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Freedom off expression and hate speech as its conesquence
No full textOvaj diplomski rad analizira slobodu izražavanja misli kao temeljno pravo u odnosu na govor mržnje. U početnom dijelu rada prikazana je sloboda izražavanja misli kao temeljno pravo i navedeni su međunarodni dokumenti kojima je sloboda izražavanja zajamčena. Analizirana je i sloboda izražavanja u hrvatskom zakonodavstvu. Kako je tema rada sloboda izražavanja misli u odnosu na govor mržnje, u trećem poglavlju govorimo o granicama tolerancije te u četvrtom poglavlju analiziramo pojam govora mržnje kroz međunarodne dokumente, hrvatsko zakonodavstvo i praksu. U petom poglavlju analizirana je praksa Europskog suda za ljudska prava.This thesis analyzes freedom of expression as a fundamental right in relation to hate speech. The introductory part presents freedom of expression as a fundamental human right and outlines the international legal instruments that guarantee this freedom. Freedom of expression within Croatian legislation is also examined.
Given that the topic of the thesis is freedom of expression in the context of hate speech, the third chapter addresses the boundaries of tolerance, while the fourth chapter explores the concept of hate speech through international documents, Croatian legislation, and legal practice. The fifth chapter provides an analysis of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights
Jezik u migraciji: Odnos između jezičnih stavova i očuvanja hrvatskog jezika u Norveškoj
No full textIstraživanje analizira čimbenike koji utječu na očuvanje i prenošenje materinjeg jezika u migraciji. Fokus istraživanja su hrvatske iseljeničke obitelji u Norveškoj, a rezultati su interpretirani kroz sociolingvistički okvir koji ističe jezične stavove, obiteljsku jezičnu politiku te određene aspekte etnolingvističke vitalnosti. Odgovori sudionika ukazali su na snažnu međusobnu povezanost ovih sociolingvističkih elemenata, pri čemu se posebno istaknula uloga obiteljske jezične politike kao važnog čimbenika koji povezuje i objašnjava ove pojave. Istraživanje naglašava važnost sociolingvističkih čimbenika u oblikovanju budućnosti materinjeg jezika te ističe potrebu za dodatnim istraživanjima kako bi se dobila dublja i potpunija slika analiziranih pojava.This article investigates the factors influencing the preservation and transmission of the mother tongue in migrant contexts. The study focuses on Croatian migrant families in Norway, with the findings analysed through a sociolinguistic framework that emphasizes language attitudes, family language policy, and both objective and subjective ethnolinguistic vitality. The participant's responses revealed the interconnectedness of these sociolinguistic phenomena, while also underscoring the pivotal role of family language policies as a unifying and interpretive force within this configuration. The research highlights the critical importance of sociolinguistic factors in shaping the future of minority languages and underscores the necessity for further studies to achieve a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the presented findings.Denna studie undersöker de faktorer som påverkar bevarandet och överföringen av modersmålet i ett emigrationskontext. Undersökningen genomfördes bland kroatiska emigrantfamiljer i Norge, och resultaten analyserades ur ett sociolingvistiskt perspektiv, med särskilt fokus på språkattityder, familjespråkpolicy samt objektiv och subjektiv etnolingvistisk vitalitet.
Analysen av deltagarnas svar visade att de sociolingvistiska variablerna är ömsesidigt beroende av varandra. Samtidigt framkom att familjespråkpolicyn har en särskilt central funktion i detta samspel, då den verkar som en sammanhållande kraft som strukturerar och ger mening åt övriga komponenter.
