University of Zagreb Faculty of Teacher Education - Digital repository

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    4576 research outputs found

    Parental and educator encouragement of children's language development with poetic texts

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    Jezično-govorni razvoj jednako je važan kao i cjelokupni razvoj djeteta. Govorom dijete izražava svoje misli, osjećaje, potrebe i želje, te na taj način ostvaruje komunikaciju sa svojom okolinom. Izrazito je važno od rane dobi kvalitetno poticati dječji jezični razvoj zbog brojnih doprinosa u kasnijem sazrijevanju i formiranju socijalnih interakcija, sve kako bi ono postalo aktivnim, sposobnim i odgovornim članom društvene zajednice. Osim osobnih čimbenika i okolina igra značajnu ulogu u odrastanju i formiranju djece rane i predškolske dobi. Stoga je važno stvoriti poticajno okružje kako bi se djelovalo na sva područja dječjega razvoja, pa i na jezično područje. Među brojnim vrijednim poticajima za dječji jezični razvoj, važno mjesto zauzimaju i, često podcijenjeni, poetski tekstovi koji obiluju slikovitošću, ritmičnošću i rimom, svime onim što je djeci poticajno za ovladavanje jezičnim sposobnostima, ali i zanimljivo, zabavno i poučno. Uz pomoć poetskih tekstova djeca na spontan način usvajaju jezične vještine koje će im uvelike olakšati usvajanje čitalačkih vještina pri nastavku odgojno-obrazovnog procesa. Stoga je kako za roditelje tako i za odgojitelje važno uočiti ljepotu i dobrobiti korištenja poezije u radu s djecom te je na primjeren način približiti djeci i kvalitetno interpretirati kako bi se maksimalno ostvario njezin potencijal u poticanju dječjega jezičnog razvoja. U istraživanju provedenomu za potrebe detaljnijeg uvida u predmetnu temu sudjelovalo je 111 roditelja i odgojitelja. Putem Google obrasca cilj je bio istražiti na koje prednosti, ali i izazove oni nailaze prilikom korištenja poetskih tekstova u radu s djecom. Ovaj rad pruža dublje razumijevanje kako poetski tekstovi mogu biti učinkovit resurs u stvaranju poticajnog jezičnog okružja koje obogaćuje dječje komunikacijske vještine. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju kako se većina roditelja i odgojitelja služi poetskim tekstovima u radu s djecom, kako primjećuju njihove prednosti i svjesni su njihovih mogućnosti. No isto tako pokazuju i da ima prostora za napredak u kvalitetnijem predstavljanju i interpretaciji poezije djeci rane i predškolske dobi.Language-speech development is as crucial as a child's overall development. Through speech, a child expresses thoughts, feelings, needs, and desires, thus establishing communication with their surroundings. It is highly important to effectively nurture a child's linguistic development from an early age due to the numerous contributions it makes to later maturation and the formation of social interactions, enabling them to become active, capable, and responsible members of the social community. The environment plays a significant role in shaping children in their early and preschool years, thus creating a stimulating environment to impact all areas of child development, including the linguistic one. A significant role in promoting children's linguistic development is played by often underestimated poetic texts that are rich in imagery, rhythm, and rhyme—all the elements that captivate, entertain, and educate children. In this spontaneous manner, they acquire language skills that will greatly benefit them when acquiring reading skills as part of their educational process. Therefore, it is crucial to recognize the beauty and benefits of using poetry in working with children, and to present it in an appropriate manner to make the most of the potential of poetic texts as a means of fostering children's linguistic development. The study involved 111 parents and educators. Through a Google Form, the aim was to explore the advantages and challenges of using poetic texts in working with children, as well as their influence on promoting children's linguistic development. This study provides a deeper understanding of how poetic texts can be an effective resource in creating a stimulating language environment that enriches children's communication skills. The research results show that the majority of parents and educators use poetic texts in working with children, and a significant majority notices benefits when using them. However, there is room for improvement and a desire for higher-quality presentation and interpretation of poetry for children in their early and preschool years

