Repository of Polytechnic Lavoslav Ružička Vukovar
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RIGHTS OF NATIONAL MINORITIES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
No full textIstraživanje prava nacionalnih manjina unutar Europske unije gdje se posebno naglašava mehanizam zaštite i načini provođenja tema je ovog završnog rada. Nacionalne manjine značajno doprinose kulturnoj, jezičnoj i vjerskoj raznolikosti te je upravo zbog toga važno različitim mehanizmima ih zaštititi od diskriminacije kojoj su u prošlosti, a i danas, često izloženi. Bilo koji oblici diskriminacije značajno uništavaju kvalitetu života nacionalnih manjina i na taj se način krše temeljna ljudska prava bilo da se radi o pripadniku nacionalne manjine, bilo da se radi o osobi koja nije pripadnik manjine. Problem je to na koji nailaze pojedine države članice te se stvara potreba za poboljšanjem prava manjina. Taj problem su prepoznale mnoge europske i međunarodne organizacije. Cilj rada je analizirati na koji način države članice primjenjuju mehanizme zaštite prava manjina te njihovu primjenu usporediti s europskim standardima i politikom. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju kako unatoč visokim standardima zaštite manjina koje je postavila Europska unija, pojedine države članice po pitanju toga odstupaju. Potrebno je usklađenje njihove politike s politikom koje provodi Europska unija kako bi se riješili problemi koji se odnose na pitanje nacionalnih manjina. Ovaj rad pokazuje na koji je način Europska unija utjecala i doprinijela poboljšanju ljudskih prava i prava nacionalnih manjina.The research of the rights of national minorities within the European Union, where the mechanism of protection and methods of implementation is particularly emphasized, is the topic of this final thesis. National minorities significantly contribute to cultural, linguistic and religious diversity, and precisely because of this it is important to protect them from the discrimination to which they are often exposed in the past, and still today, through various mechanisms. Any form of discrimination significantly destroys the quality of life of national minorities and in this way fundamental human rights are violated, whether it is a member of a national minority or a person who is not a member of a minority. This is a problem faced by individual member states and creates the need to improve the rights of minorities. This problem has been recognized by many European and international organizations. The aim of the work is to analyze how the member states apply mechanisms for the protection of minority rights and to compare their application with European standards and policies. The results of the research show that despite the high standards of minority protection set by the European Union, individual member states deviate in this regard. It is necessary to harmonize their policy with the policy implemented by the European Union in order to solve the problems related to the issue of national minorities. This paper shows how the European Union influenced and contributed to the improvement of human rights and the rights of national minorities
STATUTES OF PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS
No full textU radu se analizira statut kao akt koji sadrži pravne norme kojima se regulira djelokrug ili nadležnost javne ustanove. U uvodu se navodi što su to opći akti i za što su važni, te definicija statuta. U drugom poglavlju opisuje se predmet istraživanja rada, te također i cilj ovoga rada. Korištene su metode deskripcije i komparacije, te su analizirani i znanstveni radovi, te komparirani statuti pet osnovnih škola. Treće poglavlje se odnosi na ustanove i definiciju istih, te što su to javne ustanove, naziv i sjedište javne ustanove, djelatnost javne ustanove, unutarnje ustrojstvo i upravljanje javnim ustanovama, imovina javne ustanove, prestanak javne ustanove, opći akti javne ustanove, te analiza statuta odgojnih i obrazovnih ustanova. U poglavlju opći akti javne ustanove pobliže je opisan odnos zakona i statuta. Pišući rad proučavana je razna znanstvena i stručna literatura, te zakonski akti i statuti.This work is analyzing statute as an act which contains legal regulations which control scope or jurisdiction of public institutions. Introduction states what are general acts and what they are important for, as well as the definition of jurisdiction. Second chapter describes the subject of the research paper, also the goal of this paper. Methods of description and comparison have been used, science papers have been analyzed, and five elementary school statutes have been compared. Third chapter deals with institutions and their definition, what exactly are public institutions, their name, headquarters and activities, internal organization, management and assets of the same, ending and public acts of public institutions, as well as analysis of statutes of upbringing and educational institutions. Chapter general acts of public institutions closely describes the relationship between laws and statutes. While writing the paper different scientific and expert literature has been studied, as well as legal acts and statutes
