Repository of Polytechnic Lavoslav Ružička Vukovar
Not a member yet
1675 research outputs found
Sort by
RISK FACTORS FOR INJURIES AMONG ATHLETES
No full textPredviđanje ozljeda jedno je od najizazovnijih pitanja u sportu i ključna komponenta za prevenciju ozljeda, budući da uspješna identifikacija prediktora ozljeda čini osnovu za učinkovite preventivne mjere. U današnje vrijeme nogomet spada u jedne od najpopularnijih sportova u svijetu ne samo muškaraca već i žena. Kako bi se nastanak ozljeda u nogometu mogao prevenirati na vrijeme, važno je poznavanje čimbenika rizika zbog kojih ozljede nastaju. Cilj ovog rada bio je utvrditi čimbenike rizika na nastanak ozljeda na sportašicama 2. hrvatske nogometne lige žena. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 25 nogometašica Ženskog nogometnog kluba Višnjevac iz Osijeka u dobi od 18 do 32 godine. Ispitanice su ispunile upitnik čija pitanja su se odnosila na ozljeđivanje, te intrinzične i ekstrinzične čimbenike rizika od ozljeda. Rezultati su pokazali da čimbenici rizika poput utjecaja trenera, loše kvalitete sna, vremenskih uvjeta, duljine oporavka, dominantne noge utječu na nastanak ozljede. Također loše provedena rehabilitacija, nedovoljno odmora te neadekvatan oporavak, kao i zadobivene prethodne ozljede, predstavljaju čimbenike rizika za nastanak ozljede. Razumijevanje čimbenika rizika za ozljede u nogometu ključan je korak u smanjenju učestalosti i ozbiljnosti ozljeda među igračima. Sportaši, treneri i cijeli tim oko sportaša moraju biti educirani i svjesni važnosti prevencije ozljeda. Kontinuirani rad na poboljšanju pripreme svakog sportaša i osiguravanju optimalnih uvjeta za trening i natjecanja može značajno doprinijeti smanjenju rizika od ozljeda i održavanju zdravlja sportaša na dugoročnoj razini.Injury prediction is one of the most challenging issues in sports and a key component for injury prevention since the successful identification of injury predictors forms the basis for effective preventive measures. Nowadays, football is one of the most popular sports in the world, not only for men but also for women. To prevent injuries in football in time, it is important to know the risk factors that cause injuries. This work aimed to determine the risk factors for the occurrence of injuries in athletes of the 2nd Croatian Women's Football League. 25 female soccer players from the Višnjevac Women's Soccer Club from Osijek, aged 18 to 32, participated in the research. The respondents filled out a questionnaire whose questions related to injury and intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors of injury. The results showed that risk factors such as the coach's influence, poor sleep quality, weather conditions, length of recovery, and dominant leg affect the occurrence of injuries. Also, poorly conducted rehabilitation, insufficient rest, and inadequate recovery, as well as previous injuries, are risk factors for the occurrence of injuries. Understanding the risk factors for soccer injuries is a key step in reducing the incidence and severity of injuries among players. Athletes, coaches and the entire team around athletes must be educated and aware of the importance of injury prevention. Continuous work on improving the preparation of each athlete and ensuring optimal conditions for training and competition can significantly contribute to reducing the risk of injuries and maintaining the health of athletes on a long-term level
DEMOCRACYS AND SELF-GOVERNMENTS
No full textDemokracija i samovlade su ključni koncepti u političkoj teoriji i praksi, često se preplićući i nadopunjujući. Demokracija je politički sustav u kojem vlast proizlazi iz naroda. Temelji se na načelima slobode, jednakosti i prava građana da sudjeluju u odlučivanju, bilo izravno, kao u direktnoj demokraciji, ili putem izabranih predstavnika, kao u predstavničkoj demokraciji. Samovlade ili samouprava odnosi se na sustav u kojem ljudi sami upravljaju svojim zajednicama ili organizacijama. Ovaj koncept može biti primijenjen na različitim razinama, od lokalnih zajednica do nacionalnih vlada. Samovlade naglašava decentralizaciju moći i participativno donošenje odluka, gdje članovi zajednice aktivno sudjeluju u procesu upravljanja i donošenja odluka. Oba koncepta naglašavaju važnost uključivanja građana u proces odlučivanja, ali se razlikuju po opsegu i metodama primjene. Dok demokracija može funkcionirati na velikim skalama, uključujući cijele nacije, samovlade