    Internet as a source of knowledge for young people

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    Internet je u posljednjih nekoliko desetljeća postao nezaobilazan dio života svih ljudi, a osobito mladih koji su odrastali u eri digitalne tehnologije i rasli zajedno s njom. Internet je izvor neograničenog znanja koji pruža mnogobrojne mogućnosti za učenje, istraživanje i informiranje te omogućuje pristup ogromnom broju tema. U diplomskom radu je analizirano kako mladi koriste internet kao izvor znanja, mogućnosti koje on nudi te koje su pozitivne i negativne strane korištenja interneta u učenju i obrazovanju mladih. U radu su istraženi neki od najpopularnijih izvora znanja na internetu, kao što su enciklopedija, digitalne knjižnice, web stranice za učenje te platforme za online učenje stranih jezika poput Duolinga i Memrisea. Također je analiziran i utjecaj društvenih mreža na mlade te sigurnost na internetu i ovisnosti o njemu. Sve navedeno će biti analizirano s ciljem boljeg razumijevanja važnosti interneta kao izvora znanja za mlade i važnosti pravilnog korištenja interneta u učenju i obrazovanju. Napredak tehnologije i rast upotrebe interneta omogućili su mladima lakši pristup informacijama i znanju, ali važno je uzeti u obzir i negativne strane korištenja interneta, poput ovisnosti, prijetnji i sigurnosnih problema koji se mogu pojaviti.In the last few decades, the Internet has become an indispensable part of the lives of all people, especially young people who grew up in the era of digital technology and grew along with it. The Internet is a source of unlimited knowledge that provides numerous opportunities for learning, research and information and enables access to a huge number of topics. The thesis analyzed how young people use the Internet as a source of knowledge, what possibilities it offers, and what are the positive and negative sides of using the Internet in learning and educating young people. The paper explores some of the most popular sources of knowledge on the Internet, such as encyclopedias, digital libraries, learning websites, and online foreign language learning platforms such as Duolingo and Memrise. The impact of social networks on young people and safety on the Internet and addiction to it was analyzed as well. All of the above will be analyzed with the aim of better understanding of the importance of the Internet as a source of knowledge for young people and the importance of proper use of the Internet in learning and education. Advances in technology and the growth of the Internet use have enabled young people to have easier access to information and knowledge, but it is important to take into account the negative aspects of the Internet use, such as addiction, threats and security problems that may arise

    The role of parents in their preschoolers' digital consumption

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    U ovom radu razmatra se ključna uloga koju roditelji imaju u djetetovoj konzumaciji digitalnih sadržaja i posredovanju uporabi medija kod djece rane i predškolske dobi u suvremenom digitalnom dobu. Uz brzi napredak tehnologije i sve veću rasprostranjenost digitalnih medija, djeca su sve mlađa izložena digitalnim uređajima. Cilj je ovog rada razumjeti i pojasniti na koji način nagla digitalizacija utječe na obitelj, roditeljstvo i cjelokupni djetetov razvoj te strategije koje roditelji koriste u regulaciji djetetove konzumacije digitalnih sadržaja u novoj digitalnoj eri. Istraživanje literature i članaka koji kombiniraju podatke kvantitativne ankete s kvalitativnim intervjuima otkriva kako roditelji koriste različite metode poput: zajedničkog gledanja („co viewing“), restrikcija i provođenja jasnih pravila vezana uz vremensko ograničenje i medijski sadržaj, ili indirektnog izlaganja djeteta medijskom sadržaju („background television“) - svaka od kojih ima svoje implikacije na razvoj djeteta i njegove medijske pismenosti. Rezultati sugeriraju da iako su roditelji svjesni potencijalnih prednosti i rizika povezanih s dječjom uporabom digitalnih medija, često se bore s pronalaženjem ravnoteže između dopuštanja samostalnog istraživanja i osiguravanja sigurnosti na internetu. U radu se naglašava važnost razvijanja medijske pismenosti i podrške roditeljima u digitalnom dobu kako bi i roditelji i djeca mogli kritičkim razmišljanjem pristupiti analizi i konzumaciji medijskih sadržaja. Stoga, novi pristup odgoju u digitalno doba izrazito je potreban te zahtijeva aktivno roditeljsko posredovanje u korištenju medijskog sadržaja poput razgovora o sadržaju koji će zajedno s djetetom gledati, diskusija na temu koji su sadržaji prikladni za dijete, a koji nisu te zašto, kao i tumačenje sadržaja kojeg su zajedno odgledali i djetetovo razumijevanje istog. Sve navedene smjernice stručnjaci predlažu roditeljima i odgajateljima kako bi unaprijedili vlastito roditeljstvo u doba stalne medijske distrakcije.This paper explores the critical role parents play in mediating their preschoolers’ digital consumption in the contemporary digital age. With the rapid advancement of technology and the increasing prevalence of digital media, children are being exposed to digital devices at an increasingly younger age. This study aims to understand and explain how sudden digitalization affects families, parenting and overall child development, in addition to what strategies parents employ to manage their children’s media consumption in this new digital era. Literature review and research of articles combining quantitative survey data and qualitative interviews reveal that parents use a variety of methods such as: joint viewing ("co viewing"), restrictions and implementation of clear rules related to time limits and media content, or indirect exposure of the child to media content ("background television") - each of which has its own implications for the development of the child and their media literacy. The results suggest that while parents are aware of the potential benefits and risks associated with children's use of digital media, they often struggle to strike a balance between allowing independent exploration and ensuring safety online. The paper emphasizes the importance of developing media literacy and supporting parents in the digital age so that both parents and children can approach the analysis and consumption of media content with critical thinking. Therefore, a new approach to education in the digital age is necessary and requires active parental mediation in the use of media content, such as a conversation about the content that will be watched together with the child, a discussion on the topic of which content is suitable for the child and which is not and why, as well as interpretation of the content they watched together and the child's understanding of it. All mentioned guidelines are suggested by experts to parents and educators in order to improve their own parenting in the age of constant media distraction

