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Irrigation of basil and beans with RO retentate
No full textOtpadne vode iz tekstilne industrije predstavljaju veliku opasnost za okoliš te su u pravilu zagađene širokim spektrom tvari čije uklanjanje nije jednostavno. Cilj ovog rada bio je simulirati postrojenje za obradu tekstilnih otpadnih voda (TOV) koristeći hibridni ultrafiltracijsko (UF) – reverzno osmotski (RO) proces, ali s naglaskom na zatvaranje vodenog kruga, odnosno da se sve struje iz membranskog procesa oporabe ili koriste za određene svrhe. Realni uzorci TOV-a prvo su podvrgnuti ultrafiltraciji te je skupljan permeat. Taj permeat je potom obrađivan reverznom osmozom te je retentat korišten za navodnjavanje biljaka bosiljka i graha. Rezultati pokazuju da je UF, kao prva membranska operacija, uspješno smanjila vrijednosti mutnoće, kemijske potrošnje kisika te spektralnog apsorpcijskog koeficijenta. S druge strane, RO je neophodna membranska operacija ukoliko se želi značajno smanjiti vrijednost električne vodljivosti te koncentracija raznih iona u obrađivanim vodama. Analiziranjem voda, biljnog materijala i tla, zaključuje se da su RO retentati te RO retentati razrijeđeni s vodovodnom vodom u omjeru 50:50 sigurni za razvoj biljaka u pogledu koncentracija klorida, nitrata, amonijevih kationa, sulfata, željeza i mangana te pH vrijednosti. U biljkama navodnjavanim TOV-om uočene su veće koncentracije dušika, fosfora i kalija u odnosu na iste biljke navodnjavane vodovodnom vodom, no primjenom razrijeđenih RO retentata u biljkama je utvrđena slična koncentracija navedenih tvari kao u biljkama navodnjavanih vodovodnom vodom. U tlu navodnjavanom TOV-om uočene su značajno veće koncentracije sumpora i fosfora u odnosu na tlo navodnjavano vodovodnom vodom. Primjenom razrijeđenih i nerazrijeđenih RO retentata vrijednosti koncentracija navedenih elemenata niže su nego kod uzorka tla navodnjavanog TOV-om.Textile wastewater (TWW) poses a major threat to the environment and is usually contaminated with a variety of substances that are difficult to remove. The aim of this work was to simulate a textile wastewater treatment plant using a hybrid ultrafiltration (UF) – reverse osmosis (RO) process, with the primary objective of closing the water cycle so that all process streams from the membrane process can be reused or utilised for other purposes. Real samples of TWW were first treated with the UF process and the UF permeate was collected. This permeate was then treated with the RO and the RO retentate was collected as it was used as irrigation water for basil and beans. The results show that UF was the first membrane operation to successfully reduce the values for turbidity, chemical oxygen demand, and spectral apsorption coefficient. On the other hand, RO is the necessary membrane operation when it comes to significantly reducing the values of electrical conductivity and the concentration of various ions in the treated water. Analysis of the water, plant material and soil showed that all RO retentates and all RO retentates diluted 50:50 with tap water were harmless to plant development in terms of chloride, nitrate, ammonia, sulphate, iron, and manganese concentrations and pH. Plants irrigated with TWW were found to have higher concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium than plants irrigated with tap water, but when diluted RO retentates were used, these plants had similar concentrations of these substances to the plants irrigated with tap water. In the soil irrigated with TWW, sulphur and phosphorus concentrations were found to be much higher than in the soil irrigated with tap water. When using diluted and undiluted RO retentates, the concentration values of the mentioned elements were lower compared to the soil samples irrigated with TWW
Omnichannel strategy application in the perfumery business
No full textTema ovog diplomskog rada je primjena omnikanalnog poslovanja na primjeru parfumerija, s
naglaskom na razvoj elektroničke trgovine i njen značaj za suvremeno poslovanje u industriji
ljepote. Elektronička trgovina, koja se ubrzano razvija posljednjih nekoliko desetljeća,
omogućila je trgovcima da prošire svoje poslovanje izvan klasičnih fizičkih trgovina te
uspostave prisutnost na digitalnim platformama. Ovaj razvoj je posebno važan za sektor
luksuznih proizvoda, konkretno parfumerija, gdje je potreba za povezivanjem online i offline
kanala postala ključna za održavanje konkurentske prednosti. Omnikanalno poslovanje, koje
integrira različite prodajne kanale – fizičke trgovine, online trgovinu, mobilne aplikacije i
društvene mreže – omogućuje parfumerijama da svojim kupcima pruže dosljedno i prilagođeno
iskustvo. Kupci danas očekuju fleksibilnost u načinu kupnje, bilo da žele isprobati proizvode u
trgovini, naručiti online. Ovaj model poslovanja omogućuje jednostavnije praćenje potreba
kupaca, bolju prilagodbu ponude i povećanje lojalnosti potrošača. Shodno tome, digitalna
tehnologija unutar omnikanalnog sustava omogućuje parfumerijama bolju analizu podataka o
navikama svojih kupaca, što rezultira kvalitetnijom promocijom i prilagođenim preporukama
proizvoda. Ovaj diplomski rad istražuje specifičnosti primjene omnikanalne strategije na
primjeru Fabuspot parfumerija, naglašavajući prednosti koje ovaj poslovni model donosi u
