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Association between fibroblast growth factor 23 and bone loss in liver transplant candidates
No full textUvod: Jetrena osteodistrofija (engl. hepatic osteodistrophy, HO) je koštano-mineralni poremećaj u kandidata za ortotopnu transplantaciju jetre (OTJ) koju obilježava gubitak koštane mase i sklonost prijelomima. Čimbenik rasta fibroblasta 23 (engl. fibroblast growth factor 23, FGF23) regulira metabolizam fosfata i vitamina D, a povećane koncentracije se povezuju s gubitkom koštane mase i osteoporotskim prijelomima. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio ispitati povezanost gubitka koštane mase i koncentracije intaktnog FGF23-a (engl. intact FGF23, iFGF23) u kandidata za OTJ.
Ispitanici i metode: U istraživanje su uključeni odrasli kandidati za OTJ. Gubitak koštane mase (osteopenija ili osteoporoza) je dijagnosticiran s pomoću denzitometrije kosti X-zrakama dvostruke prodornosti (DXA), a prijelomi kralježnice standardnim radiološkim snimkama. Izmjerene su koncentracije parametara koštano-mineralnog metabolizma, upale, inzulinske rezistencije, iFGF23 i aktivnost koštane alkalne fosfataze (BALP) u krvi. Ispitanici su podijeljeni u skupinu bez i s gubitkom koštane mase.
Rezultati: U istraživanje je uključeno 90 ispitanika (40 u skupini bez, a 50 u skupini s gubitkom koštane mase). Pojavnost gubitka koštane mase iznosila je 55,6%, a prijeloma kralježnice 48,9%. Nije bilo razlike statistički značajne razlike u parametrima koštano-mineralnog metabolizma, upale, inzulinske rezistencije te iFGF23-a između promatranih skupina. Aktivnost BALP-a bila je povećana u ispitanika s gubitkom koštane mase. Ženski spol i veća aktivnost BALP-a nezavisni su čimbenici rizika gubitka koštane mase, a starija životna dob prijeloma. Aktivnost BALP-a značajno je negativno korelirala s nalazom DXA.
Zaključci: Pojavnost gubitka koštane mase i osteoporotskih prijeloma kralježnice u kandidata za OTJ je veća nego u zdravoj populaciji. Koncentracija iFGF23-a nije povezana s gubitkom koštane mase.Introduction: Hepatic osteodystrophy (HO) is a bone-mineral disorder in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) candidates that leads to bone loss and tendency to fractures. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) regulates phosphate and vitamin D metabolism, and is associated with bone loss and fragility fractures. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between bone loss and the concentration of intact FGF23 (iFGF23) in OLT candidates.
Patients and methods: Adult OLT candidates were included in the study. Bone loss (osteopenia or osteoporosis) was diagnosed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and spinal fractures by standard radiological imaging. Parameters of bone-mineral metabolism, inflammation, insulin resistance, iFGF23 and bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) activity were measured in blood. Patients were divided into groups with and without bone loss.
Results: Ninety (90) patients were included in the study (40 in the group without and 50 in the group with bone loss). The bone loss prevalence was 55.6% and vertebral fractures 48.9%. No significant differences in parameters of bone-mineral metabolism, inflammation, insuline resistance and iFGF23 were found between groups. Group with bone loss had higher BALP activity. Female gender and higher values of bone alkaline phosphatase were independent risk factors for bone loss, while older age was for fractures. BALP activity significantly negatively correlated with DXA results.