se često primjenjuje na manjoj, lokalnoj razini, omogućujući veću neposrednu kontrolu i participaciju. Kombinacija oba pristupa može stvoriti uravnotežen sustav upravljanja koji maksimizira sudjelovanje građana i osigurava odgovornost vlasti.Democracy and self-government are key concepts in political theory and practice, often intertwining and complementing each other. Democracy is a political system in which power comes from the people. It is based on the principles of freedom, equality and the right of citizens to participate in decision-making, either directly, as in direct democracy, or through elected representatives, as in representative democracy. Self-government or self-government refers to a system in which people govern their own communities or organizations. This concept can be applied at different levels, from local communities to national governments. Self-government emphasizes the decentralization of power and participatory decision-making, where community members actively participate in the management and decision-making process. Both concepts emphasize the importance of involving citizens in the decision-making process but differ in scope and methods of application. While democracy can function on large scales, including entire nations, self-government is often practiced at a smaller, local level, allowing for greater direct control and participation. A combination of both approaches can create a balanced governance system that maximizes citizen participation and ensures government accountability
DOPING IN CYCLING
No full textDoping u biciklizmu predstavlja značajan problem koji kontinuirano utječe na integritet i percepciju sporta. Unatoč rigoroznim antidopinškim mjerama koje provodi Svjetska antidopinška agencija, upotreba zabranjenih supstanci među profesionalnim i amaterskim biciklistima ostaje raširena. Temeljni uzrok ovog problema često se povezuje s visokim zahtjevima vrhunskog sporta te pritiskom na sportaše da postižu sve bolje rezultate. Istraživanja su pokazala da mladi biciklisti često percipiraju doping kao prihvatljiv na profesionalnoj razini, dok su stariji biciklisti, koji su već uhvaćeni u mrežu dopinga, skloni prenositi te prakse na mlađe naraštaje. To stvara začarani krug koji je teško prekinuti. S druge strane, neke studije su se usmjerile na psihosociološke aspekte problema, istražujući stavove i uvjerenja sportaša o dopingu, što je doprinijelo boljem razumijevanju kako sportaši dolaze do odluke o upotrebi zabranjenih supstanci. Kao rješenje ovog problema, naglašena je potreba za obrazovanjem sportaša, njihovih trenera i medicinskog osoblja o štetnosti dopinga i dugoročnim posljedicama na zdravlje. Uvođenje obrazovnih programa i jačanje svijesti o štetnosti i pravnim posljedicama dopinga mogli bi biti ključni u prevenciji. Također, potrebno je poboljšati kvalitetu nadzora i testiranja sportaša kako bi se osigurala njihova čistoća u sportu. U konačnici, postignuti rezultati u borbi protiv dopinga su mješoviti. Dok neke studije ukazuju na smanjenje upotrebe određenih supstanci zahvaljujući boljem testiranju i edukaciji, problem dopinga kao cjeline ostaje izražen u biciklizmu. Izazov ostaje u implementaciji efikasnijih strategija koje će dugoročno promijeniti kulturu ovog sporta i smanjiti ovisnost o farmakološkoj podršci u postizanju vrhunskih rezultata.Doping in cycling is a significant problem that continuously affects the integrity and perception of the sport. Despite rigorous anti-doping measures implemented by the World Anti-Doping Agency, the use of banned substances among professional and amateur cyclists remains widespread. The root cause of this problem is often associated with the high demands of elite sports and the pressure on athletes to achieve better and better results. Research has shown that young cyclists often perceive doping as acceptable at a professional level, while older cyclists, who are already caught in the doping web, tend to pass these practices on to younger generations. This creates a vicious cycle that is difficult to break. On the other hand, some studies focused on the psychosociological aspects of the problem, investigating the attitudes and beliefs of athletes about doping, which contributed to a better understanding of how athletes come to the decision to use prohibited substances. As a solution to this problem, the need to educate athletes, their coaches and medical staff about the harmful effects of doping and