    Gentle parenting in the families of preschool children in the City of Zagreb and Zagreb County

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    Od antičkog doba do danas, slika o djetetu i odgoj mnogo su se promijenili. Nekada je odgoj bio prepušten hraniteljicama, a onda su ga preuzeli roditelji. Do 70-ih godina prošlog stoljeća o odgoju djece prvenstveno su brinule majke. Suvremeni pogled na roditeljstvo karakterizira veća uključenost očeva, jednako sudjeluju u svim aktivnostima kao i majke, te su oboje jednako važni za razvoj djeteta. Postoje 4 vrste roditeljskog stila, a to su: autoritaran, autoritativan, permisivan i zanemarujući roditeljski stil. Budući da danas postoji bogata raznolikost obiteljskih struktura i različite karakteristike odgoja, teško je striktno odrediti stil ili vrstu roditeljstva. Osim roditeljskih stilova, postoje i različite vrste roditeljstva: helikopter roditeljstvo, digitalno roditeljstvo, distraktibilno roditeljstvo, pozitivno roditeljstvo, povezujuće roditeljstvo i nježno roditeljstvo. Ovaj rad ističe nježno roditeljstvo kao suvremeni fenomen koji je zanimljiv mnogim roditeljima te ga pokušavaju slijediti. Mnogo roditelja prati profile ljudi na društvenim mrežama koji govore o nježnom roditeljstvu. Nježno roditeljstvo se često zamjenjuje s permisivnim roditeljskim stilom, no zapravo je ono po svojim karakteristikama bliže autoritativnom stilu. Karakteristično je po vjeri roditelja u značajna postignuća djeteta, po postepenom davanju kontrole djetetu, održavanju toplog odnosa punog povjerenja, konzistentnosti u granicama te njegovanju odnosa prema samome sebi. Kako bi roditelj mogao dati sve najbolje od sebe djetetu, treba brinuti i o zadovoljavanju vlastitih potreba te osiguravanju vremena za sebe. Ako roditelj zanemaruje svoje potrebe, neće biti u mogućnosti dati sve potrebno svojem djetetu. Budući da je koncept nježnog roditeljstva nastao u inozemstvu, cilj ovog istraživanja je saznati jesu li i u kojoj mjeri roditelji Grada Zagreba i Zagrebačke županije upoznati s konceptom nježnog roditeljstva. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 113 roditelja, te je provedeno putem online ankete podijeljene na društvenim mrežama. Rezultati pokazuju da je 66% roditelja iz Grada Zagreba i Zagrebačke županije čulo za termin nježno roditeljstvo, te prema odgovorima primjenjuju odgojne metode koje su karakteristične toj vrsti roditeljstva.From ancient times to the present day, the image of a child and upbringing have changed a lot. In the past, upbringing was left to nannies, and then parents took it over. Raising children was the responsibility of mothers until the 70s of the last century. Today, fathers are more and more involved in upbringing, they participate in all activities as much as mothers, and both are equally important for the child's development. There are four types of parenting styles: authoritarian, authoritative, permissive and neglectful parenting style. Today, there is a rich variety of family structures and different characteristics of upbringing, which makes it diffcult to strictly define someone's style or type of parenting. In addition to the parenting styles, there are also different types of parenting: hyper parenting, sharenting, distractible parenting, positive parenting, attachment parenting, and gentle parenting. This paper highlights gentle parenting as a modern phenomenon that is interesting to many parents who try to follow it. Many parents follow social networks and various profiles on them, which advocate gentle parenting. Gentle parenting is often confused with a permissive parenting style, but it is actually an authoritative style. Characteristics of gentle parenting are: parents believe in their child that they can achieve more, gradually giving control to the child, nurturing a warm relationship full of trust, consistency in boundaries and nurturing a relationship with themselves. In order for the parent to be able to give the best of themselves to the child, they need to fulfill their own needs and take their time. If parents ignore their needs, they won't be available to their child. Since the concept of gentle parenting originated from abroad, the goal of this research is to find out whether and to what extent the parents of the City of Zagreb and Zagreb County are familiar with the concept of gentle parenting. 113 parents participated in the research, and it was conducted through an online survey shared on social networks. The results show that 66% of parents from the City of Zagreb and Zagreb County have heard of the term gentle parenting, and according to the answers, they apply upbringing methods that are characteristic of that type of parenting

