University of Zagreb Faculty of Teacher Education - Digital repository

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    The painting of Dubrovnik colorists as an incentive in art class

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    U diplomskome radu pod nazivom „Slikarstvo dubrovačkih kolorista kao poticaj u nastavi Likovne kulture“ predstavljeni su dubrovački umjetnici Antun Masle, Ivo Dulčić i Đuro Pulitika. Uz kratki životopis i opis vremena u kojem su živjeli analiziraju se njihova najznačajnija djela. Ova tri umjetnika, iako različiti u svojim umjetničkim stilovima i pristupima, povezuje snažan osjećaj za boju. U analizi njihovih djela poseban naglasak stavljen je na izražajnu koloristiku i način korištenja boje, ne samo kao sredstva izraza, već i kao načina prenošenja emocionalnih i duhovnih sadržaja. Potom se iznosi slijed istraživanja čiji je cilj kroz proces istraživanja putem umjetničkog stvaralaštva otkriti na koje načine dubrovački slikari mogu biti poticaj i inspiracija učenicima u nastavi likovne kulture.Dubrovnik artists Antun Masle, Ivo Dulčić and Đuro Pulitika were presented in the master thesis entitled "Painting of Dubrovnik colorists as an incentive in the teaching of Fine Arts". Along with a short biography and a description of the time in which they lived; their most significant works are analyzed. These three artists, although different in their artistic styles and approaches, are connected by a strong sense of color. In the analysis of their works, special emphasis is placed on their expressive use of color and the way they utilize it, not only as a means of expression, but also as a way of conveying emotional and spiritual content. The study then presents a sequence of research aimed at discovering how, through the process of their own artistic creation, Dubrovnik painters can serve as a stimulus and inspiration for students in developing their own artistic expression in art education

    The Role of Language Games in Encouraging Language Activities of Listening and Speaking for Preschool Children

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    Četiri su osnovne jezične djelatnosti, a to su slušanje, govorenje, čitanje i pisanje. Usvajanje jezika započinje već u ranoj dobi slušanjem i oponašanjem odraslog, zatim dolazi do ponavljanja i razumijevanja kako bi se kasnije razvilo čitanje i pisanje. Čitanje i pisanje stječu se učenjem i zato spadaju u sekundarne jezi ne djelatnosti za razliku od slušanja i govorenja koje su osnovne. Djetetu se usvajanje govora može prenijeti isključivo osjetilom sluha i zato su nužni dobri govorni modeli. U tome veliku ulogu osim slušanja bajki, priča i poezija imaju igre, osobito didaktičke i jezične. Igrom se brže usvaja jezik i čini zanimljivijim, bitan je čimbenik djetetovog odrastanja i djeluje na njegov tjelesni, socioemocionalni, spoznajni i govorni razvoj te na sveobuhvatan razvoj ličnosti. Za igru se smatra da je jedan od prvih na ina učenja. Igrom djeca stječu svoja prva iskustva, znanja, sposobnosti, vještine i spoznaju svijet koji ih okružuje. Govor prevladava u dječjoj igri, njegovoj spoznaji i doticaju sa svime što ga okružuje te mu omogućuje iskazivanje misli, namjera, potreba, želja i stanja. Neizostavno je poticati aktivno govorenje djece međusobno zbog sve veće zastupljenosti društvenih mreža i komunikacije pisanim putem koja dovodi do oskudnog rječnika i lošije komunikacije. Jezične igre imaju veliku ulogu u poticanju govorenja u svakodnevnim situacijama. Cilj rada je istražiti utjecaj jezičnih igara u poticanju jezičnih djelatnosti slušanja i govorenja kod djece predškolske dobi. Analizom provedenog istraživanja rezultati su pokazali da je uloga jezičnih igara u poticanju slušanja i govorenja kod djece predškolske dobi od velikog značaja.There are four basic language activities, which are listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Language acquisition begins early with listening and imitating adults, followed by repetition and understanding, which later leads to the development of reading and writing. Reading and writing are acquired through learning and therefore belong to secondary language activities, unlike listening and speaking, which are primary. A child’s acquisition of speech can be transferred exclusively through the sense of hearing, so good speech models are necessary. In addition to listening to fairy tales, stories, and poetry, games, especially didactic and language games, play a significant role. Through play, language is acquired faster and made more interesting; it is a crucial factor in a child’s growth and affects their physical, socio-emotional, cognitive, and speech development, as well as the overall development of personality. Play is considered one of the first ways of learning. Through play, children gain their first experiences, knowledge, abilities, skills, and understand the world around them. Speech prevails in children’s play, its cognition, and interaction with everything around them, allowing them to express thoughts, intentions, needs, desires, and states. It is essential to encourage active speaking among children due to the increasing prevalence of social media and written communication, which leads to a limited vocabulary and poorer communication. Language games play a significant role in encouraging speaking in everyday situations. The goal of the paper is to investigate the impact of language games in encouraging language activities of listening and speaking in preschool children. The analysis of the conducted research showed that the role of language games in encouraging listening and speaking in preschool children is of great importance