smislu povećanja prodaje, optimizacije poslovanja i zadovoljavanja sve zahtjevnijih potreba
modernih potrošača.The topic of this thesis is the application of omnichannel business in the example of
perfumeries, with a focus on the development of e-commerce and its importance for a modern
business in the beauty industry. E-commerce, which has rapidly evolved over the past few
decades, has enabled retailers to expand their business beyond traditional brick-and-mortar
stores and establish a presence on digital platforms. This development is particularly significant
for the luxury goods sector, specifically perfumeries, where the need to connect online and
offline channels has become crucial for maintaining a competitive advantage. Omnichannel
business, which integrates various sales channels – physical stores, online shopping, mobile
apps, and social media – allows perfumeries to provide their customers with a consistent and
tailored experience. Today, customers expect flexibility in how they shop, whether they want
to try products in-store or order online. This business model simplifies the tracking of customer
needs, improves product offerings, and enhances consumer loyalty. Additionally, digital
technology within the omnichannel system enables perfumeries to better analyze data on
customer habits, resulting in more effective promotions and personalized product
recommendations. This thesis explores the specifics of applying omnichannel strategies in the
case of Fabuspot perfumeries, highlighting the advantages this business model brings in terms
of increased sales, business optimization, and meeting the ever-growing needs of modern
consumers
Quantum memory in warm rubidium atomic vapor
No full textRazvoj kvantnih tehnologija−osobito kvantne komunikacije, računala i senzora ukazao je na potrebu za kontroliranim pohranjivanjem kvantne informacije radi distribucije isprepletenih stanja i sinkronizacije kvantnih mreža. To je potaknulo razvoj optičkih kvantnih memorija koje omogućuju pohranu kvantnih stanja svjetlosti i njihovo otpuštanje na zahtjev. Cilj ovog diplomskog rada je razvoj, karakterizacija i optimizacija ključnih komponenti za realizaciju kvantne memorije u toplim parama atoma rubidija, temeljene na efektu elektromagnetski inducirane transparencije (EIT). Rad započinje osvrtom u kojem se pomoću optičkih Blochovih jednadžbi opisuje kako pojava elektromagnetski inducirane transparencije omogućuje pohranjivanje informacije u atomski medij te se identificiraju parametri ključni za rad i
optimizaciju performansi kvantne memorije. U prvom dijelu eksperimentalnog rada, korištenjem klasične svjetlosti određeni su optimalni uvjeti za rad optičke memorije s obzirom na vrijeme i učinkovitost pohrane svjetlosti. Utvrđeno je da se najviša efikasnost pohrane fotona postiže u nerezonantnoj EIT shemi, koja je stoga i detaljno istražena. U završnom dijelu diplomskog rada osmišljena je i dizajnirana nadogradnja postojećeg eksperimentalnog postava s ciljem prelaska na kvantne memorije, a testirane su i osnovne komponente sustava nužne za rad s pojedinačnim fotonima.The development of quantum technologies, particularly quantum communication, computing, and sensing has highlighted the need for controlled storage of quantum information for the distribution of entangled states and synchronization of quantum networks. This has driven the development of optical quantum memories, which enable the storage of quantum states of light and their on-demand retrieval. The aim of this thesis is the development, characterization, and optimization of key components for the implementation of a quantum memory in warm rubidium vapor, based on the effect of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The work begins with a theoretical overview using the optical Bloch equations to describe how the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency enables the storage of information in an atomic medium, and it identifies the parameters critical for the operation and optimization of the quantum memory. In the first part of the experimental thesis, optimal conditions for the operation of the optical memory were determined with respect to the storage time and efficiency using classical light. It was found that the highest photon storage efficiency is achieved in an off-resonant EIT scheme, which was therefore investigated in detail. In the final part of the thesis, an upgrade to the existing experimental setup was designed and implemented with the goal of transitioning to quantum memory operation. Basic components necessary for working with single photons were also tested
Ograničavanje nuklearne energije simetrije koristeći kulonsko pobuđenje izotopa kositra bogatih neutronima pri relativističkim energijama
