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PROMOTION AND PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA WITHIN THE INTERNATIONAL AND REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS FRAME
No full textCilj ovog završnog rada je obraditi promicanje i zaštitu ljudskih prava u Republici Hrvatskoj u okviru međunarodnih i regionalnih organizacija. Kako bi uopće razumjeli promicanje i zaštitu ljudskih prava u Republici Hrvatskoj u okviru međunarodnih i regionalnih organizacija bitno je prvo znati razumjeti ljudska prava i temeljne slobode općenito, te samu povijest nastanka i razvoja ljudskih prava kako bi mogli dalje razumjeti širinu teme. Kroz rad su obrađena ljudska prava od njihovog postanka, do stvaranja međunarodnih i regionalnih organizacija koje promiču i štite ljudska prava, te institucije u Republici Hrvatskoj koje su zadužene za ljudska prava. Na samom kraju opisana je suradnja organizacija i Republike Hrvatske koje imaju jedan veliki zajednički cilj, a to je promicanje i zaštita ljudskih prava u svakoj državi.The aim of this final thesis is to discuss the promotion and protection of human rights in the Republic of Croatia within the framework of international and regional organizations. In order to understand the promotion and protection of human rights in the Republic of Croatia within the framework of international and regional organizations, it is important first to know how to understand human rights and fundamental freedoms in general, as well as the very history of the origin and development of human rights in order to be able to further understand the breadth of the topic. The work deals with human rights from their inception to the creation of international and regional organizations that promote and protect human rights, as well as institutions in the Republic of Croatia that are responsible for human rights. At the very end, the cooperation between organizations and the Republic of Croatia is described, which have one major common goal, which is the promotion and protection of human rights in every country
THE ROLE OF TOURISM IN THE ECONOMY OF CROATIA
No full textTurizam već dugi niz godina predstavlja jednu od najznačajnijih grana gospodarstva u Republici Hrvatskoj. Pokazatelji turističke uspješnosti, izuzev 2020. godine pogođene virusom Covid-19, iz godine u godinu su sve bolji. Sve navedeno ukazuje na činjenicu da Republika Hrvatska sve više ulaže u turizam, bilo da je riječ o materijalnim ili ljudskim resursima te na taj način stoji uz bok najpoznatijim europskim turističkim odredištima. Povećanje broja dolazaka i noćenja stranih i inozemnih turista svakako utječe i na BDP, a isto tako i na druge grane gospodarstva jer od mnogih ima gotovo najveći udio u cjelokupnom gospodarstvu Republike Hrvatske. Ulaskom u Europsku uniju, Hrvatska je postala dostupnija i drugim zemljama (ukidanje granica i sl.) te je i taj korak u Hrvatskoj politici utjecao na razvoj ove iznimno važne gospodarske grane. Također, valja spomenuti da su domaće i međunarodne investicije u turističku infrastrukturu, poput hotela, odmarališta i marina, značajno porasle, čime se dodatno podiže kvaliteta ponude i usluga. Uz to, promocija kulturnih, prirodnih i gastronomskih atrakcija Hrvatske doprinosi privlačenju različitih profila turista, što dodatno obogaćuje turističku ponudu zemlje.Tourism has been one of the most important branches of the economy in the Republic of Croatia for many years. The enormous success in tourism development, with the exception of 2020, which was affected by the Covid-19 virus, is evolving every year. The Republic of Croatia is investing more and more in tourism, whether it is in terms of material or human resources, and thus stands alongside the most famous European tourist destinations. The increase in the number of arrivals and overnight stays of foreign and foreign tourists certainly affects the GDP, as well as other branches of the economy, since it has almost the largest share in the entire economy of the Republic of Croatia. By joining the European Union, Croatia became more accessible to other countries (abolition of borders, etc.), and this step in Croatian politics also influenced the development of this extremely important economic branch. Domestic and international investments in tourist infrastructure, such as hotels, resorts, and marinas, have increased significantly, which raises the quality of the offer and services. Finally, the promotion of Croatia's cultural, natural, and gastronomic attractions contributes to the attraction of different profiles of tourists, which further enriches the country's tourist offer