its long-term health consequences. The introduction of educational programs and the strengthening of awareness of the harmfulness and legal consequences of doping could be crucial in prevention. Also, it is necessary to improve the quality of supervision and testing of athletes in order to ensure their purity in sports. Ultimately, the results achieved in the fight against doping are mixed. While some studies indicate a reduction in the use of certain substances thanks to better testing and education, the problem of doping as a whole remains prominent in cycling. The challenge remains in the implementation of more efficient strategies that will change the culture of this sport in the long term and reduce the dependence on pharmacological support in achieving top results
APPLICATION OF POLICE DUTIES AND POWERS WHEN PREVENTING THE COMMISSION AND CAPTURE OF PERPETRATORS OF SMUGGLING/ILLEGAL STAY OF FOREIGN NATIONALS IN THE TERRITORY OF THE REPULIC OF CROATIA
No full textRad istražuje pravne okvire i policijske ovlasti koje se primjenjuju u suzbijanju krijumčarenja i nezakonitog boravka stranih državljana u Republici Hrvatskoj s naglaskom na Zakon o strancima, Kazneni zakon, Zakon o policijskim poslovima i ovlastima te međunarodne ugovore poput Schengenskog sporazuma i Dublinske uredbe. Posebno se analiziraju statistički podaci o kaznenim djelima krijumčarenja i nezakonitog boravka, kao i broj počinitelja. Rad također sadrži detaljnu analizu policijskih ovlasti primijenjenih u konkretnim slučajevima, uključujući studiju slučaja iz Postaje granične policije Tovarnik. Kroz sveobuhvatan pregled, rad ističe važnost adekvatnih zakonskih okvira i policijskih mjera u borbi protiv ove ozbiljne prijetnje nacionalnoj sigurnosti i stabilnosti države.The paper investigates the legal framework and police powers that are used to combat smuggling and the illegal stay of foreign citizens in the Republic of Croatia with an emphasis on the Law on Foreigners, the Criminal Code, the Law on Police Duties and Powers and international treaties such as the Schengen Agreement and the Dublin Regulation. Statistical data on the crimes of smuggling and illegal residence, as well as the number of perpetrators, are analyzed in particular. The paper also contains a detailed analysis of police powers applied in specific cases, including a case study from the Tovarnik Border Police Station. Through a comprehensive review, the paper highlights the importance of adequate legal frameworks and police measures in the fight against this serious threat to national security and state stability
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND DIABETES
No full textOvaj završni rad istražuje povezanost između tjelesne aktivnosti i dijabetesa, naglašavajući ključnu ulogu tjelesne aktivnosti u upravljanju dijabetesom i poboljšanju kvalitete života oboljelih. Dijabetes je kronična bolest koja se javlja kada tijelo ne može učinkovito koristiti inzulin ili ga ne proizvodi u dovoljnim količinama, što rezultira visokim razinama glukoze u krvi. Glavni nalaz istraživanja je da redovita tjelesna aktivnost značajno poboljšava kontrolu glukoze u krvi povećavajući osjetljivost na inzulin. Osobe koje redovito vježbaju imaju niže razine HbA1c, što ukazuje na bolju dugoročnu kontrolu glukoze. Tjelesna aktivnost također smanjuje rizik od kardiovaskularnih bolesti, koje su česte komplikacije kod osoba s dijabetesom. Uz to, vježbanje poboljšava opće zdravlje i kvalitetu života, smanjujući stres, poboljšavajući mentalno zdravlje i povećavajući razinu energije. Rad također analizira specifične preporuke za tjelesnu aktivnost različitim dobnim skupinama i spolovima. Djeca s dijabetesom tipa 1 trebaju najmanje 60 minuta umjerene do intenzivne tjelesne aktivnosti dnevno, dok starije osobe s dijabetesom tipa 2 mogu imati koristi od kombinacije aerobnih vježbi i treninga otpornosti. Unatoč brojnim prednostima, izazovi poput rizika od hipoglikemije zahtijevaju pažljivu edukaciju i prilagodbu terapije za sigurno vježbanje. Rad ističe neizostavnu ulogu tjelesne aktivnosti u upravljanju dijabetesom. Edukacija pacijenata, podrška zdravstvenih stručnjaka i prilagodba programa vježbanja ključni su za uspješno upravljanje bolešću i poboljšanje kvalitete života oboljelih. U današnjem svijetu, smanjenje tjelesne aktivnosti zbog suvremenog načina života predstavlja značajan zdravstveni problem, te je potrebno hitno povećati svijest o važnosti redovitog vježbanja i promicati zdrave životne navike za bolju budućnost svih članova društva.This thesis explores the connection between physical activity and diabetes, emphasizing the key role of physical activity in managing diabetes and improving the quality of life of patients. Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs when the body cannot use insulin effectively or does not produce enough insulin, resulting in high blood glucose levels. The main finding of the research is that regular physical activity significantly improves blood glucose control by increasing insulin sensitivity. People who exercise regularly have lower HbA1c levels, indicating better long-term glucose control. Physical activity also reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases, which are common complications in people with diabetes. In addition, exercise improves overall health and quality of life, reducing stress, improving mental health and increasing energy levels. The paper also analyzes specific recommendations for physical activity for different age groups and genders. Children with type 1 diabetes need at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day, while older adults with type 2 diabetes may benefit from a combination of aerobic exercise and resistance training. Despite the many benefits, challenges such as the risk of hypoglycemia require careful education and therapy adjustments for safe exercise. The work highlights the indispensable role of physical activity in the management of diabetes. Patient education, support from healthcare professionals and adjustment of exercise programs are key to successful disease management and improving the quality of life of patients. In today's world, the reduction of physical activity due to the modern lifestyle represents a significant health problem, and it is necessary to urgently increase awareness of the importance of regular exercise and promote healthy lifestyle habits for a better future for all members of society
REHABILITATION AFTER ANKLE INJURY IN ATHLETES
No full textOzljede gležnja predstavljaju jedan od najčešćih problema među sportašima zbog dinamične uloge gležnja u različitim sportskim aktivnostima. Najčešće ozljede uključuju uganuća, rupture ligamenata i prijelome, a sportovi s najvećom incidencijom ozljeda gležnja su nogomet, košarka i rukomet. Neadekvatno liječenje ovih ozljeda može dovesti do kronične nestabilnosti zgloba, smanjene pokretljivosti i povećanog rizika od ponovnog ozljeđivanja. Rehabilitacija ima ključnu ulogu u oporavku sportaša, osiguravajući povratak optimalnoj funkciji i sprječavanje dugoročnih posljedica. U ovom radu analiziraju se anatomski i biomehanički aspekti zgloba gležnja, faze rehabilitacije nakon ozljede te primjena različitih fizioterapijskih intervencija, uključujući balans i propriocepcijske vježbe, kao i primjena alternativnih metoda poput PDTRa (Proprioceptive Deep Tendon Reflex) i kinesiotapinga. Cilj ovog rada je istražiti najčešće ozljede gležnja kod sportaša i preporučiti optimalne rehabilitacijske postupke za brži i sigurniji povratak sportskim aktivnostima.Ankle injuries are among the most common problems faced by athletes due to the dynamic role of the ankle in various sports activities. The most frequent injuries include sprains, ligament ruptures, and fractures, with sports like soccer, basketball, and handball having the highest incidence of ankle injuries. Inadequate treatment of these injuries can lead to chronic joint instability, reduced mobility, and an increased risk of re-injury. Rehabilitation plays a crucial role in the recovery process, ensuring a return to optimal function and preventing long-term consequences. This paper analyzes the anatomical and biomechanical aspects of the ankle joint, the phases of rehabilitation following an injury, and the application of various physiotherapeutic interventions, including balance and proprioceptive exercises, as well as the use of alternative methods such as Proprioceptive Deep Tendon Reflex (PDTR) and kinesiotaping. The aim of this paper is to explore the most common ankle injuries in athletes and recommend optimal rehabilitation procedures for a faster and safer return to sports activities
THE ROLE OF PHYSIOTHERAPISTS IN REHABILITATION AFTER A TRAUMATIC HEAD INJURY - CASE REPORT