    Audiobooks In Kindergarten

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    Audio priče postale su popularan medij u današnjem svijetu, pa tako su postale i popularne za korištenje u vrtićima zbog lagane dostupnosti na internetu. Audio priče u dječjem vrtiću nisu novost, te se skoro svaki odgojitelj susreo sa nekim tko koristi audio priče ili ih i sam koristi. Možemo ih pronaći na internetu, u knjižnicama, stranicama nekih vrtića, CD-ima i slično. Iako se u većini koriste prije spavanja ili za umirivanje, mogu biti dobar način za poticanje govora i rane pismenosti kod djece. Djetetu je potrebna poticajna okolina i dobar govorni model kako bi se pravilno razvio govor i pismenost te je potrebno pratiti njegov razvoj i uključivati ga u poticajne aktivnosti. Ipak, moderna tehnologija počela je utjecati na djetetov razvoj, pa tako i na razvoj govora i pismenosti. Sve više vrtićke djece koristi se pametnim telefonima, a komunikacija roditelja i djeteta sve je oskudnija. Zato je potrebna kvalitetna komunikacija između odgojitelja i djeteta te odgojiteljeva svijenost njegove uloge u djetetovom sveukupnom razvoju. Odgojitelj može potaknuti djetetov govor i pismenost kroz komunikaciju, čitanje priča i raznim aktivnostima i pravilnim korištenjem audio knjiga. Ovo istraživanje usmjereno je analizi učestalosti korištenja audio priča u dječjim vrtićima, odnosno, u kojoj mjeri koriste odgojitelji audio priče i kakva su njihova mišljenja o korištenju takvog medija. Za provođenje istraživanja korišten je upitnik u online obliku i intervju sa četiri različita odgojitelja. Većina odgojitelja koristi audio knjige u radu sa djecom i to najčešće koriste za umirivanje prije spavanja. Iako odgojitelji koriste audio knjige oni nisu upoznati sa pozitivnim i negativnim stranama audio priča ni mogućnošću korištenja audio knjige u različite svrhe osim uspavljivanja. Rezultati ukazuju da je odgojitelje potrebno više informirati o audio knjigama i kako ih poticajno koristiti.Audio books have become a popular medium in today’s world, so they have also become popular for use in kindergartens due to easy availability of a large amount of story books you can find on the Internet. Audio books in kindergarten are nothing new, and almost every preschool teacher has met someone that uses them, or they use them themselves. We can find them on the internet in libraries, on websites of some kindergartens, on CDs and etcetera. Although they are mostly used before bedtime or to calm down children, they can be a good way to encourage speech and early literacy in children. A child needs an encouraging environment and a great speech model in order to properly develop a child’s speech and literacy, it’s necessary to monitor their development and include them in motivating activities. However, modern technology has begun to affect the child’s development, including the development of speech and pre-reading abilities. Many preschool children are already using smartphones, and communication between parents and children is becoming scarcer. That is why quality communication between preschool teachers and children is needed, as well as teachers’ awareness of his role in the child’s overall development. The preschool teacher can encourage the child’s speech and literacy through communication, reading and other various activities and by properly using audio books. This research is aimed at analysing the frequency of use of audio books in kindergarten, that is, to what extent do educators use audio books and what are their opinions on the use of such media. An online questionnaire and an interview with four different preschool teachers were used to conduct the research. Most preschool teachers use audio books when working with children, and they mostly used it to calm them down before going to bed. Although preschool teachers use audio books, they are not familiar with positive and negative sides of audio books, nor the possibility of using audio books for different purposes other than using them before kids fall asleep. The results indicate that preschool teachers need to be better informed about audio books and how to use them to encourage child development