THE RELATIONSHIP OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND LIFE SATISFACTION PERCEPTION
No full textFizička aktivnost igra ključnu ulogu u očuvanju mentalnog i fizičkog zdravlja te je vitalna za prevenciju i liječenje raznih bolesti. Njena povijest seže tisućama godina unatrag, a njezine dobrobiti za samopouzdanje i opće zadovoljstvo životom su dobro poznate. Kemikalije poput endorfina, serotonina, dopamina i oksitocina, koje se oslobađaju tijekom vježbanja, ključne su za osjećaj sreće i zadovoljstva. Također, fizička aktivnost povoljno utječe na mentalno zdravlje, što je posebno važno s obzirom na visok broj oboljelih od anksioznosti i depresije prema podacima WHO-a. Dodatno, poboljšava kvalitetu sna, što pridonosi općem zadovoljstvu životom. Redovita fizička aktivnost ne samo da poboljšava kvalitetu sna, već također može donijeti brojne koristi, uključujući poboljšanje energetskih razina, memorije, radne učinkovitosti i općeg blagostanja. Cilj istraživanja je provjeriti razinu tjelesne aktivnosti među studentima Veleučilišta "Lavoslav Ružička" u Vukovaru te istražiti kako ta aktivnost korelira s njihovom percepcijom zadovoljstva životom.Physical activity plays a crucial role in maintaining mental and physical health and is vital for preventing and treating various diseases. Its history dates back thousands of years, and its benefits for self-confidence and overall life satisfaction are well known. Chemicals like endorphins, serotonin, dopamine, and oxytocin, released during exercise, are crucial for feelings of happiness and satisfaction. Additionally, physical activity has a favorable impact on mental health, which is especially important given the high number of people suffering from anxiety and depression according to WHO data. Furthermore, it improves sleep quality, contributing to overall life satisfaction. Regular physical activity not only improves sleep quality but can also bring numerous benefits, including enhanced energy levels, memory, work efficiency, and overall well-being. The aim of the research is to assess the level of physical activity among students of the "Lavoslav Ružička" University College in Vukovar and explore how this activity correlates with their perception of life satisfaction
PHYSIOTHERAPY INTERVENTION IN DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY
No full textDuchenneova mišićna distrofija progresivna je bolest koja zahvaća mišićne stanice te tako mišićno tkivo postaje masno i vezivno tkivo. Nedostatkom proteina distrofina u mišićima dolazi do progresivnog propadanja snage mišića. Upravo zbog toga, prvi klinički simptom je slabost proksimalnih mišića te je najčešći znak bolesti Gowersov znak koji ukazuje na specifičan način uspravljanja tijela. Bolest zahvaća dječake te fizioterapijski pristup ima vrlo važnu ulogu u usporavanju progresije bolesti i održavanja što dugotrajnije samostalnosti i motoričkih funkcija. Bolest je neizlječiva te se dijeli u tri stadija bolesti: rana faza samostalnog hoda, prijelazna faza poteškoća s hodom te faza gubitka pokretljivosti. Na temelju provedene fizioterapijske procjene provodi se fizioterapijska intervencija koja je usmjerena na simptome i stadij bolesti. Preporučuje se provoditi vježbe istezanja, snaženja te koordinacije, kao i vježbe disanja te posturalni trening. Uz navedeno, u poodmakloj fazi bolesti primjenjuju se ortoze i udlage te invalidska kolica. Od posebne je važnosti prevencija razvoja kontraktura i posturalnih odstupanja kao i respiratorna fizioterapija. Također, vrlo je bitna edukacija roditelja i oboljelog, kao i modifikacija prostora u kući.Duchenne's muscular dystrophy is a progressive disease that affects muscle