    Religious education of preschool children according to the principles of Montessori pedagogy

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    Odgoj djece jedna je od najvažnijih zadaća društva. O tome kakva će nam biti djeca, ovisi budućnost čitavog čovječanstva. Različiti su pristupi odgoju i različite su pedagoške koncepcije odgoja. Jedna od odgojnih pedagoških koncepcija je Montessori pedagogija. Nastala je u početkom 20. stoljeća, no suvremena je i danas. Utemeljiteljica ove pedagoške koncepcije je Marija Montessori. Ona je napravila radikalan zaokret u pristupu djeci. Shvatila je da su djeca mali istraživači koji trebaju slobodu da bi se uspješno razvijali. No, uz dobivanje slobode, djeca moraju učiti biti odgovorni. Marija je promatrala dječje potrebe i na temelju toga formirala postavke svoje pedagogije. Shvatila je da su djeca religiozna bića i da je religija važan dio njihova razvoja. Ona nije razvila zaseban religiozni odgoj, već je religiju ucijepila u sve dimenzije odgoja. Cilj ovoga rada bio je pokazati važnost religijskog odgoja za cjelovit razvoj djece te kako religijski odgoj i Montessori pedagogija idu ruku pod ruku. Također, jedan od ciljeva je bio prikazati model vjerskog odgoja prema načelima Montessori pedagogije koji nosi naziv Kateheza dobrog Pastira. Čovjek je od samih svojih početaka religiozno biće. Od kad zna za sebe, čovjek traži boga. S obzirom da je potreba za transcendentalnim temeljna ljudska potreba, važno je omogućiti djeci da ju zadovolje. Religijski odgoj započinje u obitelji, a nastavlja se u vrtiću i školi. Pritom je važno gledati na dijete kao na suradnika u procesu učenja i odgoja. Montessori pedagogija vodi se idejom da su djeca sama sposobna učiti ako im se pruže potrebni uvjeti, a odgojitelj je samo pripomoć da dijete zadatak obavi samo. Spoj ovih dviju ideja, da je čovjek religiozno biće i da je dijete mali istraživač, nalazimo u programu Kateheze dobrog Pastira. Ovaj program objedinjuje metode rada Montessori pedagogije i pružanje djeci mogućnost susreta s Bogom koji je Dobri Pastir.Raising children is one of the most important tasks of society. The future of all humanity depends on what our children will be like. There are different approaches to education and different pedagogical conceptions of education. One of the educational pedagogical concepts is Montessori pedagogy. It was created at the beginning of the 20th century, but it is contemporary even today. The founder of this pedagogical concept is Marija Montessori. She made a radical turn in her approach to children. She understood that children are little explorers who need freedom to develop successfully. But along with gaining freedom, children must learn to be responsible. Marija observed the children's needs and formed the settings of her pedagogy based on that. She understood that children are religious beings and that religion is an important part of their development. She did not develop a separate religious education, but rather incorporated religion into all dimensions of education. The goal of this paper was to show the importance of religious education for the overall development of children and how religious education and Montessori pedagogy go side by side. Also, one of the goals was to present a model of religious education based on the principles of Montessori pedagogy, which is called the Catechesis of the Good Shepherd. Man is a religious being from his very beginnings. Ever since he knows himself, man has been looking for God. Since the need for the transcendental is a fundamental human need, it is important to enable children to satisfy it. Religious education begins in the family and continues in kindergarten and school. At the same time, it is important to look at the child as a collaborator in the learning and upbringing process. Montessori pedagogy is guided by the idea that children are capable of learning on their own if they are provided with the necessary conditions, and the educator is only an aid for the child to complete the task on his own. We find the combination of these two ideas, that man is a religious being and that a child is a little researcher, in the Catechesis of the Good Shepherd program. This program combines the methods of Montessori pedagogy and giving children the opportunity to meet God, who is the Good Shepherd