ONLINE ADVERTISING - THE POWER OF SOCIAL MEDIA INFLUENCERS
No full textU ovom završnom radu bavimo se analizom online oglašavanja s posebnim fokusom na utjecaj influencera na društvenim mrežama. U radu se najprije definiraju moderni koncepti online oglašavanja te se uspoređuje s tradicionalnim oblicima oglašavanja. Naglašene su prednosti i nedostaci online oglašavanja, poput globalnog dosega, mogućnosti preciznog ciljanja publike te nižih troškova, ali i izazovi poput zasićenja korisnika oglasima i korištenja ad-blockera. Poseban naglasak stavljen je na influencer marketing, gdje se definira pojam influencera i objašnjava njihova uloga u modernim marketinškim strategijama. Influenceri se klasificiraju prema broju pratitelja na mikro, makro i mega influencere te specijalizirane influencere. Analiziraju se karakteristike koje čine influencere uspješnima, uključujući autentičnost, angažman i kreativnost. U praktičnom dijelu rada analiziraju se kampanje u kojima su influenceri imali značajnu ulogu. Pozitivni primjeri uključuju Fenty Beauty, koji je koristio inkluzivnost kao ključnu marketinšku strategiju, te Daniel Wellington, koji je uspješno koristio mikro-influencere. S druge strane, negativni primjeri uključuju kampanje poput one Pepsi s Kendall Jenner, koja je izazvala negativne reakcije publike. Rad zaključuje da je influencer marketing moćan alat, ali zahtijeva paţljivo planiranje i autentičnost kako bi bio uspješan.This final paper deals with the analysis of online advertising with a special focus on the influence of influencers on social networks. The paper first defines the basic concepts of online advertising and compares it with traditional forms of advertising. The advantages and disadvantages of online advertising are highlighted, such as global reach, the possibility of precise audience targeting, and lower costs, but also challenges such as user saturation with ads and the use of ad-blockers. Special emphasis is placed on influencer marketing, where the term influencer is defined and their role in modern marketing strategies is explained. Influencers are classified according to the number of followers into micro, macro, and mega influencers and specialized influencers. The characteristics that make influencers successful are analyzed, including authenticity, engagement, and creativity. In the practical part of the work, campaigns in which influencers played a significant role are analyzed. Positive examples include Fenty Beauty, which used inclusivity as a key marketing strategy, and Daniel Wellington, which successfully used micro-influencers. On the other hand, negative examples include campaigns like Pepsi's with Kendall Jenner, which caused negative reactions from the audience. The paper concludes that influencer marketing is a powerful tool, but requires careful planning and authenticity to be successful
NEW DIMENSIONS OF MARKETING INTERACTION WITH CONSUMERS
No full textU završnom radu razmatraju se nove dimenzije marketinške interakcije s potrošačima. S dolaskom digitalne transformacije i ulaskom u novu industrijsku revoluciju koja otvara brojne nove mogućnosti zapošljavanja marketinških stručnjaka u digitalnom okruženju, postaje ključno upoznati svoje potrošače, kupce i klijente te im i pristupiti na odgovarajući način. Također, napredak tehnologije olakšava i brzinu te smanjuje troškove pretraživanja, zbog čega su alternativni proizvodi dostupniji, cijene se lako i brzo mogu usporediti, a preporuke mogu biti odlučujuće kada se novi kupac premišlja donijeti odluku o kupnji. Dakle, glavni je cilj rada ustvrditi koji su novi načini marketinške interakcije s potrošačima. S tim u vezi, u radu se detaljnije razmatraju neuromarketing i viralni marketing kao oblici marketinga na kojima je veći fokus istraživača u suvremeno doba i koji mogu osigurati precizno utvrđivanje preferencija potrošača. U radu se rabe sekundarni izvori podataka te