Studien understryker den avgörande betydelsen av sociolingvistiska faktorer för minoritetsspråkets framtid och belyser behovet av fortsatt forskning för att kunna erhålla en mer heltäckande och nyanserad förståelse av de mönster som identifierats i denna undersökning
Multiscale and Uncertainty-aware Targetless Hand-Eye Calibration via the Gauss-Helmert Model
No full textThe operational reliability of an autonomous robot depends crucially on extrinsic sensor calibration as a prerequisite for precise and accurate data fusion. Exploring the calibration of unscaled sensors (e.g., monocular cameras) and the effective utilization of uncertainties are difficult and often overlooked. The development of a solution for the simultaneous calibration of hand-eye sensors and scale estimation based on the Gauss-Helmert model aims to utilize the valuable information contained in the uncertainty of odometry. In this work, we propose a versatile and robust solution for batch calibration based on the analytical on-manifold approach for estimation. The versatility of our method is demonstrated by its ability to calibrate multiple unscaled and metric-scaled sensors while dealing with odometry failures and reinitializations. Importantly, all estimated parameters are provided with their corresponding uncertainties. The validation of our method and its comparison with five competing state-of-the-art calibration methods in both simulations and real-world experiments show its superior accuracy, with particularly promising results observed in high-noise scenarios
Considerations for Conservative, All-Ceramic Prosthodontic Single-Tooth Replacements in the Anterior Region: A Systematic Review
No full textBackground/Objectives: Conservative options for single-tooth replacements in the anterior region include all-ceramic one-retainer resin-bonded fixed dental prostheses (RBFDPs) and three-unit fixed partial dentures (FPDs). Methods: This systematic review assessed their clinical outcomes. Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, an electronic search of MEDLINE/PubMed was conducted from November 1991 to March 2025 for randomized clinical trials (RCTs), prospective cohort studies (PCSs), and retrospective cohort studies (RCSs). Keywords included dental prosthesis, fixed prosthesis, resin-bonded prosthesis, single-tooth replacement, anterior teeth, all-ceramic, lithium disilicate, monolithic, zirconia, survival rate, and success rate. Failures and complications were analyzed to determine long-term outcomes. Results: The search identified 990 articles, and the full-text review of 54 articles was performed, resulting in 23 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. This review revealed that one-retainer RBFDPs and three-unit FPDs in the anterior region demonstrated high survival and success rates. However, debonding was a common complication in RBFDPs, while framework design issues were noted in FPDs. Conclusions: These outcomes highlight the reliability of both approaches as conservative, all-ceramic, prosthodontic interventions for anterior single-tooth replacements. The consideration of one-retainer RBFDPs and three-unit FPDs is advisable due to their favorable clinical performance and minimal invasiveness
Student employment
No full textOvaj rad analizira fenomen studentskog rada, s naglaskom na zakonodavni okvir, izazove te statističke pokazatelje u Hrvatskoj i zemljama Europske unije. Cilj rada je pružiti pregled postojećih zakonskih rješenja, uvjeta pod kojima studenti rade te povezanosti studentskog rada s obrazovnim i profesionalnim razvojem mladih. Kroz prikaz nacionalnih i europskih podataka, rad ukazuje na porast broja studenata koji rade tijekom studija, ali i na niz izazova s kojima se suočavaju – od nesigurnosti radnog odnosa do utjecaja na akademski uspjeh. Usporedba s praksama u državama članicama EU omogućava bolje razumijevanje konteksta u kojem se nalazi Hrvatska te potiče na promišljanje o mogućnostima unapređenja postojećih politika. Rad uz studij može biti vrijedan oblik praktičnog učenja i financijske neovisnosti, ali zahtijeva odgovarajuću institucionalnu podršku i regulaciju kako bi se osigurala dobrobit studenata i održala kvaliteta visokoškolskog obrazovanja.This paper analyzes the phenomenon of student employment, focusing on the legal framework, challenges, and statistical indicators in Croatia and European Union countries. The aim is to provide an overview of existing regulations, the conditions under which students work, and the impact of student employment on the educational and professional development of young people. By presenting both national and European data, the paper highlights the increasing number of students working during their studies, while also addressing a range of challenges they face—from job insecurity to the influence on academic performance. The comparison with practices in EU member states provides a broader perspective on Croatia’s position and encourages reflection on potential policy improvements. In conclusion, student employment can be a valuable form of practical learning and financial independence, but it requires appropriate institutional support and regulation to ensure student well-being and maintain the quality of higher education
Modeling and design aspects of shallow geothermal energy piles—a case study on large commercial building complex in Zagreb, Croatia