    Kinesiology activity and obesity of preschool children in the city of Zagreb and Zagreb county

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    U ovom radu pisat će se o problemu sa pretilošću kao jednim od najvaţnijih tema današnjice, koji se sve češće pojavljuje kod djece. Kako preventivno djelovati na pojavu pretilosti, koji su to uzroci zbog kojih dolazi do pretilosti te koje posljedice mogu nastati. Namirnice koje djeca svakodnevno konzumiraju jako su vaţne za rast i razvijanje, najviše u najmlađoj dobi djeteta. Tako će se pokušati osvijestiti što djeca trebaju unositi u organizam kako bi imali više energije i kako bi se mogli što više kretati. Također, govorit će se o kineziološkim aktivnostima, zašto su one vaţne za djecu, koju svrhu imaju kineziološke igre te kakve sve vrste igara postoje. Nadalje, govorit će se o vrstama kinezioloških vjeţbi koje se mogu provoditi sa djecom. Na djeci zabavan i zanimljiv naĉin može se poboljšati tjelesna aktivnost, a pretilost smanjiti. Provedeno je istraţivanje na podruĉju grada Zagreba i Zagrebaĉke županije. Odgojitelji iz grada Zagreba i Zagrebaĉke ţupanije popunjavali su anketu koja se temelji na kineziološkim aktivnostima i na pretilosti unutar razliĉitih odgojno-obrazovnih ustanova. Rezultati koje smo dobili pomoću ankete pokazali su da u oba sluĉaja u odgojno-obrazovnim ustanovama postoji sportski program unutar vrtića. Odgojitelji su odgovarali na pitanja kojima se mogu poboljšati uvjeti rada vezani za aktivnosti unutar vrtića.In this paper, we will write about the problem of obesity as one of the most important topics today, which appears more and more often in children. How to act preventively on the appearance of obesity, what are the causes of obesity and what consequences can arise. Food that children consume every day is very important for growth and development, especially in the youngest age of the child. In this way, they will try to become aware of what children need to take into their bodies in order to have more energy and to be able to move as much as possible. It will also talk about kinesiology activities, why they are important for children, the purpose of kinesiology games and what kinds of games there are. Furthermore, the types of kinesiology exercises that can be performed whit children will be discussed. Physical activity can be improved and obesity reduced in children in a fun and interesting way. Research was conducted in the are of the city of Zagreb and Zagreb Country. Educators from the city of Zagreb and the Zagreb Country filled out a survey based on kinesiology activities and obesity within different educational institutions. The results we obtained through the survey showed that in both cases in the educational institutions there is a sports program within the kindergarten. Educators answered questions that could improve working conditions related to activities within the kindergarten