No full textTraumatska ozljeda mozga (TOM) se definira kao oštećenje mozga uzrokovano vanjskom silom, što može dovesti do različitih neuroloških deficita i funkcionalnih oštećenja. Fizioterapeut igra ključnu ulogu u rehabilitaciji pacijenata s traumatskom ozljedom mozga jer terapijski pristupi poput smanjenja spastičnosti, poboljšanja posture i respiratorne funkcije te prevencije komplikacija pomažu pacijentima da povrate funkcionalnost i poboljšaju kvalitetu života. Cilj rada je opisati ulogu fizioterapeuta u rehabilitaciji nakon traumatske ozljede mozga kroz prikaz slučaja pacijenta starog 27 godina koji je u dobi od 18 mjeseci zadobio je kraniocerebralnu traumu padom, a što je rezultiralo spastičkom tetraparezom te kasnije i luksacijom lijevog ramenog zgloba. Rad uključuje početnu procjenu, terapijske ciljeve, individualizirani plan tretmana, intervencije i završnu procjenu s preporukama za daljnju rehabilitaciju.Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is defined as brain damage caused by external force, which can lead to various neurological deficits and functional impairments. A physiotherapist plays a key role in the rehabilitation of patients with TBI, as therapeutic approaches such as reducing spasticity, improving posture and respiratory function, and preventing complications help patients regain functionality and improve their quality of life. The aim of the paper is to describe the role of the physiotherapist in rehabilitation after a traumatic brain injury through the presentation of the case of a 27-year-old patient who, at the age of 18 months, suffered a craniocerebral trauma from a fall, which resulted in spastic tetraparesis and later in luxation of the left shoulder joint. The work includes an initial assessment, therapeutic goals, an individualized treatment plan, interventions and a final assessment with recommendations for further rehabilitation
SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP
No full textSocijalno poduzetništvo, kao oblik poduzetništva, postaje sve značajniji akter u suvremenom društvu. Njegova temeljna odlika je reinvestiranje ostvarenog profita u projekte od društvenog značaja, čime se osim financijskog uspjeha postiže i pozitivan utjecaj na socijalni, ekološki i gospodarski razvoj. Za razliku od tradicionalnih poduzeća, socijalno poduzetništvo fokusira se na rješavanje društvenih izazova, integraciju marginaliziranih skupina te stvaranje održivih rješenja za dobrobit zajednice. Cilj rada je prikazati socijalno poduzetništvo s posebnim osvrtom na njegov razvoj u Republici Hrvatskoj te uspješnim primjerom socijalne zadruge Humana Nova. Ovakav model poduzetništva predstavlja održivu alternativu tradicionalnim poslovnim praksama te pridonosi rješavanju ključnih društvenih izazova kroz inovativna i odgovorna rješenja.Social entrepreneurship, as a subset of entrepreneurship as a whole, is becoming a matter of increasing importance in modern society. The main characteristic of social entrepreneurship is reinvesting part of your profits in projects that are beneficial to society, which results in success not being purely financial but having a significant influence on social, ecological and economic development. In contrast to traditional entrepreneurship, social entrepreneurship focuses on solving social issues, integrating marginal social groups and creating sustainable solutions to ensure the well-being of the community. This thesis aims to present the concept of social entrepreneurship with emphasis on its development in the Republic of Croatia and a successful example of such entrepreneurship in the social cooperative "Humana Nova". This model of entrepreneurship presents an alternative to traditional business practice and contributes to addressing key social issues by using innovative and responsible solutions
THE STRUCTURE OF LEGAL REGULATIONS
No full textStruktura pravnih propisa je ključna stvar u pravu. Kako bi razumjeli njihovo funkcioniranje i primjenu u pravnom sustavu moramo znati da oni predstavljaju normativne akte koji reguliraju i osiguravaju pravnu stabilnost i sigurnost države i društva. To su pisani akti kojima nadležna tijela, poput zakonodavne vlasti, donose pravne norme radi uređivanja društvenih odnosa i čine temelj društvenih odnosa vlasti. U ovom radu istražujemo osnovne podjele i oblike pravnih propisa, podjelu na zakone uredbe i pravilnike. Pravni propisi se dijele prema razini normativne snage (općoj ili specifičnoj namjeni, te prema institucionalnim okvirima u kojima su doneseni), analizirat ćemo i postupak donošenja pravnih propisa, analizirati tumačenje pravnih