sljedeće metode: metoda kompilacije, komparacije i deskripcije. U radu su navedeni i praktični primjeri koji trebaju biti od pomoći čitatelju te zorno dočarati teorijsku podlogu.The final paper discusses new dimensions of marketing interaction with consumers. With the arrival of digital transformation and the beginning of a new industrial revolution, which opens up numerous new opportunities for marketing experts' employment in a digital environment, it has become essential to get to know one's consumers, buyers and clients and to approach them in the right way. Also, technological advancements make search faster and reduce search costs, making alternative products more accessible, prices easily and quickly comparable, and recommendations can be influential when a new customer is making their purchase decision. Therefore, the main goal of this paper is to determine the new ways of marketing interaction with consumers. Furthermore, the paper discusses neuromarketing and viral marketing as forms of marketing that emphasise researchers' focus in the modern era and can provide precise determination of consumer preferences. The paper uses secondary information sources and the following methods: compilation, comparison and description. It also provides practical examples that should help the reader and illustrate its theoretical framework
DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE CROATIAN ECONOMY
No full textDemografske promjene kao i demografska kretanja aktualna su pitanja na području Europe, ali i na globalnoj razini. Opće su poznati pojmovi poput nataliteta, mortaliteta, prirodnog prirasta, emigracija i imigracija, no kako sve one utječu na život nekog područja? Također, bilo koji oblik takvog kretanja neposredno ili čak vrlo direktno može utjecati i na gospodarstvo, iako se primarno ne čini da su gospodarstvo i demografija usko povezani. Činjenica je da je demografija u potpunosti ovisna o postupanjima, promišljanjima i djelovanju čovjeka. Upravo čovjek određuje budućnost demografskih tokova, a samim time i njihov utjecaj na gospodarstvo. Trenutna situacija u svijetu, gledajući iz perspektive demografije, pokazuje koliko je jak utjecaj čovjeka koji se u mnogim primjerima podređuje utjecaju prirode. Čovjek ima pozitivnu moć utjecaja na demografske promjene, ali nažalost i negativnu. Slična je situacija s gospodarstvom te je jasno da je budućnost razvoja demografije i gospodarstva u našim rukama.Demographic changes as well as demographic trends are current issues in Europe and on a global level. Concepts such as birth rate, mortality, natural increase, emigration, and immigration are generally known. The question is how do they all affect the life of in a specific area? Also, any form of such movement can directly affect the economy, even though it does not primarily seem that the economy and demography are closely related. The fact is that demography is completely dependent on human actions, thoughts, and actions. People are the ones who determine the future of demographic trends, and thus their impact on the economy is very big. The current situation in the world, looking from the perspective of demography, shows how strong is the influence of people, who in many cases submits to the influence of nature. People have a power to influence demographic changes positively, but unfortunately, they can also affect negatively. The situation with the economy is similar, and the future of demographic and economic development is in our hands
PSYCHOMOTOR DIFFERENCES IN PHYSICALLY ACTIVE AND INACTIVE CHILDREN
No full textPsihomotorni razvoj djece ključan je za njihov cjelokupan rast i razvoj, obuhvaćajući koordinaciju pokreta, ravnotežu, preciznost i brzinu reakcije. Tjelesna aktivnost igra značajnu ulogu u unaprjeđenju ovih sposobnosti. Djeca koja su tjelesno aktivna često pokazuju bolje motoričke vještine, bolju koordinaciju oko – ruka te višu razinu tjelesne kondicije u usporedbi s njihovim neaktivnim vršnjacima. S druge strane, sedentarno ponašanje može negativno utjecati na psihomotorni razvoj, dovodeći do slabije motoričke koordinacije i smanjenih tjelesnih sposobnosti. U današnjem društvu, gdje digitalna tehnologija često zauzima središnje mjesto u slobodnom vremenu djece, važno je razumjeti razlike između tjelesno aktivne i neaktivne djece kako bi se moglo promovirati zdraviji i aktivniji način života. Ovaj pregled literature ima za cilj istražiti psihomotorne razlike između tjelesno aktivne i neaktivne djece, te identificirati ključne faktore koji doprinose ovim