Conclusions: Prevalence of bone loss and osteoporotic fractures among OLT candidates is higher than in healthy population. No association exists between iFGF23 concentration and bone loss
Eocene Weathering Oscillations Inprinted in Marl Mineral and Geohemical Record (Dinaric Foreland Basin, Croatia)
No full textDuring Middle to Late Eocene hemipelagic/pelagic sediments were deposited in Dinaric foreland basin along the eastern Adriatic coast (northern margin of Neotethys, Croatia). Syn-sedimentary tectonic movements, paleogeographic position and exchanges of short-lived hyperthermal episodes affected the sedimentation and related mineral and geochemical record of these deposits. Mineral (clay) assemblage carries signature of prevailing physical weathering with significant illite and chlorite content, but climatic seasonality is suggested by smectite-interlayered phases and sporadical increase of kaolinite content. Illite crystallinity varies significantly, and the lowest crystallinity is recorded for the Lutetian samples. Illite chemistry index is always bellow 0.5 being characteristic for Fe-Mg-rich illite. The geochemical records are the most prominent (CIA up to 76, CIW up to 91) for the Istrian Lutetian (42.3-40.5 Ma), but also for Priabonian (35.8-34.3 Ma) samples of Hvar Island. The ICV values (the lowest 1.40 and the highest 10.85) of all studied samples fall above PAAS (ICV = 0.85) and point to their chemical immaturity. The Ga/Rb ratios are lower than 0.2 and K2O/Al2O3 ratios are also low (0.16–0.22), implying transition between cold and dry, and warm and humid climate, obviously trending among several warming episodes
The role and development of sound editing in Croatian cinema from the 1940s to the 1970s
No full textCilj ovog rada je historiografskim pristupom popratiti te analizirati razvoj i ulogu montaže zvuka u hrvatskoj kinematografiji od 1940-ih do 1970-ih u kontekstu dugometražnog igranog filma, kako bi se pružio detaljan uvid u dostignuća i umjetničku praksu ove važne, a uglavnom zanemarene, filmske djelatnosti. Za bolje razumijevanje profesije montaže zvuka, i konteksta njenog nastanka, rad počinje povijesnim pregledom metoda i praksi ozvučavanja nijemog filma u američkoj kinematografiji, a potom daje komparativan pregled praksi hrvatske kinematografije. Već u razdoblju nijemog filma izdvaja se uporaba govora, šumova i glazbe, elemenata koji će stvarati zvučnu sliku budućeg zvučnog filma. Prvi zvučni filmovi projicirani su korištenjem različitih sustava, no prevladat će sustavi u kojima se slikovni i zvučni zapis filma nalaze na jednoj vrpci što će predstavljati temelj za razvoj profesije montaže zvuka. Zbog iznimno skromnih tehničkih i financijskih uvjeta hrvatske kinematografije, profesija montaže zvuka, u kontekstu dugometražnog filma, izdvojit će se u zasebno zanimanje tek krajem 1940-ih. Analizom zvučne slike svih dugometražnih igranih filmova nastalih između 1944. i 1970. (82 filmska djela) prati se razvoj montažnih postupaka na razini zvučne slike, sve do dosezanja visokog standarda profesije, što je omogućilo institucionaliziranje obrazovanja za montažu zvuka (ali i slike) osnivanjem Odsjeka montaže 1969. na ondašnjoj Kazališnoj akademiji na kojem će praktičnu nastavu voditi iskusni filmski montažeri s velikim znanjem i bogatim iskustvom koji će obrazovati iduću generaciju filmaša.The aim of this work is to historically track and analyse the development and role of sound editing in Croatian cinema from the 1940s to the 1970s in the context of feature-length fiction films, in order to provide a detailed insight into the achievements and artistic practices of this important but often neglected film profession. To better understand the profession of sound editing and the context of its emergence, this work begins with a historical overview of the methods and practices of sound accompaniment in American cinema during the silent film era, followed by a comparative analysis of practices in Croatian cinema. Even during the silent film era, the use of speech, sound effects, and music, elements that would create soundscapes of future sound films, was notable. The first sound films were projected using various reproduction systems, but the system where both the visual and audio segment of the film were on a single filmstrip would ultimately prevail, laying the foundation for the development of the sound editing profession. Due to extremely limited technical and financial resources, Croatian cinema in the 1930s regularly produced only commissioned and promotional