    Picture books that encourage emotional development and artistic expression in children of early and preschool age

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    U ovome radu istražit će se utjecaj slikovnica na emocionalni razvoj i likovni izraz. Odnosno, kako djeca istražuju likovne tehnike te kako prenose emocije u likovni rad. Slikovnica je prva knjiga s kojom se dijete susreće te ona djeluje na njegov cjelokupni razvoj pa tako i na emocionalni i likovni razvoj. Sve veći broj autora istražuje slikovnice te njihov utjecaj u životu djeteta. Detaljnije će se definirati slikovnica, funkcije te vrste slikovnica. Svaka slikovnica s kojom se dijete susreće treba biti kvalitetna kako bi imala pozitivan učinak. Nadalje, emocije su reakcije na događaje i podražaje iz okoline te se one javljaju vrlo rano u životu djeteta. Prema tome, detaljnije će se razmotriti emocije, vrste emocija te razvoj emocija kod djece. Osim toga, u ovome radu spominje se i dječji likovni izraz. Razmotrit će se likovno stvaralaštvo kod djece te faze dječjeg likovnog stvaralaštva. Praktični dio ovog rada prikazuje nam kako djeca odabiru likovne tehnike u prenošenju emocija u likovni rad. Dobit ćemo uvid u to kako djeca prenose emociju sreće i ljutnje na papir te koje boje utječu na njihovo viđenje spomenutih emocija.This paper will investigate the influense od picturebooks on emotional development and artistic expression. That is, how children explore art tehniques and how they tranfser emotions into art work. A picturebook is the first book a child encounters and it affects his overall development, including emotional and artistic development. An increasing number of authors are investigating picturebooks and their influence in a child's life. The picturebook, functions, and types of picturebooks will be defined in more detail. Every picturebook that a child encounters should be od good quality in order to have a positive effect. Furthermore, emotions are reactions to events and stimuli form the environment, and they appear very early in a child's life. Therefore, emotions, types od emotions and the development of emotions in children will be considered in more detail. In addition, this paper also mentions children's artistic expression. Art creation in children and the stages of children's art creation will be considered. The practical part of this paper show us how children choose art tehniques in transferring emotions to art work. We will get an insight into how children transfer the emotion of happines and anger to paper and which colors affect their perception of said emotions

    The role of educators in creating a stimulating environment in an educational institution