No full textWith ambitious targets set by the EU for the reduction of emissions from the energy sector by 2030, there is a need to design and develop more building projects using renewable energy sources. Even though in Europe, heating and cooling share from renewable resources is increasing, and in 2021, the total share in this sector in Croatia was at 38%, the share of heat production by heat pumps is rather low. One possibility to increase this share is to install energy piles when constructing a building, which is becoming an increasingly common practice. This case study focuses on such a system designed for a large, non-residential building in Zagreb, Croatia. The complex was designed as 13 separate dilatations, with central heating and cooling of all facilities, covered by 260 energy piles (130 pairs in serial connection), with a length of the polyethylene pipe of 20 m in a double loop inserted within the pile. The thermo-technical system was designed as a bivalent parallel system, with natural gas covering peak heating loads and a dry cooler covering cooling peak loads when the loads cannot be covered only by ground-source heat pumps. In the parallel bivalent system, the geothermal source will work with a much higher number of working hours at full load than is the case for geothermal systems that are dimensioned to peak consumption. Therefore, the thermal response test was conducted on two energy piles, connected in series, to obtain thermogeological parameters and determine the heat extraction and rejection rates. The established steady-state heat rate defines the long-term ability to extract heat energy during constant thermal load, with the inlet water temperature from the pile completely stabilized, i.e., no significant further sub-cooling is achieved in the function of the geothermal field operation time. Considering the heating and cooling loads of the building, modeling of the system was performed in such a manner that it utilized renewable energy as much as possible by finding a bivalent point where the geothermal system works efficiently. It was concluded that the optimal use of the geothermal field covers total heating needs and 70% for cooling, with dry coolers covering the remaining 30%. Additionally, based on the measured thermogeological parameters, simulations of the thermal response test were conducted to determine heat extraction and rejection rates for energy piles with various geometrical parameters of the heat exchanger pipe and fluid flow variations
Pedagogy students’ motivation for enrollment, preferences, and future perspectives
No full textU radu su prikazani razlozi odabira studija pedagogije, profesionalne preferencije studenata pedagogije te njihova percepcija budućih karijernih mogućnosti. U teorijskom dijelu rada analizirana je uloga pedagoga u suvremenom obrazovnom sustavu, s posebnim naglaskom na motivaciju studenata za odabir ove profesije. Metodologija istraživanja temelji se na kvantitativnom pristupu, pri čemu su podaci prikupljeni putem online anketnog upitnika. Uzorak je činilo 130 studenata pedagogije s različitih sveučilišta u Hrvatskoj. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da je osobna želja jedan od ključnih faktora pri odabiru studija pedagogije te je za većinu ispitanika intrinzična motivacija glavni razlog upisa studija. Analiza je također pokazala da studenti kojima je studij pedagogije bio prvi izbor iskazuju višu motivaciju tijekom studija u odnosu na one kojima to nije bio prvi izbor, no ta razlika se nije pokazala statistički značajnom. Sudjelovanje u izvannastavnim aktivnostima i rad tijekom studija pozitivno su korelirali s formiranjem jasnije profesionalne vizije, što ukazuje na značaj ovih iskustava u formiranju vizije budućeg profesionalnog rada. Rezultati su potvrdili da studenti pedagogije preferiraju rad u odgojno-obrazovnim ustanovama u odnosu na neka alternativna područja.The study examines students’ reasons for enrolling in pedagogy study programs, their professional preferences, and perceptions of future career opportunities. The theoretical section of the paper analyses the role of pedagogues in the contemporary educational system, with a particular emphasis on students’ motivation for opting for this profession. The methodology used is based on a quantitative approach, and the data was collected by conducting an online questionnaire for survey research. The sample consisted of 130 pedagogy students from various universities in Croatia. The research findings indicate that personal aspiration is one of the key factors in choosing to study pedagogy, with intrinsic motivation being the primary reason for enrolment for most respondents. The analysis also revealed that students who chose pedagogy as their first choice exhibit higher motivation during their studies compared to those for whom it was not the initial preference. However, this difference was not found to be statistically significant. Participation in extracurricular activities and engagement in work during one’s studies positively correlated with the students developing a clearer professional vision, which highlights the importance of these experiences in shaping students’ perspectives on their future professional roles. The results further confirmed that pedagogy students prefer employment in educational institutions over alternative professional fields
Ethical issues and user perception in interaction with an emotional agent
No full textTemeljna zadaća ovog rada je prikazati i upoznati populaciju s razvojem umjetne inteligencije
kroz različite primjere. Isto tako jedan od ciljeva je pronaći neki zaključak oko ljudskog stajališta
i pogleda na ovu vrstu tehnologije. Rad bi trebao pomoći i znanstvenicima u sigurnom razvoju
umjetne inteligencije kroz zadavanje bitnih etičkih pitanja, kao i rezultatima provedene ankete.