films in which the sound was shaped during synchronization. The beginnings of the sound editor profession in Croatia are closely tied to employment opportunities, greatly aided by the establishment of the first film companies and eventually the Jadran film studio, which resulted in the production of the first feature-length fiction film in 1944, marking the start of continuous film production. The first use of the title sound editor in the context of feature-length fiction films is documented in the credits of the film Zastava in 1949. Despite the establishment of technological conditions and the development of post-production systems and tools in Croatian cinema, a major challenge was the education of film professionals for working with sound film. Sound editors predominantly educated themselves for their profession through apprenticeship under more experienced colleagues and learned through practice, later supplemented by various workshops and courses. The practice of apprenticeship for work on early sound films was a dominant form of education in other countries as well. Education for film editors (both sound and picture) became institutionalized in 1969 with the founding of the Editing Department at the today’s Academy of Dramatic Art, University of Zagreb. The continuous production of feature-length fiction films, noticeable from the 1950s onwards, allowed for the tracking of the development of the sound editing profession. Over the coming years and through film soundscapes analysis, it becomes evident that editing techniques became more diverse with various distinct solutions adopted, specific editing methods became integrated into the soundscapes of future films, the dramaturgy of soundscapes became more complex, and the overall believability of the soundscapes was achieved not only occasionally but consistently throughout the entire film. A significant turning point in achieving synchronization, which is essential for creating convincing soundscapes, is represented by the film Tko pjeva zlo ne misli (1970), in which it is noticeable that all scenes were recorded with sound, unlike the previous practice where certain scenes (mostly shot outdoors) were recorded without sound. The end of the 1960s marked the attainment of a high standard in the sound editing profession (and picture editing profession as well), making it possible to establish the Editing Department at the former Academy of Theatre Arts, where practical artistic class teachings were led by experienced film professionals with extensive knowledge and experience, capable of educating the next generation of filmmakers. However, due to limited spatial, material, and performance capabilities, the Editing Department did not offer specialization in the field of sound editing, which was only made available to students with the launch of the graduate study program in Sound Design (in the academic year 2007/2008). The soundscapes of Croatian feature-length fiction films up to the 1970s were defined by only a few sound editors (Lidija Jojić, Tea Brunšmid, Živan Cvitković). They distinguished themselves through their work, innate affinities, and the determination and patience to find solutions and methods suitable for each film, thereby advancing their profession while maintaining professional standards. Their work, as well as the work of film picture editors, represents an unfairly neglected area of research, research in film studies, and expert theses, and this work aims to partially correct this omission
Slobodne vibracije rotirajuće cilindrične ljuske s uklještenjem na oba kraja
No full textIn this thesis free vibrations of rotating cylindrical shells with clamped-clamped boundary
conditions are considered. Firstly, an analytical model is developed, which determines the exact
natural frequencies of both stationary shells and shells rotating with a constant angular speed
about its axis. The obtained results are validated by a comparison with the results of an
experimental study and two numerical studies for stationary shells, and two analytical studies
for rotating shells. An excellent agreement is observed. Secondly, an approximate solution
using the Rayleigh-Ritz method is developed. In this solution, exact circumferential mode shape
profiles are kept, but the axial profiles of the mode shapes are approximated by the mode shapes
of a clamped-clamped beam. These results are validated by a comparison with the exact solution
developed here. The Campbell diagrams corresponding to the two solutions practically overlap.