    Gender differences in the nutritional status of preschool children

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    Ovaj završni rad temelji se na spolnim razlikama u statusu uhranjenosti djece predškolske dobi i vrstama utjecaja koji mogu biti prisutni i utjecati na zdravstvene probleme kod djece, kao što su prekomjerna težina, pretilost i pohranjenost. Kako bi se omogućilo djetetu pravilan rast i razvoj potrebno je uvoditi pravilnu prehranu i svakodnevnu tjelesnu aktivnost kako bi pružili što kvalitetniji život. Razmatrat će se čimbenici koji utječu na status uhranjenosti te spolne razlike u prehrani i navikama vezanim za prehranu. Kroz istraživanje opisana je metodologija koja se koristi u istraživanju spolnih razlika u statusu uhranjenosti i analiza dobivenih rezultata. Cilj ovoga završnog rada bio je prikazati stanje uhranjenosti dječaka i djevojčica iz jednoga zagrebačkog vrtića. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 78-ero djece od toga 39 djevojčica i 39 dječaka u dobi od 5 do 6 godina. Za ovo istraživanje bili su potrebni podaci o visini (TV) i težini (TT) djece na temelju kojega je izračunat indeks tjelesne mase (ITM) i njegov percentil ITMper. Prema istraživanjima, postoje značajne razlike u prehrambenim navikama i uhranjenosti između dječaka i djevojčica u toj dobi. Konačno, ovim radom razmatrat će se implikacije ovog istraživanja za pedagošku praksu i navesti će se moguće intervencije koje bi mogle smanjiti spolne razlike u statusu uhranjenosti djece predškolske dobi.This final paper is based on gender differences in the nutrition of preschool children and the types of influences that may be present and affect health problems in children, such as overweight, obesity, and malnourishment. In order to allow a child's proper growth and development, it is necessary to introduce proper nutrition and daily physical activity to enable the child a quality life. We will consider factors affecting the nutrition status and gender differences in diet and eating habits. The methodology used in the research of gender differences in nutritional status and the analysis of the obtained results are described through this study. The aim of this final paper was to present the nutritional status of boys and girls from a kindergarten in Zagreb. The study was conducted on a sample of 78 children, 39 girls and 39 boys aged 5 to 6 years. For this research, data on height and weight of the children were necessary, based on which the body mass index (BMI) and its percentile BMIper were calculated. According to the research, there are significant differences in eating habits and nutrition between boys and girls at that age. Finally, this paper will consider the implications of this research for pedagogical practice and suggest possible interventions that could reduce gender differences in the nutritional status of preschool children

    Recreational activities for children under stress and trauma

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    Djeca u svim godinama razvoja trebaju podršku oko psihičkog zdravlja. Odgojitelj ima izuzetnu važnost da brine za psihičko zdravlje djece kao i za fizičko. Kod djece kod koje primjećuje psihičke smetnje on treba pokazati osobito razumijevanje. Toplim postupcima on stvara odnos povjerenja i sigurnosti sa djetetom koje takav odnos možda nema u obiteljskom domu. U današnjem načinu života odrasle osobe stres je njezin sastavni dio i često ljudi maštaju o tome da opet budu djeca, da se vrate u bezbrižne dane. Ipak, istraživanja koja se bave načinima kako djeca doživljavaju situacije ističu da su nerijetko i djeca u stresu koji može ostati zabilježen kao trauma. Obiteljske prilike, socijalno okruženje u vrtiću, globalna zbivanja sve to utječe na živote najmlađih. Oni koji se bave odgojem i obrazovanjem djece trebali bi prioritizirati pomoć djeci na mentalnom planu jer to se dalje odražava na svim razvojnim područjima. Sam cilj ovoga rada je istražiti koje aktivnosti iz područja sporta i rekreacije su namijenjene djeci koja su doživjela značajan stres koji može preći u traumu. Važno je kroz te aktivnosti pružiti podršku djeci i osloboditi ih negativnih utjecaja stresa. Ona aktivnost koja u najvećoj mjeri rasterećuje djecu je igra, iz tog razloga ona je dio bez kojeg opuštanje napetosti, anksioznosti i straha se neće dogoditi. Rekreativne aktivnosti pružaju djeci obilje igre koja se provodi kroz razne tjelesne aktivnosti najčešće u prirodi i boravkom na svježem zraku, što izrazito utječe na otpuštanje stresa i napetosti. Osim toga tjelesnim aktivnosima djeca ostvaruju dobrobiti motoričkih i funkcionalnih sposobnosti. U takvim igrama djeca grade povjerenje i surađuju sa vršnjacima, te djeca postaju otvorenija i socijalno kompetentnija, što je važan čimbenik za normalno funkcioniranje u svakodnevnom životu. Ostale metode poput mindfulness tehnika, tehnika disanja, masaže spadaju u rekreacijske aktivnosti koje lako i nenaporno uče djecu samokontroli, stavljanju fokusa na ono važno u danom trenutku, daju djeci mentalnu jasnoću i čine ih otpornijom na stres. Navedene aktivnosti trebaju se provoditi ne samo nakon doživljenog nepovoljnog iskustva nego po mogućnosti svakodnevno u radu s djecom kako bi ih osnažili i olakšali im buduće izazove.Children of all ages need support regarding their mental health. Educators have a significant role in taking care for the mental health of children, so as the physical. They should offer special care to a child that is showing sings of disturbance on mental state. With warm actions educator is creating a relationship of trust and security that some children may not have at their home. Nowadays, stress is a regural part of adult life and adults tend to dream about being children again and going back to carefree days. However, research dealing with the ways in which children perceive situations often point out that children are also experiencing stress that can be suppressed as trauma. Familiy circumstances, social environment in kindergarten, global events all affect the lives of the youngest. People that are envolved in upbringing and education of a child should prioritize child's mental well-being because that effects other areas of development. The vary goal of this paper is to search for the activities in the field of sports and recreation that are intended to children experiencing major stress that can be transferred to trauma. It is important to support children through those activities and free them from the negative aspects of stress related experiences. The activity that relieves children to the greatest extent is play, for that reason if play is absent in some acitivity releasing tension, anxiousness and fear will not happen. Recreational activities offer abundance of play, which is carried out through various physical activities in nature and on fresh air, which significantly effects the releasing of stress and tension. In addition, physical activities are improving children's motor and functional abilities. In such games children are building trust, they are cooperating with their peers and becoming more open and socially competent, all of that makes a great deal of normal life functioning. Other methods such as mindfulness techniques, breathing technique, massages are also a part of recreational activities that easily and effortlessly teach children self-control, focusing on what is important, give children mental clarity and make them more resistant on stress. The mentioned activities should be taught not only after an unfavorable experience, but preferably daily in order to strengthen children and ease them future chalanges