cells and thus muscle tissue becomes fat and connective tissue. The lack of dystrophin protein in the muscles leads to a progressive decline in muscle strength. Precisely because of this, the first clinical symptom is weakness of the proximal muscles, and the most common sign of the disease is Gowers' sign, which indicates a specific way of straightening the body. The disease affects boys, and the physiotherapy approach plays a very important role in slowing down the progression of the disease and maintaining independence and motor functions as long as possible. The disease is incurable and is divided into three stages of the disease: the early stage of independent walking, the transitional stage of difficulties with walking and the stage of loss of mobility. On the basis of the performed physiotherapy assessment, a physiotherapy intervention is carried out, which is focused on the symptoms and the stage of the disease. It is recommended to carry out stretching, strengthening and coordination exercises, as well as breathing exercises and postural training. In addition to the above, in advanced stages of the disease, orthoses and splints and wheelchairs are used. Of particular importance is the prevention of the development of contractures and postural deviations, as well as respiratory physiotherapy. Also, education of the parents and the patient is very important, as is the modification of the space in the house
MOTOR DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN WITH DOWN SYNDROME
No full textDownov sindrom je najčešći genetski poremećaj uzrokovan prisutnošću dodatnog 21. kromosoma, a karakteriziran je specifičnim fizičkim osobinama i različitim stupnjevima intelektualnih teškoća. Unatoč napretku u razumijevanju ovog sindroma i razvoju dijagnostičkih i terapijskih pristupa, osobe s Downovim sindromom i dalje se suočavaju s brojnim izazovima. Hipotonija, srčane mane, problemi s vidom i sluhom, gastrointestinalni problemi i ortopedske anomalije značajno utječu na motorički razvoj djece s Downovim sindromom. Razvoj osnovnih motoričkih vještina, kao što su kontrola glave, sjedenje, puzanje, hodanje i fine motoričke vještine, kod djece s Downovim sindromom često kasni zbog hipotonije i drugih zdravstvenih problema. Psihomotorni razvoj djece s Downovim sindromom prolazi kroz specifične faze, uključujući novorođenački period, dojenačko doba, rano djetinjstvo, predškolsko doba, rano školsko doba, adolescenciju i odraslu dob, pri čemu svaka faza donosi specifične izazove i zahtijeva prilagođene intervencije. Rana intervencija, prilagođeni terapijski pristupi i kontinuirana podrška mogu značajno poboljšati kvalitetu života osoba s Downovim sindromom i njihovih obitelji.Down syndrome is the most common genetic disorder caused by the presence of an additional 21st chromosome, characterized by specific physical features and varying degrees of intellectual disability. Despite advances in understanding this syndrome and the development of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, individuals with Down syndrome still face numerous challenges. Hypotonia, heart defects, vision and hearing problems, gastrointestinal issues, and orthopedic anomalies significantly impact the motor development of children with Down syndrome. The development of basic motor skills, such as head control, sitting, crawling, walking, and fine motor skills, in children with Down syndrome is often delayed due to hypotonia and other health issues. The psychomotor development of children with Down syndrome progresses through specific stages, including the neonatal period, early and late infancy, early childhood, preschool age, early school age, adolescence, and adulthood, with each stage presenting unique challenges and requiring tailored interventions. Early intervention, customized therapeutic approaches, and continuous support can significantly improve the quality of life for individuals with Down syndrome and their families
PHYSIOTHERAPY APPROACH AND TRETMANT OF PATIENTS WITH PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS (CASE REPORT)