Therefore, a simple and convenient method is developed to determine the natural frequencies
of a rotating shell from those of a stationary shell.U ovom radu proučavaju se slobodne vibracije rotirajuće cilindrične ljuske s uklještenjem na
oba kraja. Prvo su egzaktno određene prirodne frekvencije i prirodni oblici za stacionarne
ljuske, kao i za ljuske koje se rotiraju konstantnom kutnom brzinom oko svoje osi. Valjanost
razvijenog analitičkog modela provjerena je usporedbom s eksperimentalnim i dvama
numeričkim rezultatima za stacionarne ljuske, te s dvama analitičkim rezultatima za rotirajuće
ljuske. Uočeno je izvrsno podudaranje rezultata. Povrh toga, razvijeno je i približno rješenje
pomoću metode Rayleigh-Ritz. Kod ovog rješenja zadržani su egzaktni cirkumferencijalni
profili prirodnih oblika, dok su aksijalni profili aproksimirani profilima grede uklještene na oba
kraja. Valjanost ovog rješenja potvrđena je usporedbom s egzaktnim rješenjem. Campbellovi
dijagrami za dva razvijena modela praktički se poklapaju. Dakle, razvijena je jednostavna i
praktična metoda za proračun prirodnih frekvencija rotirajuće ljuske iz poznatih prirodnih
frekvencija stacionarne ljuske
TRIASSIC MARINE REPTILE FROM THE KRAŠIĆ AREA (ŽUMBERAK MT.)
No full textNa ljeto 2021. godine, u mjestu Vlašić Brdo na Žumberačkoj gori, nedaleko od Krašića, otkriven je sekundarni blok vapnenca s očuvanim kostima trijaskog morskog gmaza. Preparacija kostiju omogućila je detaljan opis i taksonomsku odredbu ostataka. Riječ je o djelomično artikuliranom dijelu posteriornog trupnog i/ili najviše anteriornog repnog dijela kralježnice, rebara i gastralija, te neodredivoj kosti uda ili zdjelice ihtiosaura iz porodice Cymbospondylidae. Bogata konodontna fauna izolirana iz vapnenca ukazuje da je uzorak srednje trijaske starosti, iz prijelaznog intervala anizika u ladinik, usporedivog s rasponom između gornje Reitzii i Curionii amonitne zone. Uz konodonte, mehaničkom je i kemijskom preparacijom samog uzorka, kemijskom ekstrakcijom mikrofosila te analizom mikropreparata utvrđena bogata fosilna zajednica koja uključuje ostatke foraminifera, radiolarija, mogućih srodnika dinoflagelata, spužva i/ili mahovnjaka, ostrakoda, brahiopoda, juvenilnih puževa, školjkaša, glavonožaca, bodljikaša te riba koštunjača i hrskavičnjača. Na temelju fosilnih ostataka rekonstruirana je hipotetska hranidbena mreža ove tafocenoze. Vapnenački mikrofacijes može se opisati kao kristalo-bioklastični pekston koji pokazuje tipične značajke dubljevodnih facijesa očekivanih u tektonski stvorenom intra-platformskom bazenu, ali i naznake veoma značajanog siliciklastičnog i/ili vulkanoklastičnog donosa.In the summer of 2021, a block of limestone preserving bones of a Triassic marine reptile was discovered at the Vlašić Brdo locality on the Žumberak Mt., not far from Krašić. Preparation of the bones allowed a detailed description and taxonomic determination of the remains. It consists of a partially articulated portion of the anterior trunk and/or posterior-most tail region of the spine, ribs and gastralia, and an unidentifiable limb or pelvic bone of an ichthyosaur from the family Cymbospondylidae. A rich conodont fauna extracted from the limestone indicates that the sample is of the Middle Triassic age, specifically from the Anisian – Ladinian boundary interval, which can be correlated with a span between Reitzii and Curionii ammonoid zones. In addition to conodonts, mechanical and chemical preparation, chemical extraction, and analysis of thin sections revealed a rich fossil community which includes remains of foraminifera, radiolarians, possible relatives of dinoflagellates, sponges and/or bryozoans, ostracods, brachiopods, juvenile snails, bivalves, cephalopods, echinoderms, and bony and cartilaginous fishes. On the basis of all these fossil remains, a hypothetical food web of this taphocenosis was reconstructed. Microfacies of the limestone can be described as a crystalo-bioclastic packstone which shows the characteristics typical of deeper-water facies expected in a tectonically induced intra-platform basin, but also exhibits evidence of very significant siliciclastic and/or volcanoclastic influx