razlikama. Uočavanje ovih razlika može pružiti vrijedne smjernice za roditelje, odgajatelje i zdravstvene djelatnike u poticanju tjelesne aktivnosti među djecom s ciljem poboljšanja njihovog psihomotornog razvoja i općeg zdravlja.Psychomotor development in children is crucial for their overall growth and development, encompassing movement coordination, balance, precision, and reaction speed. Physical activity plays a significant role in enhancing these abilities. Children who are physically active often display better motor skills, improved hand-eye coordination, and higher levels of physical fitness compared to their inactive peers. On the other hand, sedentary behavior can negatively impact psychomotor development, leading to poorer motor coordination and reduced physical abilities. In today's society, where digital technology often takes center stage in children's leisure time, it is important to understand the differences between physically active and inactive children to promote a healthier and more active lifestyle. This literature review aims to explore the psychomotor differences between physically active and inactive children and identify key factors contributing to these differences. Recognizing these differences can provide valuable guidelines for parents, educators, and healthcare professionals in encouraging physical activity among children with the goal of improving their psychomotor development and overall health
PHYSIOTHERAPY PROCES IN CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME
No full textSindrom karpalnog tunela predstavlja čestu neuropatiju uzrokovanu kompresijom nervus medianusa unutar karpalnog tunela u zapešću. Procjena stanja pacijenta, planiranje terapije, primjenu različitih terapeutskih modaliteta i evaluaciju postignutih rezultata ključni su faktori u liječenju ovog sindroma. Patofiziologija sindroma karpalnog tunela obuhvaća mehanizme koji dovode do kompresije živca i posljedičnih simptoma. Etiološki faktori su raznoliki, uključujući repetitivne pokrete, nepravilne radne navike i određene medicinske uvjete. Identificirane su rizične skupine koje su podložnije razvoju ovog sindroma, što je ključno za ciljanu prevenciju. Klinička slika uključuje bol, trnce, slabost i gubitak funkcije u zahvaćenoj ruci. Fizioterapijski proces započinje detaljnom procjenom pacijenta, uključujući anamnezu i fizikalni pregled. Planiranje terapije temelji se na individualiziranom pristupu, s ciljevima usmjerenim na smanjenje simptoma, poboljšanje funkcionalnosti i prevenciju recidiva. Evaluacija terapijskog učinka ključna je za prilagodbu tretmana i osiguranje optimalnih rezultata. Preventivne mjere i savjeti za pacijente također vrlo važni kako bi se smanjio rizik od ponovne pojave sindroma.Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common neuropathy caused by compression of the median nerve inside the carpal tunnel in the wrist. Assessment of the patient's condition, planning of therapy, application of various therapeutic modalities and evaluation of the achieved results are key factors in the treatment of this syndrome. The pathophysiology of carpal tunnel syndrome encompasses the mechanisms that lead to nerve compression and the resulting symptoms. Etiological factors are varied, including repetitive motions, improper work habits, and certain medical conditions. Risk groups that are more susceptible to the development of this syndrome have been identified, which is crucial for targeted prevention. The clinical picture includes pain, tingling, weakness and loss of function in the affected arm. The physiotherapy process begins with a detailed assessment of the patient, including history and physical examination. Therapy planning is based on an individualized approach, with goals aimed at reducing symptoms, improving functionality and preventing relapse. Evaluation of the therapeutic effect is essential for adjusting the treatment and ensuring optimal results. Preventive measures and advice for patients are also very important to reduce the risk of recurrence of the syndrome
EVALUATING THE PERFORMANCE OF POLICE OFFICERS