No full textRelativistic Coulomb excitation of neutron-rich nuclei can be utilized to study the symmetry energy - a crucial yet still fairly enigmatic ingredient of the nuclear equation of state. Projectile nuclei are accelerated to relativistic velocities in inverse kinematics towards the Coulomb field of a high-Z target. Collective Coulomb excitations arise in projectile nuclei, whereby neutron and proton densities are displaced with respect to each other. An isospin imbalance forms in the system, which makes a suitable environment to probe the slope of the symmetry energy L, i.e., the linear coefficient in the expansion of the symmetry energy around the saturation density. An experiment aiming to constrain the parameter L was carried out using the large acceptance spectrometer R⌃3B-GLAD at the GSI accelerator facility, as a part of the FAIR Phase-0 campaign. Tin isotopes in the mass range A = 124 − 134 were produced as a secondary beam via fragmentation and fission reactions at energies close to 1 GeV/u and impinged onto the lead target to induce Coulomb excitations. After the deexcitation process, during which neutrons and γ-rays are emitted, the outgoing particles – including the residual fragment – were detected using the R⌃3B setup. This allowed for the measurement of the Coulomb-excitation cross section σ_C above the one-neutron separation threshold. In this work, an approach to constrain the slope of the symmetry energy, first suggested by A. Horvat and collaborators at GSI, was studied. Namely, σ_C of neutron-rich nuclei at relativistic energies correlates with the dipole polarizability α_D, owing to their similar functional dependence on excitation energy. Through the established correlation between α_D and L, measurement of the said cross section enables placing constraints on the slope of the symmetry energy via comparison with theoretical calculations. Coulomb-excitation cross sections were determined for the tin isotopes 124⌃Sn, 130⌃Sn and 132⌃Sn. The dipole response, characterized by the transition strengths B(E1) and B(E2), was computed using the Quasiparticle Random Phase Approximation with a variety of energy density functionals. Based on these inputs, Coulomb-excitation cross sections were subsequently evaluated using both first-order perturbation theory and the coupled-channel approach. A comparison between theoretical predictions and experimental measurements revealed a systematic discrepancy, with the theoretical calculations consistently overestimating the observed cross sections. Potential sources of this discrepancy are discussed in detail. It is concluded that resolving this inconsistency is necessary to give a reliable constraint on L. This will require close and continued collaboration between theoretical and experimental efforts.Relativisticko kulonsko pobuđenje jezgara bogatih neutronima može se koristiti u svrhu proučavanja energije simetrije – ključne, ali još uvijek nedovoljno poznate komponente nuklearne jednadžbe stanja. Takvi eksperimentalni uvjeti zahtijevaju korištenje inverzne kinematike. Nestabilne jezgre akceleriraju se do relativističkih brzina kao projektili i sudaraju s metom velikog atomskog broja Z. Dolazi do kulonskog pobuđenja projektila prilikom kojeg se u dotičnoj jezgri razdvajaju protonska i neutronska gustoća. Drugim riječima, u sustavu nastaje izospinska neravnoteža, što predstavlja pogodno okruženje za ispitivanje nagiba energije simetrije L, odnosno linearnog koeficijenta u Taylorovom razvoju energije simetrije oko gustoće saturacije. U svrhu proučavanja nuklearne jednadžbe stanja, proveden je eksperiment koristeći postav R⌃3B-GLAD na akceleratorskom postrojenju GSI, u sklopu kampanje FAIR Phase-0. Izotopi kositra u masenom rasponu A = 124 − 134 proizvedeni su kao sekundarni snop putem fragmentacijskih i fisijskih reakcija pri energijama oko 1 GeV/u. Kulonska pobuđenja inducirana su u električnom polju olovne mete, a izlazne čestice detektirane su pomoću postava R⌃3B-GLAD, što je omogućilo mjerenje udarnog presjeka kulonskih pobuđenja iznad energije separacije jednog neutrona. U ovom radu istraživan je pristup ograničavanja nagiba energije simetrije preko korelacije s udarnim presjekom kulonskih pobuđenja σ_C koji su prvi put predložili A. Horvat i kolaboratori na institutu GSI. Naime, σ_C u jezgrama bogatim neutronima pri relativističkim energijama korelira s dipolnom polarizabilnošću α_D , što proizlazi iz njihove slične funkcijske ovisnosti o energiji pobuđenja. Uzevši u obzir dobro poznatu korelaciju između α_D i parametra L, očekivana je korelacija između σ_C i L što omogućuje ograničavanje spomenutog parametra usporedbom mjerenja udarnog presjeka i teorijskih izračuna. Udarni presjeci kulonskih pobuđenja izmjereni su za izotope kositra 124⌃Sn, 130⌃Sn i 132⌃Sn. Dipolni odziv, opisan reduciranim vjerojatnostima prijelaza B(E1) i B(E2), izračunat je koristeći aproksimaciju nasumičnih faza uz primjenu različitih energijskih funkcionala gustoće. Zatim su udarni presjeci kulonskih pobuđenja, koristeći dobivene B(E1,E2) vrijednosti, izračunati pomoću prvog reda računa smetnje te metodom vezanih kanala. Između teorijskih predviđanja i izmjerenih udarnih presjeka za sva tri proučavana izotopa uočeno je značajno odstupanje pri čemu teorijski izračuni sustavno precjenjuju mjerenja. Mogući uzroci tog odstupanja detaljno i su diskutirani. Zaključeno je da, uz ovakvo neslaganje eksperimentalnih mjerenja i teorijskih izračuna, nije moguće pouzdano ograničavanje nagiba energije simetrije. Bliska i kontinuirana suradnja između teorijskih i eksperimentalnih istraživanja neophodna je za pronalaženje uzroka ovom neslaganju
The organization of lithic technology at the site of Campanož in the context of the middle palaeolithic of the Adriatic region
No full textU arheološkim kontekstima litička tehnologija često je informativan izvor o raznim aspektima ljudskog ponašanja. Povezanost litičke tehnologije i sustava korištenja okoliša u vrijeme srednjeg paleolitika dobro je zabilježeni fenomen.