    Linguistic-Communicative Competence of Primary School Students

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    Jezik je apstraktan sustav znakova koji ljudima služi za sporazumijevanje. Znanje jezika osnova je za usvajanje svih znanja, a komunikacijom jezik dobiva smisao. Komunikacijska kompetencija proizlazi iz usvajanja materinskoga jezika, a komunikacija na materinskome jeziku podrazumijeva poznavanje jezika, gramatičke te pravopisne i pravogovorne norme, značajki funkcionalnih stilova i komunikacije u različitim komunikacijskim situacijama. Pritom se usvajanje jezične norme, normativne gramatike i teorijskih pravila odnosi na lingvističku kompetenciju, a jezično sporazumijevanje praktičnom uporabom svih teorijskih znanja odnosi se na komunikacijsku kompetenciju. Noam Chomsky prvi je govorio o pojmu komunikacijske kompetencije, a nakon njega brojni su znanstvenici donosili nove teorije i zaključke o lingvističkoj i komunikacijskoj kompetenciji. Jezik je posebno važan u odgoju i obrazovanju djece gdje je jezik sredstvo svekolike komunikacije među sudionicima odgoja i obrazovanja kao i sredstvo kojim se odgaja i obrazuje, ali i sam predmet obrazovanja. Važan je za ukupni kurikul, a posebno za jezično-komunikacijsko područje. Osnovna je svrha jezično-komunikacijskoga područja osposobiti učenike za jezičnu recepciju, produkciju i interakciju. Provođenje jezičnih djelatnosti osnova je za svrhovito učenje jezika. Jezične djelatnosti su aktivnosti slušanja, govorenja, čitanja i pisanja koje olakšavaju usvajanje jezičnih sadržaja, a učitelj ih svojim pedagoškim i metodičkim znanjem treba na što efikasniji način uključiti u nastavu. Učitelj je učenicima govorni model i uzor, čime je važnost razvijenosti njegove jezično-komunikacijske kompetencije podignuta na visok stupanj. Proces poučavanja mora se temeljiti na razvoju komunikacijskih sposobnosti učenika jer razina učenikovih komunikacijskih sposobnosti dokazuje i uspješnost cijeloga odgojno-obrazovnoga procesa. Jezično-komunikacijska kompetencija razvija se od samoga rođenja, no polaskom u školu počinje sustavno učenje i ovladavanje njome. Veliku ulogu u učenju ima i udžbenik Hrvatskoga jezika, koji mora biti prilagođen stupnju učenikova jezičnoga i kognitivnoga razvoja te poticati učenikov jezični razvoj i komunikaciju. Pregledom udžbenika za Hrvatski jezik uočava se težnja autora da kod učenika metodičkim predlošcima, aktivnostima i zadacima razvijaju jezično-komunikacijsku kompetenciju i potiču ih na želju za usvajanjem jezika.Language is an abstract symbol system used for communication between people. Knowledge of language is the basis for acquiring all the knowledge, and language acquires meaning through communication. Communicative competence results from the acquisition of mother tongue, and communication in the mother tongue implies knowledge of the language, grammatical, orthographic and speech norms, features of functional styles and communication in different communication situations. The adoption of language norms, normative grammar and theoretical rules refers to linguistic competence, and linguistic communication through the practical use of all the theoretical knowledge refers to communicative competence. Noam Chomsky was the first to talk about the concept of communicative competence, and after him, numerous scientists came up with new theories and conclusions about linguistic and communicative competence. Language is important for upbringing and educationof children, where language is medium used for communication between all of the participants, as well as a medium by which pupils are being educated, but also the subject of education itself. It is important for the entire curriculum, and especially for the language communicativedomain. The basic purpose of the language communicativedomain is to train pupils for language reception, production and interaction. The basis for purposeful language learning is carrying out language activities. Language skills are listening, speaking, reading and writing activities that facilitate the acquisition of linguistic content, and the teacher should incorporate them into the teaching as efficiently as possible using his pedagogical and methodical knowledge. The teacher is a speech role model for the pupils, which raises the importance of the development of his language and communicative competence to a high levels. The teaching process must be based on the development of the pupil's communicative skills because the level of the pupil's communicative skills demonstrates the success of the entire educational process. Language and communicative competence develops since birth, but systematic learning and mastering of language begins by enrolling the school. The Croatian language textbook also has a major role in learning.That is why it must be adapted to the pupil's level of linguistic and cognitive development and it must encourage the pupil's language development and communication. By reviewing the Croatian language textbooks, one can see the author's desire to develop pupil's language and communicative competence with methodical templates, activities and tasks and to encourage them to learn the language