System for adsorption air purification of solvent recovery plant
No full textU sklopu ovog diplomskog rada bilo je potrebno izraditi sustav za pročišćavanje industrijskog zraka koji u sebi sadrži otopljene hlapive organske spojeve (HOS). Proračun adsorbera i sustava regeneracije dijelovi su sustava za pročišćavanje zraka koje je bilo potrebno obuhvatiti proračunom. Adsorber je uređaj ispunjen aktivnim ugljenom, koji služe za adsorpciju HOS-a iz zraka, a njegova regeneracija vrši se pomoću struje vrućeg dušika. Osim proračuna, odabrana je sva potrebna oprema za rad sustava te je izrađena tehnička dokumentacija adsorbera. Na kraju rada je prikazan P&ID dijagram procesa, koji grafički prikazuje proces pročišćavanja zraka, svu opremu, mjerne instrumente potrebne za rad sustavaAs part of this thesis, it was necessary to develop a system for purifying industrial air containing dissolved volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The calculations for the adsorber and the regeneration system are components of the air purification system that were required to be included. The adsorber is a device filled with activated carbon, used for the adsorption of VOCs from the air. The regeneration of activated carbon is done using a hot stream of nitrogen. In addition to the calculations, all the necessary equipment for the system's operation was selected, and the technical documentation for the adsorber was prepared. At the end of the thesis, a P&ID diagram of the process is presented, which graphically illustrates the air purification process, all the equipment, and the measuring instruments required for the system's operation
Implementation of fly-by-wire flight controls on flight simulator for modern fighter airplane
No full textU diplomskom radu prikazan je razvoj i izrada fly-by-wire (FBW) upravljačke palice koja koristi silu za određivanje zadanih komandi, za razliku od konvencionalnih palica koje mjere pomak. Opisan je proces kalibracije palice te prilagodba postojećeg Simulink model leta kako bi se palica mogla koristiti. Za procjenu primjenjivosti nove FBW palice, proveden je eksperiment s dvije skupine ispitanika koji je uključivao dva zadatka. Prvi zadatak sastojao se od praćenja zadanog kuta propinjanja, dok je u drugom zadatku potrebno pratiti zadani smjer leta. Izvedba je analizirana na dva načina. Objektivno, mjerenjem varijance pogreške od zadanih vrijednosti i mjerenjem broja ekstrema u signalu palice te subjektivno ispunjavanjem NASA-TLX upitnika i ocjenom upravljivosti prema Cooper-Harper ljestvici za ocjenu upravljivosti. Na kraju je prikazana usporedba ostvarenih varijanci pogreške s novom FBW palicom i konvencionalnom upravljačkom palicom.The topic of this master’s thesis is the development and creation of a fly-by-wire (FBW) control stick that uses force to determine input commands, unlike conventional control sticks that measure displacement. The calibration process of the stick is described, as well as the adaptation of an existing Simulink flight simulation model to enable its use. To evaluate the applicability of the new FBW control stick, an experiment was conducted with two groups of participants, involving two tasks. The first task consisted of tracking a specified pitch angle, while the second required tracking a specified flight direction. Performance was analyzed in two ways. Objectively, by measuring the variance of error from predefined values and counting the number of extrema in the control stick signal and subjectively, through the completion of the NASA-TLX questionnaire and maneuverability assessment using the Cooper-Harper rating scale. Finally, a comparison of the error variance achieved with the new FBW control stick and the conventional control stick is shown
Influence of AC MIG process parameters on residual stress in wire and arc additive manufacturing