No full textPsorijatični artritis (PsA) je kronična upalna bolest zglobova koja je usko povezana s psorijazom i pripada skupini spondiloartritisa. Karakterizira je pojava psorijatičnih kožnih lezija, distrofija noktiju te prisutnost daktilitisa i entezitisa. Dijagnoza se postavlja na temelju anamneze, fizičkog pregleda, izostanka reumatoidnog faktora, laboratorijskih pretraga i specifičnih radiografskih značajki. Fizioterapijska procjena uključuje prikupljanje anamneze, subjektivne i objektivne nalaze te postupke mjerenja i testiranja koji pomažu u identifikaciji problema. Najčešće se koristi SOAP metoda u procjeni pacijenata. Ključni ciljevi za oboljele od PsA su ublažavanje boli, poboljšanje funkcionalnosti, sudjelovanje u društvenom životu, smanjenje umora i prevencija psihičkih tegoba. Osim medikamentozne terapije, u rehabilitaciji pacijenata s PsA često se primjenjuju različite metode fizikalne terapije, uključujući kineziterapiju, hidroterapiju, elektroterapiju, fototerapiju i primjenu naftalana. Fizikalna terapija igra važnu ulogu u poboljšanju aktivnosti bolesti, prevenciji ili smanjenju oštećenja zglobova, kontroli boli i unapređenju kvalitete života pacijenata.Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease that is closely related to psoriasis and belongs to the group of spondyloarthritis. It is characterized by the appearance of psoriatic skin lesions, nail dystrophy and the presence of dactylitis and enthesitis. The diagnosis is based on history, physical examination, absence of rheumatoid factor, laboratory tests and specific radiographic features. Physiotherapy assessment includes history taking, subjective and objective findings, and measurement and testing procedures to help identify the problem. The SOAP method is most often used in patient assessment. The key goals for PsA sufferers are pain relief, improvement of functionality, participation in social life, reduction of fatigue and prevention of psychological problems. In addition to drug therapy, various methods of physical therapy are often used in the rehabilitation of patients with PsA, including kinesitherapy, hydrotherapy, electrotherapy, phototherapy, and the use of naphthalene. Physical therapy plays an important role in improving disease activity, preventing or reducing joint damage, controlling pain and improving patients' quality of life
PHYSIOTHERAPY METHODS IN INDIVIDUALS WITH OSTEOPOROSS
No full textOsteoporoza je skeletni poremećaj karakteriziran smanjenom koštanom čvrstoćom koja u zahvaćenoj populaciji predstavlja povećanu šansu frakture kostiju. U svijetu od osteoporoze trenutno boluje 200 milijuna ljudi, a dijeli se na primarnu, sekundarnu i idiopatsku. Primarna osteoporoza zahvaća žene u postmenopauzi i osobe starije od 70 godina. Sekundarna uglavnom nastaje kao posljedica drugih bolesti ili terapija, dok idiopatska nema jasan uzrok. Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija navela je DEXA skeniranje kao zlatni standard u procjeni gustoće kostiju i dijagnostici osteopenije i osteoporoze gdje se rezultat od -1 do -2.5 smatra osteopenijom, a rezultat manji od -2.5 osteoporozom. Rizični čimbenici dijele se na promjenjive i nepromjenjive, od kojih su prehrana i fizičke atktivnosti najvažniji. Fizioterapeutski postupci usmjereni su ka povećanju gustoće kostiju i mišićne mase što posljedično dovodi do poboljšanja ravnoteže i umanjenja šanse padova koji predstavljaju najveću opasnost.Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by reduced bone strength, which in the affected population represents an increased chance of bone fracture. In the world, 200 million people currently suffer from osteoporosis, and it is divided into primary, secondary and idiopathic. Primary osteoporosis affects postmenopausal women and people over 70 years old. Secondary usually occurs as a result of other diseases or therapies, while idiopathic has no clear cause. The World Health Organization is the DEXA scan of the navel as the gold standard in assessing bone density and diagnosing osteopenia and osteoporosis, where a score of -1 to -2.5 is considered osteopenia, and a score below -2.5 is considered osteoporosis. Risk factors are divided into modifiable and non-modifiable, of which diet and physical activity are the most important. Physiotherapy procedures are aimed at increasing bone density and muscle mass, which consequently leads to an improvement in balance and a reduction in the chance of falls, which represent the greatest danger