No full textBiti policijski službenik, odnosno obavljati policijski posao nije niti malo lako. Na policijskim službenicima leži velika odgovornost no isto tako su policijski službenici za vrijeme obavljanja svojega posla u službi, ali i izvan službe, konstantno izloženi raznim oblicima opasnosti i stresa. Policijski službenik mora donositi odluke koje trebaju biti u skladu sa Ustavom i Zakonom te svim ostalim normativnim aktima, a koje ujedno moraju biti svrsishodne u rješavanju određene problematike koja je u određenom trenutku aktualna te je policijski službenik u tom trenutku ona osoba na kojoj leži rješavanje situacije. Osim navedenog, policijski službenik odgovara svojim postupcima i donesenim odlukama nadležnim rukovoditeljima kojih iznad policijskog službenika ima mnogo. Od policijskih službenika očekuje se mnogo, kako od samih građana tako i od rukovoditelja a policijski službenik je taj koji ta očekivanja treba ispuniti, a da bi ih ispunio mora raspolagati velikim znanjem, raznim vještinama, kreativnom samoinicijativnošću no da bi mogao raspolagati svime navedenim, potrebno je steći iskustvo u službi koje se ne stječe preko noći. Na kraju svega, policijski službenik se ocijeni za sve gore navedene radnje a što je policijskom službeniku prvotni temelj za eventualna napredovanja ali i stjecanje ugleda u službi.Being a police officer, i.e. performing police work, is not at all easy. Police officers bear a great responsibility, but they are also constantly exposed to various forms of danger and stress while performing their work on duty, as well as outside of duty. A police officer must make decisions that must be in accordance with the Constitution and the Law and all other normative acts, and which must at the same time be expedient in solving a specific issue that is current at a certain moment, and the police officer is at that moment the person responsible for solving the situation . In addition to the above, the police officer is accountable for his actions and decisions to the competent managers, of whom there are many above the police officer. A lot is expected from police officers, both from the citizens themselves and from managers, and the police officer is the one who needs to fulfill these expectations, and in order to fulfill them, he must have great knowledge, various skills, creative self-initiative, but in order to be able to have all of the above, it is necessary is to gain experience in service that is not acquired overnight. At the end of it all, the police officer is evaluated for all the above-mentioned actions, which is the initial basis for the police officer for possible promotions and gaining reputation in the service
ONLINE HABIT OF THE 16 TO 24 YEAR OLD GENERATION
No full textOvaj rad analizira online navike generacije mladih u dobi od 16 do 24 godine, fokusirajući se na različite aspekte njihovog digitalnog života. Prvo su istaknuta osnovna obilježja ove generacije, poznate kao Generacija Z, koja se odlikuje visokom tehnološkom pismenošću i kontinuiranom povezanošću s internetom. Zatim se razmatra njihova upotreba društvenih mreža, s posebnim naglaskom na to kako Generacija Z koristi platforme poput Instagrama, TikToka i YouTube-a za komunikaciju, izražavanje identiteta i konzumaciju sadržaja. U dijelu koji se bavi konzumacijom sadržaja i informacija, analizirano je kako Generacija Z pristupa informacijama, te kako filtriraju i vrednuju digitalne sadržaje. Posebna pažnja posvećena je utjecaju interneta na društveni život i mentalno zdravlje mladih, uz diskusiju o prednostima i izazovima koje donosi stalna povezanost. Rad se također bavi utjecajem pandemije COVID-19 na online kupovne navike ove generacije, kao i na njihov prelazak na online obrazovanje, istražujući promjene u pristupu učenja i prilagodbu novim digitalnim alatima. Kroz istraživanje provedeno među ispitanicima dobne skupine od 16 do 24 godine, identificirani su ključni trendovi, kao što su dominantna upotreba mobilnih uređaja, visoka prisutnost na društvenim mrežama, te preferencije za specifične aplikacije i sadržaje. Rezultati ukazuju na to da ova generacija koristi Internet prvenstveno za komunikaciju, zabavu i informiranje, s naglaskom na vizualni sadržaj i kratke forme medija. Također, istraživanje ističe potencijalne rizike, poput ovisnosti za razvijanjem digitalne pismenosti i svjesnog korištenja digitalnih alata.This paper analyzes the online habits of the generation of young people between the ages of 16 and 24, focusing on different aspects of their digital life. First, the basic features of this generation, known as Generation Z, are highlighted, which is characterized by high technological literacy and continuous connection to the Internet. It then looks at their use of social media, with a particular focus on how Generation Z uses platforms like Instagram, TikTok and YouTube to communicate, express their identity and consume content. In the part that deals with the consumption of content and information, it