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    U odgojno-obrazovnoj ustanovi odgojitelji stvaraju poticajno unutarnje i vanjsko materijalno-prostorno okruženje te organiziraju cjelokupan odgojno-obrazovni rad. Odgojitelj organizira poticajno okruženje kako bi zadovoljio sve dječje potrebe i kako bi kod djece poticao socijalni, emocionalni, spoznajni i motorički razvoj te razvoj komunikacije i govora. Odgojitelj u okruženju njeguje dječje interese i sposobnosti te dijete u svakom trenutku potiče i podržava u raznim organiziranim aktivnostima i u slobodnoj igri. Soba dnevnog boravka organizirana je i podijeljena u centre aktivnosti koje odgojitelj uređuje, mijenja, prilagođava, a ono najvažnije jest da osigurava dovoljan broj raznolikih poticajnih materijala i sredstava koja mogu omogućiti dječje istraživanje i igru. Materijali i sredstva u centrima aktivnosti trebaju biti sigurni, otvoreni, multifunkcionalni, raznovrsni, dobno primjereni, estetski prihvatljivi, lako dostupni te djeci zanimljivi kako bi potakli djecu na istraživanje i što duže zadržali njihovu pažnju. Centri aktivnosti raspoređeni su u sobi dnevnog boravka ovisno o uvjetima koje svaki centar zahtjeva kao što je odvojenost glasnih i tihih centara, blizina sanitarnog čvora te blizina prozora radi prirodnog svjetla. Ovaj rad detaljno objašnjava i opisuje zašto je vrtić zajednica koja u i te koja je važnost učenja djece u odgojno-obrazovnoj ustanovi. Prikazuje se kako se soba dnevnog boravka i izbor materijala razlikuju u tradicionalnom i suvremenom odgojnom pristupu, kako izgleda unutarnje okruženje odgojno-obrazovne ustanove odnosno soba dnevnog boravka, kako se trebaju urediti centri aktivnosti i što svaki pojedini centar aktivnosti treba sadržavati. Rad prikazuje i važnost vanjskog okruženja, što sve ono može ponuditi djeci, kako utječe na njih i kakve uloge odgojitelj ima u vanjskom okruženju. Prikazuje se i primjer tlocrta sobe dnevnog boravka i što on sve sadrži. Također se u radu objašnjava koja je važnost odgojitelja u poticanju zajedništva, samostalnosti, istraživanja, stvaranja kulture grupe te osiguravanju dobrobiti djece predškolske dobi u odgojno-obrazovnim ustanovama.In an educational institution, educators create a stimulating internal and external material-spatial environment and organize the entire educational work. The educator organizes a stimulating environment to satisfy all children's needs and to encourage children's social, emotional, cognitive and motor development as well as the development of communication and speech. The educator in the environment nurtures the children's interests and abilities and at all times encourages and supports the child in various organized activities and free play. The room in a preschool is organized and divided into activity centers that the educator arranges, changes, adapts, and most importantly ensures a sufficient number of diverse stimulating materials and resources that can enable children's exploration and play. Materials and resources in activity centers should be safe, open, multifunctional, diverse, age-appropriate, aesthetically acceptable, easily accessible and interesting for children to encourage them to explore and keep their attention span as long as possible. The activity centers are arranged in the room depending on the conditions that each center requires, such as the separation of loud and quiet centers, the proximity of the sanitary facilities and the proximity of windows for natural light. This paper explains and describes in detail why is preschool a learning community and what is the importance of children's learning in an educational institution. The paper shows how the room in preschool and the choice of materials differ in traditional and modern educational approaches, what the internal environment of an educational institution looks like, how the activity centers should be arranged and what each activity center should contain. The paper also shows the importance of the external environment, what it can offer to children, how it affects them and what role the educator has in the external environment. An example of the floor plan of a room in a preschool and what it contains is also shown. The paper also explains the importance of educators in fostering togetherness, independence, research, creating a group culture, and ensuring the well-being of preschool children in educational institutions

    The influence of physical activity on the cognitive development of children

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    Tjelesna aktivnost ima značajan utjecaj na kognitivni razvoj djece predškolske dobi, pogotovo u poboljšanju pažnje, memorije i izvršnih funkcija. Istraživanje je provedeno u suradnji s predškolskim ustanovama u Hrvatskoj, gdje su analizirani učinci različitih vrsta tjelesne aktivnosti, uključujući slobodnu igru i strukturirane fizičke aktivnosti. Rezultati istraživanja, koji uključuju kvantitativne podatke prikupljene kroz standardizirane testove kognitivnih funkcija i kvalitativne povratne informacije od nastavnika i roditelja, pokazali su da tjelesna aktivnost značajno poboljšava pažnju, memoriju i izvršne funkcije kod djece. Na primjer, djeca koja su redovito sudjelovala u tjelesnim aktivnostima pokazala su poboljšanja u testovima pažnje za 20% i u memorijskim testovima za 15% u usporedbi s djecom koja nisu imala redovite tjelesne aktivnosti. Osim toga, analiza socijalnih i emocionalnih benefita tjelesne aktivnosti otkrila je poboljšanje socijalnih vještina i smanjenje simptoma anksioznosti. U zaključku, rad pruža preporuke za integraciju tjelesne aktivnosti u predškolske kurikulume, s ciljem unapređenja kognitivnog razvoja djece i predlaže strategije za daljnja istraživanja i praksu u predškolskim ustanovama.This paper explores the impact of physical activity on the cognitive development of preschool-aged children, focusing on attention, memory, and executive functions. The research was conducted in collaboration with preschools in Croatia, where the effects of various types of physical activities, including free play and structured physical exercises, were analyzed. The study results, including quantitative data collected through standardized cognitive function tests and qualitative feedback from teachers and parents, indicate that physical activity significantly improves children's attention, memory, and executive functions. For example, children who regularly participated in physical activities showed a 20% improvement in attention tests and a 15% improvement in memory tests compared to children who did not engage in regular physical activity. Additionally, the analysis of the social and emotional benefits of physical activity revealed enhancements in social skills and a reduction in symptoms of anxiety. In conclusion, the paper recommends integrating physical activity into preschool curricula to enhance children's cognitive development. It suggests strategies for further research and practice in preschool settings