REFUSAL OF ENTRY TO CITIZENS OF THIRD COUNTRIES INTO THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA
No full textSvaka država ima svoju državnu granicu za koju možemo reći da je prostor gdje se filtriraju osobe koje žele ući u određenu državu, koje su uglavnom strani državljani, pa tako i Republika Hrvatska. Bliže rečeno, dolaskom na državnu granicu provjeravaju se sve potrebite informacije osobe koja želi ući u državu kako bi se prvenstveno očuvala sigurnost države u koju ulaze strani državljani. Osim toga, vrše se i provjere putnih isprava kao i svega potrebitog za zakonit ulazak u državu. Razlozi zbog kojih netko prelazi državnu granicu i ulazi u neku državu mogu biti različite prirode, od posjeta rodbini i obitelji, od tranzita do cilja da se u toj državi zaposli i nastani. Koji god bio razlog ulaska u Republiku Hrvatsku, osoba koja želi ući u Republiku Hrvatsku mora poštivati propisane zakonske akte za ulazak u Republiku Hrvatsku. Nije garancija da će svatko tko namjerava ući u Republiku Hrvatsku to i ostvariti, iz niza razloga pojedinim osobama ulazak u Republiku Hrvatsku može biti odbijen.Each country has its own state border, which we can say is the area where people who will enter a certain country, who are mostly foreign citzens, are filtered, including the Republic of Croatia. In short, upon arrival at the state border, all necessary information of the person who wants to enter the country is cheked in order primarily to preserve the security of the country into whicj foreign nationals enter. In addition, cheks of travel documents and everything necessary for legal entry into the country are carried out. The reasons why someone crosses the state border and enters a country can be of different nature, from visiting relatives and family, from transit to the goal of getting a job and settling in that country. Whatever the reason for entering the Republic of Croatia, a person who wants to enter the Republic of Croatia must comply with the prescribed legal acts for entering the Republic of Croatia. It is not a guarantee that everyone who intends to enter the Republic of Croatia will do so, for a number of reasons individual persons may be refused entry to the Republic of Croatia
DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF FLEXIBILITY IN TOP ATHLETES
No full textOvaj rad se bavi razvojem i održavanjem fleksibilnosti kod vrhunskih sportaša, s naglaskom na njezinu važnost u postizanju optimalnih sportskih rezultata i prevenciji ozljeda. Fleksibilnost, kao ključna komponenta tjelesne spremnosti, obuhvaća sposobnost zglobova i mišića da se kreću kroz puni opseg pokreta. U radu su analizirani anatomski i fiziološki temelji fleksibilnosti, faktori koji utječu na njezinu razinu, te razlike u fleksibilnosti među različitim sportovima. Posebna pažnja posvećena je metodama za razvoj fleksibilnosti, uključujući statičku, dinamičku i PNF metodu istezanja. U radu su također opisani testovi za procjenu fleksibilnosti, koji omogućuju praćenje napretka sportaša i prilagodbu treninga. Također je prikazan primjer iz prakse na temelju razvoja i održavanja fleksibilnosti Novaka Đokovića. Zaključak rada naglašava važnost fleksibilnosti u svakodnevnom treningu vrhunskih sportaša i potrebu za individualiziranim pristupom u njezinom razvoju.This paper deals with the development and maintenance of flexibility in top athletes, with an emphasis on its importance in achieving optimal sports results and injury prevention. Flexibility, as a key component of physical fitness, encompasses the ability of joints and muscles to move through a full range of motion. The paper analyzed the anatomical and physiological foundations of flexibility, the factors that influence its level, and the differences in flexibility among different sports. Special attention is paid to methods for developing flexibility, including static, dynamic and the PNF method stretching. The paper also describes tests for assessing flexibility, which allow monitoring the athlete's progress and adjusting training. An example from practice based on the development and maintenance of Novak Đoković's flexibility is also presented. The conclusion of the paper emphasizes the importance of flexibility in the daily training of top athletes and the need for an individualized approach in its development