    Child's adaptation to the nursery

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    Ustanove za rani odgoj i obrazovanje djece u drugoj i trećoj godini života, tradicionalno zvane jaslice, provode zadaće odgoja, obrazovanja i zdravstvene zaštite djece te je sve veća potraga za njima zbog zaposlenosti obaju roditelja. Uključivanje u jaslice započinje prilagodbom, postupnim privikavanjem djeteta na odgojno-obrazovnu ustanovu u kojoj stvara socio-emocionalnu vezu s odgojiteljem koji mu pruža osjećaj sigurnosti i zaštite. Prilikom prilagodbe javljaju se razne dječje reakcije – plač, frustracija, strah, odbijanje interakcije, pasivnost te je taj period iznimno stresan za dijete, ali i za roditelje i odgojitelje koji mu mogu olakšati ili otežati cjelokupni proces. No, osim što se upisom dijete prilagođava na odgojno-obrazovnu ustanovu, i ustanova je dužna prilagoditi se djetetu, stoga odgojitelj snosi veliku odgovornost prilikom prilagodbe. Treba imati određena teorijska znanja i kompetencije za rad s djecom u drugoj i trećoj godini života, osigurati im kvalitetno prostorno-materijalno okruženje, fleksibilan ritam dana i kvalitetne socijalne interakcije, a uza sve to i biti emocionalno osjetljiv na dječje potrebe i signale. U radu je prikazan proces prilagodbe djeteta na jaslice, ali i na koji se način ustanova i odgojitelj mogu prilagoditi kako bi djetetu olakšali boravak u odgojno-obrazovnoj ustanovi.Early childhood education institutions for two-year-olds and three-year-olds, commonly known as nurseries, are responsible for the upbringing, education, and healthcare of children. The demand for nurseries has been steadily increasing due to the employment of both parents. The integration process in a nursery begins with gradually adapting the child to the educational institution, fostering a socio-emotional connection between the child and the educator, who provides a sense of security and protection. During the adaptation phase, children may exhibit various reactions, such as crying, frustration, fear, refusal to interact, or passivity. This period can be highly stressful for the child, as well as for the parents and educators who play a role in either facilitating or complicating the entire process. However, it is important to note that while the child is adapting to the educational institution, the institution itself also has a responsibility to adapt to the child. The educators bear significant responsibility during that process, requiring specific theoretical knowledge and competences for working with two-year-old and three-year-old children. This includes providing a high-quality spatial environment, establishing a flexible daily routine, fostering quality social interactions, and being emotionally sensitive to the needs and signals of the children. The paper aims to illustrate the process of child adaptation to the nursery while also highlighting how institutions and educators can adapt to facilitate a positive experience for the children during their time in an educational setting

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