    Art in Kindergartens with Religious Education

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    Likovnost igra ključnu ulogu u cjelokupnom razvoju djeteta, pružajući mu sredstva za izražavanje, istraživanje i razumijevanje svijeta oko sebe. Ona potiče kreativno razmišljanje, estetsku osjetljivost, kulturnu svijest i izražajne vještine. U dječjim vrtićima, likovne aktivnosti omogućuju djeci da istražuju i razvijaju svoje sposobnosti na različite načine. Teorijski dio rada ukazuje na ulogu i značaj likovnog izražavanja u dječjim vrtićima općenito, a potom i u dječjim vrtićima s vjerskim odgojem. U dječjim vrtićima s vjerskim odgojem, likovno stvaralaštvo ne samo da potiče kreativnost i razvoj djece, već i integrira vjerske vrijednosti i tematske sadržaje koji su važni za djetetov duhovni rast. U radu se spominju načini na koji se likovne aktivnosti mogu integrirati s vjerskim temama i motivima te pridonijeti cjelokupnom razvoju djece, uključujući njihov kognitivni, emocionalni, socijalni i duhovni rast. Nadalje, u radu se prikazuju razvojne faze dječjeg likovnog izražavanja, uloga odgojitelja kod stvaralaštva djeteta koja je od iznimne važnosti, povezanost likovnosti i vjerskog odgoja, bogatstvo crkvene umjetnosti te religiozne teme i motivi u likovnoj umjetnosti. Drugi dio diplomskog rada sadržava likovne aktivnosti koje su s djecom sprovele odgojiteljice iz tri vrtića: DV svete Male Terezije (Vrhovec), DV svetog Josipa (Granešina) i DV "Leptir" (Sesvete). Prikazani su dječji radovi s vjerskim motivima i temama, oni ne prikazuju samo djetetovu kreativnost i imaginaciju, već i njihovu emocionalnu i duhovnu povezanost s vjerskim sadržajem koji ih okružuje u njihovom životnom svijetu i odgoju.Art plays a key role in a child's overall development, providing him with the means to express himself, explore and understand the world around him. It encourages creative thinking, aesthetic sensitivity, cultural awareness and expressive skills. In kindergartens, art activities allow children to explore and develop their abilities in different ways. The theoretical part of the paper indicates the role and significance of artistic expression in kindergartens in general, and then also in kindergartens with religious education. In kindergartens with religious education, art not only encourages children's creativity and development, but also integrates religious values and thematic content that are important for the child's spiritual growth. The paper mentions the ways in which artistic activities can be integrated with religious themes and motifs and contribute to the overall development of children, including their cognitive, emotional, social and spiritual growth. Furthermore, the paper presents the developmental stages of children's artistic expression, the role of educators in the child's creativity, which is extremely important, the connection between art and religious education, the wealth of church art, and religious themes and motifs in fine art. The second part of the thesis contains art activities conducted with the children by teachers from three kindergartens: DV sveta Mala Terezija (Vrhovec), DV st. Josip (Granešina) and DV "Butterfly" (Sesvete). Children's works with religious motifs and themes are shown, they show not only the child's creativity and imagination, but also their emotional and spiritual connection with the religious content that surrounds them in their life world and upbringing