HABITUATION VESTIBULAR EXCERCISES
No full textArtroskopska rekonstrukcija tetive supraspinatusa predstavlja naprednu kiruršku intervenciju za liječenje ozljeda rotatorne manžete ramenog zgloba. Ova operacija je često neophodna za obnavljanje funkcionalnosti ramena kod pacijenata s ozbiljnim rupturama tetive supraspinatusa. Ključni aspekti rehabilitacije nakon operacije uključuju nekoliko faza: akutnu fazu, fazu ponovnog uspostavljanja pokretljivosti te fazu jačanja mišića i povratka punoj funkcionalnosti. U akutnoj fazi rehabilitacije fokus je na smanjenju boli i otekline, uz primjenu tehnika poput krioterapije i nježnih pasivnih vježbi. Sljedeća faza, ponovnog uspostavljanja pokretljivosti, uključuje progresivno povećanje opsega pokreta i uključivanje vježbi mobilnosti, poput pasivnih i aktivnih rastezanja. Faza jačanja mišića odnosi se na rehabilitaciju snage i stabilizaciju ramena kroz specifične vježbe snage i funkcionalne aktivnosti. Osim fizioterapijskih intervencija, pravilno praćenje napretka i evaluacija učinkovitosti rehabilitacije su ključni za prilagodbu terapijskog plana, s posebnim naglaskom na procjenu opsega pokreta, jačine mišića i funkcionalnog kapaciteta. Faktori poput dobi pacijenta, ozbiljnosti ozljede, prisutnosti drugih medicinskih stanja, i motivacije, igraju značajnu ulogu u uspjehu rehabilitacije. Dugoročni uspjeh rehabilitacije ovisi o integriranom pristupu koji uzima u obzir sve aspekte liječenja i individualne potrebe pacijenta. U budućnosti, važno je nastaviti s istraživanjima kako bi se unaprijedili pristupi rehabilitaciji i poboljšali rezultati liječenja. Optimizacija rehabilitacijskih strategija i individualizirani pristupi mogu značajno poboljšati oporavak i kvalitetu života pacijenata. Novi pristupi i tehnologije u fizioterapiji mogu dodatno poboljšati rezultate rehabilitacije i smanjiti vrijeme oporavka.Arthroscopic reconstruction of the supraspinatus tendon represents an advanced surgical intervention for treating rotator cuff injuries. This procedure is often necessary to restore shoulder functionality in patients with significant supraspinatus tendon tears. Key aspects of post-surgery rehabilitation include several phases: the acute phase, the phase of regaining mobility, and the phase of muscle strengthening and return to full functionality. In the acute phase of rehabilitation, the focus is on reducing pain and swelling, using techniques such as cryotherapy and gentle passive exercises. The next phase, regaining mobility, involves progressively increasing the range of motion and incorporating mobility exercises, such as passive and active stretching. The muscle strengthening phase concentrates on rehabilitating strength and stabilizing the shoulder through specific strength exercises and functional activities. In addition to physical therapy interventions, proper monitoring of progress and evaluation of rehabilitation effectiveness are crucial for adjusting the therapeutic plan, with special emphasis on assessing the range of motion, muscle strength, and functional capacity. Factors such as patient age, injury severity, presence of other medical conditions, and motivation play a significant role in the success of rehabilitation. Long-term success depends on an integrated approach that considers all aspects of treatment and the individual needs of the patient. In the future, it is important to continue research to improve rehabilitation approaches and enhance treatment outcomes. Optimizing rehabilitation strategies and personalized approaches can significantly improve recovery and quality of life for patients. New approaches and technologies in physical therapy may further enhance rehabilitation results and reduce recovery time