 dollars per year
APPLICATION OF BOWEN THERAPY IN CROATIA
No full textU današnje vrijeme alternativna medicina privlači sve veći broj ljudi pa tako dolazi i do sve veće primjene Bowen terapije. Bowen terapijom se na tijelo djeluje holistički, odnosno djeluje se na meko vezivno tkivo to jest fasciju tijela. Fascija obavija tijelo, a možemo je prikazati kao mrežu vezivnog tkiva. Ona se nalazi na svim razinama tijela, sve do stanične razine. Vrsta pokreta koji se koristi tijekom Bowen terapije pomaže hidrataciji fascije, što zauzvrat potiče bolju vaskularnu i živčanu opskrbu. Tretman Bowen terapijom je nježan, opuštajući i ne koristi nasilnu manipulaciju. Može se koristiti za liječenje različitih mišićnokoštanih ili povezanih neuroloških problema, uključujući akutne sportske ozljede i kronična ili organska stanja. Prema našem istraživanju Bowen se najčešće koristi za probleme kao što su bol u lumbalnom dijelu leđa, novorođenačke grčeve te različita stanja kao što su alergije, astma i migrene. Također, ova vrsta terapije se u radu primjenjuje svakodnevno te je ispitanici smatraju vrlo korisnom metodom.Nowadays, the alternative medicine is attracting more and more people and so it has come to an increasing usage of Bowen therapy. This therapy works hollistically on our body; it works on the soft connective tissue, that is, on the fascia of the body. Fascia wraps round the body so we can present it like a web of the soft connective tissue. It is found at all levels of the body, all the way to the cellular level. Types of movement that are used during the Bowen therapy help to hydrate the fascia and this stimulates a better vascular and nervous supply. The Bowen therapy treatment is gentle, relaxing and it doesn't use any violent manipulation. It can be used in treating different kinds of musculo-skeletal or some kinds of related neurological disorders, including acute sports injuries and chronic or organic conditions. According to our research, the Bowen therapy is used mostly for problems such as pain in the lumbar part of the back, newborn cramps and and for various conditions such as allergies, asthma and migraine headaches. This type of therapy is used on daily bases and respondents consider it to be a very useful method
LEGAL PROTECTION ON THE AREA OF THE RIGHT OF ACCESS TO INFORMATION
No full textU ovom se radu prikazuje postupak pravne zaštite u području prava na pristup informacijama kao jednom od temeljnih ljudskih prava. Pravo na pristup informacijama je u RH od 2003. regulirano Zakonom o pravu na pristup informacijama, nakon čega je 2010. zajamčeno i Ustavom RH. Slijedom toga, u radu će se posebice pojasniti načini pravne zaštite u ostvarivanju prava na pristup informacijama s naglaskom na djelokrug i rad Povjerenika za informiranje. Nadalje, u radu će se objasniti i postupak podnošenja žalbe Povjereniku za informiranje protiv rješenja tijela javne vlasti, kao i posebni upravni postupak protiv rješenja Povjerenika za informiranje kada žalba nije dopuštena nego se može pokrenuti upravni spor pred Visokim upravnim sudom RH.This paper presents the procedure for legal protection in the area of the right to access information as one of the fundamental human rights. The right to access information in the RC has been regulated by the Law on the right to access information since 2003, after which it was guaranteed by the Constitution of the RC in 2010. Consequently, the paper will particularly clarify the ways legal protection in exercising the right to access information with an emphasis on scope and work Information Commissioner. Furthermore, the paper will explain the procedure for submitting an appeal to the Information Commissioner against the decision of the public authority, as well as a special administrative procedure against the decision of the Information Commissioner when the appeal is not allowed but can initiate an administrative dispute before the High Administrative Court of the RC
CONTRACTUAL RELATIONSHIPS IN RAILWAY TRANSPORT
No full textŽeljeznički promet sve je razvijeniji i zbog poboljšanja kvalitete prijevoznih usluga provodi se analiza ugovornih odnosa na temelju kojih nastaju prava i obveze putnika i prijevoznika. Ovaj rad usmjeren je na glavni problem ograničavanja od odgovornosti u željezničkom prometu koji se rješava prilagodbom pravima i obvezama. Istražuje se važnost Konvencije o međunarodnom željezničkom prijevozu, Zakona o ugovoru u prijevozu, Jedinstvenih pravnih propisa i drugih Uredbi. Proučava se rad Hrvatske regulatorne agencije za mrežne djelatnosti i predstavlja način i ciljeve koje provodi. Korištenje pravnih propisa proizlazi iz nesreća i neočekivanih situacija o kojima ovisi način prihvaćanja odgovornosti ili pravo na zaštitu od odgovornosti. Cilj rada je spoznati na koji način se može zaštititi od odgovornosti te upoznati s pravima prilikom korištenja ove vrste prijevoza.Railway transport is increasingly developed, and due to the improvement of the quality of transport services, an analysis of the contractual relations is being carried out on the basis of which the rights and obligations of passengers and carriers arise. This work is focused on the main problem of limitation of liability in railway traffic, which is solved by adjusting rights and obligations. The importance of the Convention on International Rail Transport, the Law on Transport Contracts, Uniform Legal Regulations and other Regulations is investigated. The work of the Croatian Regulatory Agency for Network Activities is studied and the method and goals it implements are presented. The use of legal regulations arises from accidents and unexpected situations on which the way of accepting responsibility or the right to protection from liability depends. The aim of the work is to learn how to protect yourself from liability and to learn about your rights when using this type of transport
EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION
No full textPredmet ovog završnog rada je motivacija zaposlenika. Upravljanje ljudskim potencijalima u poslovnoj organizaciji složen je posao koji odrađuje menadžment. Jedan od zadataka menadžmenta kada su u pitanju ljudski potencijali u poslovnoj organizaciji je motivacija zaposlenika. Uspješni menadžeri su oni koji uspješno motiviraju svoje zaposlenike, a kako bi uspješno motivirali zaposlenike menadžeri moraju razviti i kontinuirano primjenjivati motivacijski sustav u kojem su obuhvaćene različite strategije materijalnog i nematerijalnog nagrađivanja. Ciljevi ovog završnog rada su objasniti važnost i načine motivacije zaposlenika na radnom mjestu te prikazati motivaciju zaposlenika u poslovnoj organizaciji „Yasenka d.o.o.“. Iz svega navedenog u radu došlo se do zaključka da bez učinkovitog motivacijskog sustava poslovne organizacije teško mogu dugoročno zadržati zaposlenike i još teže mogu ostvariti poslovne ciljeve. Također, iz rezultata provedenog primarnog istraživanja o motivaciji zaposlenika u „Yasenka d.o.o.“ zaključuje se da motivacijski sustav u „Yasenka d.o.o.“ ima puno prostora za napredak, da zaposlenici nisu adekvatno motivirani ni zadovoljni radnim mjestom, da zaposlenike najviše motiviraju izravne materijalne kompenzacije, da motivaciju zaposlenika koči kontinuirano povećanje obujma posla i da se većina zaposlenika koji su sudjelovali u istraživanju ne vidi u „Yasenka d.o.o.“ za pet godina.The subject of the final thesis is the motivation of the employees. Managing human resources in a business organization is a complex task carried out by the management. One of the main management’s tasks related to human resources within the business organization is to motivate the employees. What makes a manager successful is his skill to motivate the employees. To successfully motivate the employees, managers should develop and continuously employ a system of motivation which involves different strategies of material and non-material rewards. The aim of this paper is to elaborate on the importance and ways of motivating the employees and to show the motivation of the employees of “Yasenka d.o.o.” business organization. It can be concluded that without an efficient system of motivation a business organization can hardly keep the employees in the long term, let alone fulfill the business goals. Furthermore, from the survey conducted among the employees of “Yasenka d.o.o. on topic of motivation, it can be concluded that the employees are neither adequately motivated nor satisfied with their workplace; they feel most motivated by direct material compensation and most of the subjects feel hindered by the constant increase of workload. Most of the subjects participated in the survey do not see themselves in “Yasenka d.o.o.” within the next five years
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITES OF WOMEN'S ENTEPRENEURSHIP IN THE OSIJEK - BARANJA COUNTY
No full textŽensko poduzetništvo je relativno nov pojam i veže se uz ekonomsku aktivnost žena koje razmišljaju o vlastitom poslu, pokreću ga, organiziraju te preuzimaju rizik koji je neizbježan. Danas žene svakodnevno dokazuju da, osim tipičnih poslova koje su radile kroz povijest, mogu biti jednako dobre i u drugom poslovima koji su se dominantno smatrali muškim poslovima. No, iako uspješne, na svom poduzetničkom putu još uvijek su suočene s brojnim preprekama koje se prepoznaju ponajprije u ekonomskim, strukturalnim i tzv. mekim preprekama. U radu se polazi od hipoteze kako postati/biti poduzetnica u Republici Hrvatskoj je težak i zahtjevan proces.Istraživanje je provedeno u razdoblju od 01. ožujka do 20. travnja 2023. godine putem Google ankete u kojem je sudjelovalo 25 poduzetnica (N=25) s područja Osječko-baranjske županije. Rezultati istraživanja sugeriraju kako poduzetnice kao najveću prepreku vide birokraciju, brojnu papirologiju “koja nikome ne služi”, poreznu i pravnu regulativu te visoke porezne obveze.Women's entrepreneurship is a relatively new concept and is associated with the economic activity of women who think about their own business, start it, organize it and take the inevitable risk. Today, women prove every day that, apart from the typical jobs they have done throughout history, they can be just as good in other jobs that were dominantly considered men's jobs. However, even though they are successful, they are still faced with numerous obstacles on their entrepreneurial journey, which are recognized primarily in the economic, structural and so-called soft obstacles. The paper starts from the hypothesis that becoming/being an entrepreneur in the Republic of Croatia is a difficult and demanding process. The research was conducted in the period from March 1 to April 20, 2023 through a Google survey in which 25 female entrepreneurs (N=25) from Osijek-Baranja County participated. The research results suggest that female entrepreneurs see bureaucracy, numerous paperwork "that serves no one", tax and legal regulations and high tax obligations as the biggest obstacle