    Preschool teacher's motivation for working with potentially gifted children

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    Još uvijek se malo govori o brizi za potencijalno darovitu djecu. Premda se sve više prepoznaju dobrobiti ranog prepoznavanja i intervencije u radu, još uvijek ne postoji sustavan rad odgojitelja s potencijalno darovitom djecom u svim ustanovama ranog i predškolskog odgoja i obrazovanja. Motivacija u radu važna je za kvalitetno obavljanje posla. Stoga je cilj ovog rada bio ispitati različite aspekte motivacije odgojitelja za rad s potencijalno darovitom djecom. Točnije, cilj je bio istražiti povezanost zadovoljenja temeljnih psiholoških potreba (autonomije, povezanosti i kompetencije) te povezanost životnih ciljeva (intrinzičnih i ekstrinzičnih orijentacija) s procjenom samoefikasnosti odgojitelja za rad s potencijalno darovitom djecom. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 75 odgojiteljica ranog i predškolskog odgoja i obrazovanja iz 18 gradova Republike Hrvatske. Za provjeru hipoteza korištena su tri mjerna instrumenta: Skala zadovoljenja temeljnih psiholoških potreba povezanih s poslom, Upitnik životnih ciljeva i Skala učinkovitosti u zadovoljenju individualnih potreba djeteta. Korelacijskom analizom u ovom istraživanju utvrđeno je da su procjene zadovoljenja svih triju temeljnih psiholoških potreba pozitivno i statistički značajno povezane s procjenom samoefikasnosti odgojitelja za rad s potencijalno darovitom djecom. Zadovoljenje potrebe za kompetencijom je među trima potrebama najviše povezano s procjenom samoefikasnosti odgojitelja za rad s potencijalno darovitom djecom. Također, u ovom istraživanju utvrđena je pozitivna i statistički značajna pozitivna povezanost životnih ciljeva koji su intrinzično orijentirani (zajednica, odnosi, zdravlje i razvoj) sa samoefikasnosti odgojitelja za rad s potencijalno darovitom djecom, dok ekstrinzične životne orijentacije (izgled, status i financijski uspjeh) nisu bile statistički značajno povezane sa samoefikasnosti odgojitelja u rad s potencijalno darovitom djecom. Zaključno, samoefikasnost odgojitelja za rad s potencijalno darovitom djecom pozitivno je povezana sa zadovoljenjem temeljnih psiholoških potreba i intrinzično orijentiranim ciljevima koje želi postići u životu.The topic of caring for potentially gifted children is still poorly represented. Although the benefits of early identification and intervention are increasingly recognized, there is still no systematic work with potentially gifted children in all early childhood education and care institutions in Croatia. Motivation at work is important for quality work performance. Therefore, the aim of this research was to explore different aspects of preschool teacher's motivation for working with potentially gifted children. More precisely, the aim was to investigate the relationship between the satisfaction of basic psychological needs (autonomy, relatedness, and competence) and life goals (intrinsic and extrinsic) with the preschool teacher's self-efficacy for working with potentially gifted children. 75 preschool teachers from 18 cities in the Republic of Croatia participated in this research. Three scales were used to test the hypotheses: Work Related Basic Need Satisfaction Scale, Aspiration Index, and Self-efficacy in relations to specific child. Correlation analysis in this research indicated that satisfaction of all three basic psychological needs were positively and statistically significantly related to the preschool teacher's self-efficacy for working with potentially gifted children. The need for competence, among the three needs, was the most strongly related to the preschool teacher's self-efficacy for working with potentially gifted children. Also, there was a positive and statistically significant positive relationship of life goals that are intrinsically oriented (community, relationships, health and development) to the preschool teacher's self-efficacy for working with potentially gifted children, while extrinsic life orientations (appearance, status, and material success) were not statistically significantly related. In conclusion, the preschool teacher's self-efficacy for working with potentially gifted children is positively related to the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and intrinsically oriented goals that he wants to achieve in life