Cilj ovog rada je proučavanje organizacije proizvodnje i ekonomije litičkih artefakata na srednjopaleolitičkom nalazištu Campanož. Nadalje, cilj rada je shvatiti odnos između organizacije proizvodnje i ekonomije te sustava mobilnosti i korištenja okoliša skupina koje su koristile nalazište, u kontekstu poznatog srednjopaleolitičkog ponašanja na Jadrana. Campanož je stratificirano nalazište na otvorenom na prostoru južnog dijela istarskog poluotoka, koje je pronađeno zajedno u kontekstu s prirodnim izvorištem kamene sirovine. U teorijskom smislu analiza se temelji na kombinaciji pristupa lanca operacija, tehnološke organizacije i ljudske bihevioralne ekologije, a iz teorijskih postavki iznesena su očekivanja o odnosu korištenja izvorišta rožnjaka i karakteristika skupa artefakata. Istraživanje je provedeno tehno-tipološkom analizom, koristeći se i rezultatima tafonomske i sirovinske analize.
Rezultati analize pokazuju da su na nalazištu uglavnom korišteni varijeteti sirovine koja potječe sa samog izvorišta. Cijeli postupak proizvodnje, od razokorivanja jezgara do dodatne obradbe oruđa, provođen je na nalazištu. Osim toga, jezgre su odbacivane u različitim stupnjevima redukcije, a razlike u stupnju redukcije mogu se između ostalog povezati i s razlikama u kvaliteti sirovine. Načini proizvodnje odbojaka su raznoliki, a prevladaju diskoidni i centripetalni proizvodni postupci. Rjeđe su zastupljeni dodirujući naizmjenični ortogonalni, jednosmjerni plošni, ortogonalni plošni, višesmjerni višeplošni i volumetrijski postupci. Levaloaški postupak rijetko je zastupljen. Jedan dio artefakata pretvoren je u oruđa, a uglavnom se radi o komadima na lokalnoj sirovini. Osim toga, nekoliko primjeraka svjedoči o donošenju već gotovih artefakata na nalazište. Tafonomski procesi znatno su utjecali na skup, selektivno transportirajući artefakte malih dimenzija, dovodeći do fragmentacije artefakata te ostavljajući brojne površinske modifikacije. Nalazište je posjećivano kroz dugi vremenski period, o čemu svjedoče razlike u površinskim modifikacijama artefakata.
Usporedba s određenim nalazištima s prostora Jadrana pokazuje da su s obzirom na prosječne dimenzije jezgara i nizak stupanj redukcije odbojci i oruđa relativno malih dimenzija. Uz to, poredba s nalazištima na otvorenom iz sjeverne Dalmacije pokazuje da je i udio odbojaka iz rane faze redukcije nešto slabije zastupljen. Ovi podaci sugeriraju da je s nalazišta odnesen dio odbojaka, ponajprije većih primjeraka koji su često bili i okorinski. Osim toga, usporedba s drugim nalazištima koja su smještena na izvorištima sirovine ukazuje na relativno visoki udio oruđa u skupu s Campanoža, što zajedno s korištenjem svrsishodnih proizvodnih postupaka sugerira da je samo izvorište bilo nastanjivano.
Navedeni podaci interpretirani su kao rezultat aktivnosti rezidencijalno vrlo mobilnih skupina neandertalaca, koje su izvorište koristile za opskrbu pokretnim priborima oruđa. Pri tome je nalazište možda korišteno i kao rezidencijalni kamp. Pri posjeti nalazištu osim sirovine iskorištavani su i otpadci ranijih posjeta, što je vidljivo iz recikliranih artefakata. Osim toga, zasad su dostupni samo dokazi za korištenje lokalnog okoliša, u rasponu do 8 km. Iznesen je preliminarni model o mogućim okolišnim uvjetima na prostoru istarske krške zaravni tijekom pleistocena u kojima bi navedeni sustav korištenja okoliša bio moguć. Naposljetku, u radu se u kontekstu geomorfoloških karakteristika istarske krške zaravni stavlja naglasak na buduće perspektive rada na srednjopaleolitičkim nalazištima na otvorenom.In archaeological contexts, lithic technology is often seen an informative source about various aspects of human behaviour. The relationship between lithic technology and land use systems during the Middle Palaeolithic is a well-documented phenomenon.
The aim of this thesis is to study the organization of production and the economy of lithic artifacts at the Middle Palaeolithic site of Campanož. Furthermore, the goal of the paper is to understand the relationship between the organization of production and economy, and the mobility patterns and land use systems of the groups that used the site, framed within the context of the known Middle Palaeolithic behaviour on the Adriatic. Campanož is a stratified open-air site located in the southern part of the Istrian Peninsula, found in association with a natural source of stone raw material. The site was excavated in 2010 and 2011, revealing a rich assemblage of more than 100.000 chert finds, among which artefacts were found. More than 6.000 artefacts were recognized among the finds, and among these a sample of about 1.500 finds was selected for analysis.