Jedan od važnijih ciljeva je približit tehnologiju široj populaciji kako bi se osjećali sigurnije i lakše
prihvatili novi val tehnologije koji se sve više približava i razvija u našoj svakodnevici. U sklopu
rada provedena je anketa gdje su ljudi stupili u interakciju s PLEA robotom. Ovo ispitivanje je od
velikog značaja jer preslikava emocije ispitanika na odgovore u anketi što daje neku sliku trenutne
stvarnosti u odnosu ljudi i umjetne inteligencije. Isto tako provedena je i anketa prije same
interakcije s PLEA-om kako bi se mogli usporediti rezultati i utvrditi ako su se pogledi ispitanika
vezano uz umjetnu inteligenciju promijeniliThe main task of this paper is to present and familiarize the population with the development
of artificial intelligence through various examples. One of the goals is also to find some conclusion
about the human point of view and view on this type of technology. The paper should also help
scientists in the safe development of artificial intelligence by asking important ethical questions,
as well as the results of the survey. One of the more important goals is to bring technology closer
to the wider population so that they feel safer and more easily accept the new wave of technology
that is increasingly approaching and developing in our everyday lives. As part of the paper, a
survey was conducted where people interacted with the PLEA robot. This survey is of great
importance because it maps the emotions of the respondents to the answers in the survey, which
gives a picture of the current reality in the relationship between people and artificial intelligence.
A survey was also conducted before the interaction with PLEA itself in order to compare the results
and determine if the respondents' views regarding artificial intelligence have changed
Convolutional neural networks
No full textOvaj se diplomski rad bavi razradom neuronskih mreža, te specifično konvolucijskih neuronskih mreža. U prvom je dijelu objašnjeno zašto baš neuronske mreže, sama struktura mreže te bitne značajke poput aktivacijske funkcije, funkcije gubitka, metrike te optimizatora. Ukratko su navedeni glavni tipovi mreža. U drugom dijelu su obrađene konvolucijske neuronske mreže koje se koriste u svrhu učenja na slikama. Objašnjeni su tipovi skrivenih slojeva koji se najčešće javljaju u konvolucijskim neuronskim mrežama te njihove značajnosti. U trećem su dijelu navedeni primjeri problema klasifikacije i regresije koristeći KNN. Koristi se skup podataka MNIST koji se sastoji od ručno napisanih brojeva. Taj se skup podataka često koristi dok je u pitanju učenje na slikama jer slike imaju oznake što nije česta okolnost. Kod klasifikacije je cilj napraviti mrežu koja će na dobar način klasificirati nove podatke na kojima nije trenirala te na sličan način kod regresije dobro predvidjeti numeričku vrijednost prikazanu na slikama.This thesis deals with the development of neural networks, and specifically convolutional neural networks. In the first part, it was explained why exactly neural networks, the very structure of the network and essential features such as activation function, loss function, metrics and optimizer. The main types of networks are briefly listed. The second part deals with convolutional neural networks used for learning from images. The types of hidden layers that most often occur in convolutional neural networks and their importance are explained. The third part provides examples of classification and regression problems using KNN. The dataset MNIST is used, which consists of handwritten numbers. This dataset is often used when learning from images because images have labels, which is not a common circumstance. In classification, the goal is to create a network that will properly classify new data on which it has not been trained, and similarly in regression, it will predict the numerical value shown in the images well
DIFFERENCES IN HIGH-INTENSITY RUNNING AMONG WINNING TEAMS IN THE 2022. WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP FINALS YEARS
No full textVisoko intenzivno trčanje u posljednjih 15 godina veoma je dobilo na važnosti u svijetu nogometa u smislu interpretacije, modalnih vrijednosti te strategijama treniranja istog. Baš iz tog razloga ovo se istraživanje bavi povezanošću visoko intenzivnog trčanja i uspjeha na utakmici. Istraživanje je provede no na 16 reprezentacija u 15 utakmica završnice Svjetskoga nogometnog prvenstva 2022. godine, a analiziralo se kako visoko intenzivno trčanje (20 25 km/h) utječe na uspješnost (rezultat) utakmice. T testom za nezavisne uzorke ( p=0,543347 došlo se do rezultata koji govori da nema statistički značajne razlike između visoko intenzivnog trčanja (20 25 km/h) kod pobjedničkih ekipa i uspješnosti.High intensity running for the last 15 years has acquired importance in the world of soccer in the sense of interpretation, modality values and the strategy of training. For that reason this research is gathering insight of correlation between high intensi ty running and and match success. The research has been conducted on 16 national teams in 15 final matches of World Cup in 2022. by analyzing the way intensive running (20 25km/h) affects match outcome. Independent samples t test ( p=0,543347 showed th at there are no significant statistical difference between high intensity running (20 25km/h) in winning teams and match outcomes