No full textOvaj diplomski rad analizira proces aditivne proizvodnje pomoću tehnologije električnog luka i žice (WAAM) s fokusom na zavarivanje aluminijskih legura korištenjem AC MIG postupka. Aditivna proizvodnja, poznata i kao 3D printanje, omogućuje izradu složenih geometrijskih oblika dodavanjem materijala sloj po sloj. U radu je posebna pažnja posvećena utjecaju ključnih parametara zavarivanja na zaostala naprezanja u aluminijskim legurama serije 6xxx, koja se ispituju metodom rendgenske difrakcije (XRD). Eksperimentalni dio uključuje analizu različitih konfiguracija parametara zavarivanja, kao što su omjer EN polariteta, frekvencija, i dodavanje helija, kako bi se optimizirala kvaliteta zavarenih spojeva. Rezultati istraživanja doprinose razumijevanju formiranja zaostalih naprezanja i poboljšanju procesa aditivne proizvodnje u industrijama kao što su zrakoplovna i automobilska.This thesis analyses the additive manufacturing process using Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) technology, with a focus on welding aluminium alloys through the AC Metal Inert Gas (AC MIG) process. Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, enables the production of complex geometric shapes by adding material layer by layer. The study pays special attention to the influence of key welding parameters on residual stresses in 6xxx series aluminium alloys, examined using the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) method. The experimental part includes the analysis of various welding parameter configurations, such as the EN polarity ratio, frequency, and helium addition, to optimize the quality of weld joints. The research results contribute to the understanding of residual stress formation and the improvement of the additive manufacturing process in industries such as aerospace and automotive
Mineralogical characteristics of the Miocene deposits near Voćin
No full textNa temelju snimljenog detaljnog geološkog stupa te laboratorijskih analiza uzoraka, utvrđeno je da se osamnaestak metara debeli slijed naslaga na stupu Daljinac-I sastoji od pet različitih litofacija: lapora (F1), biokalkarenita/biokalcirudita (F2), gline (F3), pijeska i pješčenjaka (F4), i pločastog vapnenca (F5). Lapor (F1) iz donjeg dijela profila je bijele boje, masivnog izgleda i bogat mikrofoslinom zajednicom foraminifera, iz središnjeg dijela stupa je sivo ili hrđastosmeđe obojen s jasno izraženom horizontalnom laminacijom i siromašan foraminiferama, dok je lapor iz gornjeg dijela stupa svijetložute ili sive boje, masivnog izgleda i sadrži mikrofosilnu zajednicu ostrakoda. Biokalkareniti/biokalciruditi (F2) se pojavljuju u donjem dijelu profila u obliku slojeva centimetarsko-decimetarskih debljina, a sastoje se fosilnog kršja mekušaca, crvenih algi, mahovnjaka, ježinaca i foraminifera. Facijes glina (F3) debljine je tridesetak centimetara, a pretežito je sastavljen od smektitne gline koja vjerojatno predstavlja alteracijski produkt piroklastičnog materijala. Facijes pijeska i pješčenjaka pojavljuje se u središnjem dijelu stupa u obliku centimetarskih slojeva unutar facijesa lapora. Pješčenjaci su određeni kao grauvake, dok je pijesak loše sortiran i mjestimice koso uslojen. Sastav detritusa ukazuje na porijeklo materijala iz magmatskih i metamofnih stijena jezgre Papuka koje pripadaju podlozi Panonskog bazena. Pločasti vapnenci (F5) iz gornjeg dijela stupa su bijele ili svjetložute boje, sadrže ostatke fosilnih mekušaca i ostrakode koji indiciraju taloženje u litoralnom-sublitoralnom dijelu brakičnog jezera. Litološke značajke, fosilni sadržaj i vertikalni raspored facijesa na stupu Daljinac ukazuje da je taloženje naslaga započelo krajem badena u plitkom marinskom okolišu i bilo je praćeno slabim vulkanizmom. Kontinuirano se nastavilo i tijekom sarmata kada su uvjeti za život marinskih organizama bili znatno nepovoljniji, a završilo u ranom panonu u plitkom boćatom jezerskom okolišu. Svega osamnaest metara debeli slijed naslaga zabilježio je ključne transformacije okoliša u Sjevernohrvatskom bazenu, od plitkog marinskog okoliša Središnjeg Paratethysa u srednjem miocenu do bočatog okoliša Panonskog jezera u kasnom miocenu.Based on the recorded detailed geological