The theoretical background of the research was based on an approach combining aspects of chaîne opératoire, technological organization, and human behavioural ecology. Borrowing concepts from these approaches, theoretical assumptions were made about the relationship between the use of the chert source and the characteristics of the resulting artefact assemblage. The research was conducted through techno-typological analysis, while also utilizing results from taphonomic and raw material analyses. More specifically, quantitative-based attribute analysis of the artefacts was combined with a techno-economic analysis, as well as a classification of cores according to a reading of the flaking orientations, their chronological relationships and the roles of different core parts in the reduction process.
The results of the analysis show that the varieties of raw material used at the site mainly came from the source itself. The raw materials are residual, as they were released into the soil by the dissolution of the underlying limestone and subsequently exposed on the surface by erosional processes, thereby becoming available to hominin exploitation. The entire reduction process, from core decortication to the retouching of tools, was conducted on-site. Cortical elements are well represented and show that both whole and fragmented pieces of raw material were used. Raw materials of different shapes were used, and examples of nodules, lenticular nodules, thin platy pieces and fosill sponges. There is a variation among the raw material in terms of silicification, and the better-quality raw materials make up only a minor part of the entire assemblage. The differences in reduction among artefacts can, among other things, be linked to variations in the quality of the raw material.
Cores were discarded at different stages of reduction, which included cores in the strict sense, as well as cores on flakes. The ways of producing flakes were diverse, with discoid and centripetal methods predominating. Less common were secant alternating orthogonal, unidirectional unifacial, orthogonal unifacial, multidirectional multiplatfom, and volumetric methods. The Levallois method is rarely represented. Discoid and centripetal cores display the greatest size ranges, while some core types are only found in small sizes. Additionally, there are differences in the utilized raw material forms among the different production methods. Thus, some of the variation in core reduction may be due to the application of similar methods on different raw material forms. Likewise, some methods may represent the final exploitation phases of other production methods. The application of different methods accounts for a certain degree of variability in flake form.
Some of the artefacts were retouched into tools, and these were also almost entirely made from local raw material. Scrapers predominate, but the proportion of notches and denticulates, Upper Palaeolithic types and retouched flakes are significant. Several tools were made by directly retouching natural pieces. Interestingly, some of the typological variation in the assemblages is accounted for by differences in original flake form. Tools are significantly larger than unretouched flakes in the assemblage. Additionally, several specimens suggest that finished artefacts were brought to the site.
Taphonomic processes significantly impacted the assemblage. Data on patination, frost damage. abrasion and edge damage suggest that artefacts were exposed on the surface for a long period. Furthermore, differences in the frequency of these surface alterations suggests that different parts of the assemblage experienced different amount of exposure to taphonomic processes. Thermal damage and trampling are responsible for fragmenting a significant proportion of artefacts. A small percentage of artefacts were exposed to fire, but there is no clear indication whether that was due to natural fires or from hominin activity. Particle-size analysis suggests that small-sized artefacts, i.e. those smaller than 15 mm have been selectively transported from the analysed area. Therefore, erosional processes, primarily overland flow, acting on a slightly inclined slope, resulted in the modification of the assemblage by systematically removing smaller artefacts downslope from the studied area.
A comparison with certain sites in the Adriatic region shows that, considering the average dimensions of the cores and the low degree of reduction, the flakes and tools from Campanož are relatively small in size. Furthermore, comparison with open-air sites from northern Dalmatia, some of which are associated with raw material sources, indicates that the flakes from the early reduction phases are somewhat underrepresented. These data suggest that some flakes, particularly larger specimens, were likely removed from the site, and these were often cortical. The practice of transporting flakes from the site corresponds to the strategy of provisioning individuals with tools. That type of strategy is indicative of residentially highly mobile groups, which rely on portable personal toolkits for performing activities in their daily lives. On the other hand, a comparison with other case studies of open-air sites located at raw material sources indicates a relatively high proportion of tools in the Campanož assemblage, which, together with the use of expedient production techniques, suggests that the source itself might have been inhabited.
The lithic assemblage of Campanož is interpreted as resulting from activities by residentially highly mobile Neanderthal groups, who used the source to supply their portable toolkits. During visits to the site, not only natural pieces of raw material were utilized but also the knapping waste from previous visits, as seen in the occurrence of recycled artifacts. In addition, raw material source sites could have been occupied occasionally, when the conditions were favourable. So far there is only evidence for the use of the local environment, within a range of up to 8 km. A preliminary model of possible environmental conditions in the Istrian karst peneplain during the Pleistocene in which the described system of environmental use would have been feasible is proposed, revolving around the sequential exploitation of resource concentrations around karstic wetland features. Also emphasized is the topographic uniformity of the area, which given the relative paucity of sites with strategic importance in monitoring animal movement, could have made open-air sites more attractive for settlement, including raw material sources. Finally, the paper emphasizes future perspectives for research on open-air Middle Paleolithic sites in the context of favourable geomorphological characteristics of the Istrian karst peneplain
Development of examination robot for bottom mounted instrumentation in the reactor vessel
No full textSvaki tehnički sustav, pa tako i nuklearne elektrane potrebno je redovito servisirati za
pravilan i siguran rad. Nerazornim ispitivanjima provjeravaju se ključni dijelovi nuklearnih
elektrana kako bi se pravovremeno naišlo na moguće pukotine ili anomalije materijala. Zone
povišenog zračenja onemogućuju dugotrajan boravak ljudi unutar elektrane pa su iz tog razloga
potrebni roboti za provođenje nerazornih ispitivanja. U ovom završnom radu opisuje se način
definiranja i izrade globalne sheme ožičenja manipulatora te razvod pneumatskih cijevi i
spajanje za ostvarivanje svih funkcija manipulatora „Target-20-R“, tvrtke INETEC.