normi kako bi primjenili to u praksi i osvjetlili njihov značaj za pravnu zaštitu i sigurnost građana.The structure of legal regulations is a key matter in law. In order to understand their functioning and application in the legal system, we must know that they represent normative acts that regulate and ensure the legal stability and security of the state of society. These are written acts by which competent bodies, such as the legislature, adopt legal norms in order to regulate social relations and form the basis social relations of government. In this paper, we investigate the basic divisions and forms of legal regulations, the division into laws, regulations and ordinances. Legal regulations are divided according to the level of normative force (general or specific purpose, and according to the institutional framework in which they were adopted), we will also analyze the process of passing legal regulations, analyze the interpretation of legal norms in order to apply them in practice and shed light on their significance for legal protection and citizens' safety
JUST IN TIME INVENTORY SYSTEM
No full textDell Technologies, globalni lider u području informacijske tehnologije, uspješno primjenjuje Just in Time (JIT) sustav kao ključni element svog proizvodnog modela. Ovaj sustav omogućuje tvrtki da ostvari operativnu izvrsnost i konkurentske prednosti kroz efikasno upravljanje zalihama, fleksibilnost u proizvodnji te visoku kvalitetu proizvoda. Implementacija JIT sustava započela je temeljitom analizom postojećih procesa i identifikacijom ključnih područja za poboljšanje. Dell je usvojio sofisticirane sustave upravljanja zalihama koji omogućuju praćenje potražnje u stvarnom vremenu i minimiziranje zaliha. Taktičko raspoređivanje proizvodnje omogućuje brze promjene u proizvodnim procesima prema potrebama tržišta, dok partnerstva s pouzdanim dobavljačima osiguravaju kontinuiranu opskrbu potrebnih komponenti. Sadašnje stanje JIT sustava u Dellu pokazuje da kompanija ostvaruje niz prednosti. To uključuje povećanu fleksibilnost u proizvodnji, smanjenje troškova skladištenja i upravljanja zalihama te poboljšanu kvalitetu proizvoda. Dell je uspio integrirati JIT sustav u svoj poslovni model i postići operativnu izvrsnost, čime se osigurava konkurentnost i dugoročni uspjeh na tržištu informacijske tehnologije. Međutim, implementacija JIT sustava nosi i određene izazove. Potreba za fleksibilnošću u proizvodnji i planiranju zahtijeva stalnu prilagodbu i ulaganja, dok potreba za pouzdanim informacijskim sustavima postavlja dodatne zahtjeve. Unatoč tim izazovima, Dell je uspio ostvariti značajne prednosti JIT sustava te se pokazao kao primjer uspješne integracije inovativnih proizvodnih strategija u poslovni model.Dell Technologies, a global leader in the field of information technology, successfully applies the Just in Time (JIT) system as a key element of its production model. This system enables the company to achieve operational excellence and competitive advantages through efficient inventory management, flexibility in production and high product quality. The implementation of the JIT system began with a thorough analysis of existing processes and the identification of key areas for improvement. Dell has adopted sophisticated inventory management systems that enable real-time demand monitoring and inventory minimization. Tactical scheduling of production enables rapid changes in production processes according to market needs, while partnerships with reliable suppliers ensure a continuous supply of necessary components. The current state of the JIT system at Dell shows that the company is realizing a number of benefits. This includes increased flexibility in production, reduced storage and inventory management costs, and improved product quality. Dell has been able to integrate the JIT system into its business model and achieve operational excellence, thus ensuring competitiveness and long-term success in the information technology market. However, the implementation of the JIT system also brings certain challenges. The need for flexibility in production and planning requires constant adaptation and investment, while the need for reliable information systems sets additional requirements. Despite these challenges, Dell managed to realize the significant advantages of the JIT system and proved to be an example of successful integration of innovative manufacturing strategies into the business model