column and laboratory analysis of samples, it has been determined that the sequence of layers, about eighteen meters thick in the Daljinac-I column, consists of five different lithofacies: limestone (F1), biocalcarenite/biocalcirudite (F2), clay (F3), sandstone (F4), and platy limestone (F5). The limestone (F1) from the lower part of the profile is white, massive in appearance, and rich in a microfossil community of foraminifera. In the central part of the column, it is gray or rust-brown with well-defined horizontal lamination and poor in foraminifera, while the limestone from the upper part of the column is light yellow or gray, massive in appearance, and contains a microfossil community of ostracods. Biocalcarenites/biocalcirudites (F2) appear in the lower part of the profile as layers of centimeter-to-decimeter thickness and consist of fossilized fragments of mollusks, red algae, bryozoans, echinoids, and foraminifera. The clay facies (F3) is about thirty centimeters thick and consists mainly of smectitic clay, which likely represents an alteration product of pyroclastic material. The sandstone facies (F4) appears in the central part of the column as centimeter-thick layers within the limestone facies. The sandstones are identified as graywackes, while the sand is poorly sorted and occasionally cross-bedded. The detrital composition suggests a provenance from the magmatic and metamorphic rocks of the Papuk core belonging to the basement of the Pannonian Basin. The platy limestones (F5) from the upper part of the column are white or light yellow and contain remains of fossilized mollusks and ostracods, indicating deposition in the littoral-sublittoral part of a brackish lake. The lithological features, fossil content, and vertical arrangement of facies in the Daljinac column indicate that sedimentation of the layers began in the late Badenian in a shallow marine environment and was accompanied by weak volcanism. It continued continuously during the Sarmatian when the conditions for marine life were significantly unfavorable, and ended in the early Pannonian in a shallow, lagoon-like lake environment. The eighteen-meter-thick sequence of layers recorded key environmental transformations in the North Croatian Basin, from the shallow marine environment of the Central Paratethys in the middle Miocene to the lagoon environment of the Pannonian Lake in the late Miocene
Vision face filters for augmentation and manipulation
No full textU ovom radu obrađena je primjena vizijskih filtera za lice u kontekstu augmentacije i manipulacije u stvarnom vremenu. Rad se fokusira na teorijsku osnovu računalnog vida i strojnog učenja, s posebnim naglaskom na metode prepoznavanja i praćenja značajki lica. Detaljno su opisani različiti tipovi filtera, uključujući filtere za zamjenu lica i augmentaciju dodavanjem virtualnih elemenata. Prikazani su ključni koncepti poput prepoznavanja lica, Haar kaskada, te detekcije karakterističnih oznaka lica pomoću DLIB biblioteke. Eksperimentalni dio rada uključuje implementaciju i testiranje razvijenih filtera s ciljem evaluacije performansi i identificiranja potencijalnih ograničenja. Rad također nudi prijedloge za unaprjeđenje sustava kako bi se smanjila latencija i povećala točnost.The application of facial vision filters in the context of real-time augmentation and manipulation is discussed in this paper. The work focuses on the theoretical foundations of computer vision and machine learning, with particular emphasis on methods of facial feature recognition and tracking. Various types of filters are described in detail, including face swap filters and augmentation filters by adding virtual elements. Key concepts such as facial recognition, Haar cascades, and detection of facial landmarks using the DLIB library are presented. The experimental part of the paper includes the implementation and testing of the developed filters with the aim of evaluating performance and identifying potential limitations. The paper also offers suggestions for system improvements to reduce latency and increase accuracy