Definiranjem električnih komponenti i izradom tablice u kojoj su navedene karakteristike kao
što su naponske i signalne linije, maksimalne struje i snaga komponenti dobiva se jasnu sliku o
potrebnim kablovima i konektorima koje se odabiru po kriteriju maksimalne struje i napona za
koje su predviđeni. Sheme ožičenja i razvoda pneumatskih cijevi izrađene su u softveru
AutoCAD electrical te priložene kao prilog završnom radu. Po navedenim shemama provedena
je izrada ožičenja i na posljetku provedena analiza ukupne vrijednosti cijelog ožičenja. Drugi
dio završnog rada je projektiranje elektroničke tiskane pločice za regulaciju tlaka kućišta
manipulatora. Potrebno je postići stalni pretlak kućišta kako bi se upravljačke jedinice unutar
manipulatora zaštitile od puštanja vode u kućište. Projektiranje pločice se provodi u softveru
Altium Designer 20. u kojem su opisane razne funkcije te izrađeni dokumenti koji su potrebni
proizvodnju tiskane pločice. Opisano je naručivanje, lemljenje i na posljetku postupak sigurnog
testiranja kako moguća greška pri izradi ne bi rezultirala uništenjem pločice.Every technical system, including nuclear power plants, needs to be serviced regularly
for regular and safe operation. Non-destructive testing methods are used for the inspection of
key parts of nuclear power plants to detect possible cracks or material anomalies in a timely
manner. High radiation zones prevent people from staying inside the power plant for a long
time, which is why robots are needed to conduct non-destructive testing. This paper describes
the method of defining and developing a global wiring diagram of the manipulator „Target-20-
R“ by company INETEC, as well as the distribution of the pneumatic pipes and connections for
the realization of all functions needed. By defining electrical components and creating a table
in which characteristics are listed such as voltage and signal lines, maximum current, and power
of components. By inspecting the content of the table and also according to the criteria of
maximum current and voltage, cables and connectors are selected. Wiring and pipes distribution
diagrams were made in the AutoCAD Electrical software and attached as a supplement to this
final paper. The second part of the final paper is the design of an electronic printed circuit board
(PCB) for regulating the pressure of the manipulator housing. It is necessary to achieve a
constant overpressure of the housing in order to protect the control units inside the manipulator
housing from water leakage. The design of the bord is carried out in the software Altium
Designer 20. in which various functions are described and files, required for the production of
the printed circuit bord, are prepared. Ordering and soldering procedures are also described and
in the end safe testing process is explained so that a possible manufacturing error would not
result in the destruction of the PCB
Welding technology in production of chest beam on railway vehicle with application requirements of HRN EN 15085 standard
No full textRad se sastoji od teorijskog i eksperimentalnog dijela.
U teorijskom dijelu dan je pregled i opis strukture niza normi HRN EN 15085, gdje su detaljnije proučeni zahtjevi za proizvodnju zavarivanjem vezani za razinu klasifikacije proizvoda. Nadalje, odabrano je pet potencijalno kritičnih zavarenih spojeva grudne grede čiji su detalji konstrukcijskih rješenja analizirani. Uz to, opisane su pojedine obrade koje se mogu izvršiti nakon zavarivanja u svrhu poboljšanja eksploatacijskih značajki, kao i primjenjive metode nerazornih ispitivanja s obzirom na klasu zavara i razinu naprezanja grudne grede.
U eksperimentalnom dijelu provedena je specifikacija zahtjeva proizvodnje za izradu zavarene konstrukcije grudne grede. Definirana je tehnologija zavarivanja grudne grede prema specificiranim i kvalificiranim postupcima zavarivanja. Provedene su određene metode nerazornih ispitivanja na odabranim zavarenim spojevima te su dana tražena izvješća. Shodno tome, predložene su radne probe čije su pozicije označene na određenim mjestima grudne grede. Zaključno, predložena je mogućnost poboljšanja vođenja sustava kvalitete prema zahtjevima norme HRN EN 15085.The work consists of a theoretical and an experimental part.
The theoretical part provides an overview and description of the structure of the series of standards HRN EN 15085, where the requirements for production by welding related to the classification level of products are examined in detail. Furthermore, five potentially critical welded joints of the chest beam are selected, and the details of their design solutions are analyzed. In addition, certain treatments that can be performed after welding to improve operational characteristics are described, as well as applicable non-destructive testing methods considering the weld class and the stress level of the chest beam.