was analyzed how Generation Z accesses information, and how they filter and evaluate digital content. Special attention is paid to the impact of the Internet on the social life and mental health of young people, with a discussion of the advantages and challenges brought by constant connectivity. The paper also deals with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the online shopping habits of this generation, as well as their transition to online education, exploring changes in learning approaches and adaptation to new digital tools. Through research conducted among respondents of that age group, key trends were identified, such as dominant use of mobile devices, high presence on social networks, and preferences for specific applications and content. The results indicate that this generation uses the Internet primarily for communication, entertainment and information, with an emphasis on visual content and short forms of media. Also, the research highlights potential risks, such as addiction to developing digital literacy and the conscious use of digital tools
PARENTS PERCEPTION OF THE LEVEL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF CHILDREN IN THE LOWER GRADES OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN THE AREA OF SLAVONIA
No full textTjelesna aktivnost predstavlja temeljni aspekt cjelokupnog razvoja djece, značajno doprinoseći njihovom fizičkom, mentalnom i socijalnom zdravlju. Cilj ovog istraživanja je ispitati percepciju roditelja o razini tjelesne aktivnosti njihove djece, kao i faktore koji utječu na tu percepciju. Među ispitivanim faktorima su roditeljske navike i stavovi prema tjelesnoj aktivnosti, sociodemografske karakteristike roditelja te spol djeteta. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 123 roditelja koji su ispunili online upitnik. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na to da roditelji koji su sami tjelesno aktivni potiču dijete na tjelesnu aktivnost, upisuju ga na sportski program zbog svijesti o opasnostima tjelesne neaktivnosti te često provode slobodno vrijeme s djetetom u prirodi. Majke se više od očeva ne slažu s tvrdnjama kako izbor aktivnosti ne odgovara interesima djeteta ili da je sport gubljenje vremena. Uz navedeno, roditelji mlađih dobnih skupina češće provode slobodno vrijeme s djetetom u prirodi i parku, u odnosu na starije roditelje. Zaposleni roditelji ne percipiraju materijalne prepreke kao ograničenje za upisivanje djece u sportske programe, dok nezaposleni roditelji provode više vremena s djecom u prirodi. Nisu uočene značajnije razlike u percepciji roditelja o tjelesnoj aktivnosti prema spolu djeteta, osim da roditelji dječaka smatraju kako pohađanje sportskog programa omogućuje kvalitetniju socijalizaciju s drugom djecom, za razliku od roditelja djevojčica koji ne vide istu razinu socijalizacije kroz sportske aktivnosti.Physical activity constitutes a fundamental aspect of the overall development of children, significantly contributing to their physical, mental, and social health. This study aims to examine parents' perceptions of their children's physical activity levels, as well as the factors influencing these perceptions. The factors investigated include parental habits and attitudes towards physical activity, sociodemographic characteristics of the parents, and the child's gender. The study was conducted on a sample of 123 parents who completed an online survey. Research results indicate that parents who are physically active themselves encourage their children to be physically active, enroll them in a sports program due to awareness of the dangers of physical inactivity, and often spend free time with their children in nature. Mothers disagree more than fathers with the statements that the choice of activities does not match the child's interests or that sports are a waste of time. In addition to the above, parents of younger age groups more often spend their free time with their children in nature and in the park, compared to older parents. Employed parents do not perceive financial barriers as a limitation for enrolling their children in sports programs, whereas unemployed parents spend more time with their children in nature. No significant differences were observed in parents' perceptions of physical activity based on the child's gender, except that parents of boys believe that participating in sports programs allows for better socialization with other children, unlike parents of girls who do not perceive the same level of socialization through sports activities