In the experimental part, the production requirements specification for the manufacturing of the welded chest beam structure is carried out. The welding technology for the chest beam is defined according to the specified and qualified welding procedures. Certain non-destructive testing methods were applied to the selected welded joints, and the required reports were provided. Consequently, production weld tests were proposed, and their positions were marked at specific locations on the chest beam. In conclusion, the possibility of improving the quality management system according to the requirements of the HRN EN 15085 standard was suggested
Development of a conceptual solution for the storage space of a company for the production and sale of coffee
No full textOvaj diplomski rad obrađuje tematiku upravljanja zalihama i skladištenja materijala u odabranoj tvrtki unutar industrije kave. U uvodnom dijelu rada opisani su osnovni pojmovi iz područja logistike, s naglaskom na deset ključnih logističkih aktivnosti. Zatim je predstavljena odabrana tvrtka iz industrije kave te je, kroz ključne logističke aktivnosti, opisan logistički dio poslovanja tvrtke. U nastavku je dan detaljniji teorijski pregled logističkih aktivnosti upravljanja zalihama i skladištenja, a nakon toga je opisano kako se te dvije aktivnosti obavljaju u svakodnevnom poslovanju odabrane tvrtke. U zadnjem dijelu rada, predstavljeno je idejno rješenje skladištenja sirovina, kupovne robe i gotovih proizvoda u budućem proizvodno-skladišnom objektu tvrtke.This master’s thesis addresses the topic of inventory management and material storage in a selected company within the coffee industry. The introductory section outlines the basic concepts in logistics, with an emphasis on ten key logistics activities. Subsequently, the selected coffee industry company is presented, and the logistics aspect of its operations is described through these key logistics activities. The following section provides a detailed theoretical overview of inventory management and warehousing logistics activities, followed by a description of how these activities are performed in the daily operations of the chosen company. The final part of the thesis presents a conceptual solution for the storage of raw materials, purchased goods, and finished products in the company's future production and warehouse facility
Cost analysis of autoimmune disease pemphigus vulgaris
No full textVulgarni pemfigus (VP) je rijetka autoimuna bolest iz skupine buloznih dermatoza. Autoimune bulozne dermatoze
bolesti su epidermalnog i subepidermalnog područja koje karakterizira stvaranje protutijela na strukturne proteine i
adhezivne molekule uslijed čega nastaju mjehuri na koži i/ili sluznicama. Kod VP-a patofiziološke promjene događaju
se u epidermisu, dok je kod buloznog pemfigoida (BP) zahvaćeno subepidermalno područje.
Liječenje VP-a zasniva se na terapiji sistemskim kortikosteroidima koja se većinom primjenjuje oralno, iako je moguća
i intravenska primjena. Kod liječenja BP-a terapija kortikosteroidima je uglavnom topikalna s primjenom lijeka na
području cijele kože. U obje bolesti moguća je primjena adjuvantne terapije imnuosupresivima kao što su azatioprin i
mikofenolat, te biološke terapije, primarno monoklonskog protutijela rituksimaba.
VP rijetka je bolest od koje godišnje u Republici Hrvatskoj obolijeva 9 osoba po milijun stanovnika, no zbog velikog
udjela hospitalizacija te korištenja pojedinih skupih lijekova ova bolest proizvodi nemali trošak za HZZO. Ukupni
izravni trošak VP-a procijenjen je ovom analizom tako da su zbrojeni troškovi hospitalizacije koji se plaćaju prema
DTS-u, troškovi DTP-a u PZZ i SZZ koji nisu uključeni u trošak hospitalizacije, te trošak lijekova koji se primjenjuju
nevezano za hospitalizaciju. Također je zasebno procijenjen trošak svakog lijeka koji se primjenjivao prilikom
hospitalizacije radi detaljnijeg prikaza troškova u zdravstvu. Kao najskuplji lijek primjenjivan tijekom hospitalizacije
pokazalo se monoklonsko protutijelo rituksimab za koji je po pacijentu tijekom hospitalizacije utrošeno prosječno
1.766,17 EUR. Ukupni trošak hospitalizacija temeljen je na DTS šifri J68A te je množenjem cijene te šifre s brojem
pacijenata u RH dobiven ukupni trošak hospitalizacije od 93.529,63 EUR. Trošak DTP-a dobiven je zbrajanjem
pojedinih postupaka koji su korišteni u PZZ i SZZ čime je procijenjen ukupni iznos od 185.682,35 EUR. Prilikom
izračuna troška lijekova u izvanbolničkoj terapiji ponovno se isticao rituksimab čiji je trošak od 440.005,39 EUR
nadilazio ukupan zbroj ostalih troškova u liječenju VP-a. U konačnici je procijenjen ukupan trošak liječenja VP-a koji
je iznosio 770.495,22 EUR godišnje.Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a rare autoimmune disease from the group of bullous dermatoses. Autoimmune bullous
dermatoses are of the epidermal and subepidermal area, characterized by the formation of antibodies against structural
proteins and adhesive molecules, resulting in the formation of blisters on the skin and/or mucous membranes. In pemphigus
vulgaris, pathophysiological changes occur in the epidermis, whereas in bullous pemphigoid (BP) the subepidermal area
is affected.
The treatment of PV is based on systemic corticosteroid therapy, which is mostly administered orally, although intravenous
administration is also possible. In the treatment of BP, corticosteroid therapy is mainly topical with the application of the
drug over the entire skin area. In both diseases, it is possible to use adjuvant therapy with immunosuppressants such as
azathioprine and mycophenolate, as well as biological therapy, primarily the monoclonal antibody rituximab.
PV is a rare disease that affects 9 people per million inhabitants annually in the Republic of Croatia, but due to the high
proportion of hospitalizations and the use of certain expensive drugs, it leaves a potentially large mark on HZZO. The
total direct cost of PV was estimated in this analysis in by adding up the costs of hospitalization paid according to DTS,
the costs of DTP in PHC and SHC that are not included in the cost of hospitalization, and the cost of drugs that are applied
unrelated to hospitalization. Also, the cost of each drug that was used during hospitalization was separately estimated for
a more detailed presentation of healthcare costs. The monoclonal antibody rituximab proved to be the most expensive drug
used during hospitalization, for which an average of 1,766.17 EUR was spent per patient. The total cost of hospitalization
is based on the DTS code J68A, and by multiplying the price of that code with the number of patients in the Republic of
Croatia, the total cost of hospitalization is 93,529.63 EUR. The cost of DTP was obtained by adding up the individual
procedures that were used in PHC and SHC, which estimated the total amount of 185,682.35 EUR. When calculating the
cost of drugs in outpatient therapy, rituximab stood out again, whose cost of 440,005.39 EUR exceeded the total sum of
other costs in the treatment of PV. In the end, the total estimated cost for PV treatment amounted to 770.495,22 EUR per
year
Material working conditions in Physical and Health Education classes
No full textTema ovog diplomskog rada je utjecaj materijalnih uvjeta rada na kvalitetu nastave Tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture u osnovnim školama. Poseban naglasak stavljen je na razlike između škola u urbanim sredinama, koje često raspolažu boljim uvjetima, i onih u ruralnim područjima, gdje su materijalni resursi ograničeni. U radu se analiziraju ključni aspekti tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture, uključujući važnost rane tjelesne aktivnosti, prilagodbu nastavnih sadržaja razvojnoj dobi učenika te utjecaj socioekonomskih čimbenika na zdravlje i tjelesni razvoj djece.
Također, razmatra se uloga dodatnih aktivnosti kao što su natjecanja u razredu, zimovanja i ljetovanja, koje za učenike iz škola s lošim materijalnim uvjetima predstavljaju iznimno vrijedne prilike za stjecanje novih iskustava i širenje vidika. Ove aktivnosti pomažu u prevladavanju nedostataka u svakodnevnom školskom okruženju, potičući učenike na razvijanje samopouzdanja, socijalnih vještina i zdravih životnih navika.
Kroz analizu relevantne literature i kurikularnih zahtjeva, rad ukazuje na važnost modernizacije školske infrastrukture i kontinuirane edukacije učitelja u cilju osiguravanja ravnopravnog pristupa kvalitetnoj tjelesnoj i zdravstvenoj kulturi za sve učenike. Poseban naglasak stavljen je na potrebu za poboljšanjem uvjeta rada u školama u ruralnim područjima, gdje nedostatak osnovnih resursa može negativno utjecati na motivaciju učenika i njihove zdravstvene ishode.
Zaključak rada ističe da, unatoč izazovima, kreativni pristupi i dodatne aktivnosti mogu značajno doprinijeti kvaliteti nastave i ukupnom razvoju učenika, te daje smjernice za daljnja istraživanja i praktične preporuke za unaprjeđenje materijalnih uvjeta u školama.The topic of this thesis is the impact of material working conditions on the quality of physical and health education in primary schools. Special emphasis is placed on the differences between schools in urban areas, which often have better conditions, and those in rural areas, where material resources are limited. The thesis analyzes key aspects of physical and health education, including the importance of early physical activity, the adaptation of teaching content to the developmental age of students, and the influence of socioeconomic factors on the health and physical development of children.
The role of additional activities, such as classroom competitions, winter camps, and summer camps, is also considered, as these represent extremely valuable opportunities for students from schools with poor material conditions to gain new experiences and broaden their horizons. These activities help to overcome the shortcomings of everyday school environments, encouraging students to develop confidence, social skills, and healthy lifestyle habits.
Through the analysis of relevant literature and curricular requirements, the paper highlights the importance of modernizing school infrastructure and the continuous education of teachers to ensure equal access to quality physical and health education for all students. Special emphasis is placed on the need to improve working conditions in schools in rural areas, where the lack of basic resources can negatively affect students' motivation and health outcomes.
The conclusion emphasizes that, despite the challenges, creative approaches and additional activities can significantly contribute to the quality of teaching and the overall development of students and provides guidelines for further research and practical recommendations for improving material conditions in schools