    Posing word tasks and problems in mathematics education

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    Matematika je jedan od školskih predmeta koji ima ključnu ulogu u obrazovanju učenika jer, između ostaloga, razvija sposobnost primjene znanja u svakodnevnom životu, osobito kroz rad s tekstualnim zadatcima. Ovaj diplomski rad istražuje postojeće teorijske pristupe vezane uz sastavljanje tekstualnih zadataka i problema u matematičkoj edukaciji, te uspoređuje zaključke iz pregleda literature sa smjernicama hrvatskog kurikuluma za matematiku. Tekstualni zadatci su prepoznati kao ključno sredstvo za razvijanje matematičke i jezične pismenosti. Iako rješavanje matematičkih zadataka i problema ima dugogodišnju tradiciju u obrazovnom procesu, sustavno sastavljanje takvih zadataka često je zanemareno, posebice u pripremi budućih učitelja. Cilj ovoga rada je istražiti važnost sastavljanja zadataka, naglasiti njezine dobrobiti te identificirati izazove s kojima se učitelji suočavaju pri sastavljanju zadataka, kao i istražiti u kojoj je mjeri ta aktivnost prepoznata i integrirana u hrvatski obrazovni sustav. Kroz detaljnu analizu raznih vrsta matematičkih i tekstualnih zadataka te njihovih faza rješavanja, istražuje se uloga učitelja u kreiranju kvalitetnih zadataka i problema. Glavni izazovi u ovom području povezani su s nedostatkom matematičkog znanja, iskustva, jezičnih kompetencija i samopouzdanja. Iako su prepoznate mnoge prednosti ove aktivnosti, poput razvoja kreativnosti, jezičnih vještina i samostalnosti u učenju, analiza hrvatskog kurikuluma otkriva da sastavljanje zadataka još uvijek nije prepoznato kao važna aktivnost u hrvatskom obrazovnom sustavu. Zaključak rada naglašava potrebu za većom integracijom ove aktivnosti u obrazovne programe te za poboljšanjem vještina učitelja kroz ciljane obuke i podršku, čime bi se značajno unaprijedilo matematičko obrazovanje u Hrvatskoj.Mathematics is one of the school subjects which has a key role in student education because, among other things, it develops the ability to apply knowledge in everyday life, especially throughout working with word problems. This master’s thesis explores existing theoretical approaches related to the posing of word tasks and problems in mathematics education, and compares conclusions from a literature review with the guidelines of the Croatian mathematics curriculum. Word problems are recognized as a key tool for developing both mathematical and linguistic literacy. Although solving mathematical tasks and problems has a long tradition in the educational process, the systematic posing of such tasks is often neglected, particularly in the preparation of future teachers. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the importance of posing tasks, highlight its benefits, and identify the challenges teachers face when posing tasks, as well as to explore the extent to which this activity is recognized and integrated into the Croatian educational system. Throughout a detailed analysis of various types of mathematical and word problems and their stages of solving, the role of teachers in creating high-quality tasks and problems is explored. The main challenges in this field are related to a lack of mathematical knowledge, experience, linguistic competencies and confidence. Although many advantages of this activity have been recognized, such as the development of creativity, language skills, and independence in learning, an analysis of the Croatian curriculum reveals that posing tasks is still not recognized as an important activity in the Croatian educational system. The conclusion of this thesis emphasizes the need for greater integration of this activity into educational programs and for improving teachers' skills through targeted training and support, which would significantly enhance mathematics education in Croatia

    The child's adaptation to the nursery and attachment to parents

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    Polazak u jaslice djetetu predstavlja nepoznanicu pred koju dolazi sa strahom. Ulazi u novo okruženje s nepoznatim ljudima koji će se brinuti o njemu te upoznaje novu djecu s kojom će provoditi vrijeme. Mora se prilagoditi novom ritmu dana, novim pravilima te novoj prehrani. Reakcija djece na ovaj proces se očituje kroz plakanje, separacijsku anksioznost, odbijanje odgojitelja, igre, hrane. U tom periodu zbog slabijeg imuniteta, djeca su sklonija razvitku različitih bolesti koje im također otežavaju boravak u jaslicama. Zbog tih razloga, roditelji često teško prihvaćaju i teže se prilagođavaju situacijama u kojima njihovo dijete plače i obolijeva. Ovaj rad je pisan s ciljem da se izlože postupci odgojitelja koji će olakšati proces prilagodbe djetetu i njegovim roditeljima te s ciljem promišljanja kako tip privrženosti koji je prisutan u odnosu roditelja i djeteta utječe na djetetovu prilagodbu. Dijete će se uspješnije prilagoditi jaslicama ako odgojitelj adekvatno i pravovremeno odgovara na njegove potrebe, mirno, strpljivo i blago razgovara s njime te se prema djetetu odnosi s poštovanjem. Odgojitelj djetetu može stvoriti sigurno i poticajno okruženje u kojem će se dijete osjećati opušteno te će bezbrižno moći istraživati novu okolinu. Odgojitelj također s roditeljima stvara partnerski odnos pun povjerenja, strpljenja, komunikacije i kompromisa koji ima velik utjecaj na bolji rast i razvoj djeteta. Roditelji ili staratelji koji su tijekom razdoblja ranog razvoja adekvatno i pravovremeno odgovarali na djetetove potrebe, s djetetom će izgraditi sigurnu privrženost, osigurat će time njegovu lakšu prilagodbu na jaslice kao i pozitivan utjecaj na izgradnju budućih partnerskih veza u životu djeteta.Going to the nursery represents the unknown for the child, which they approaches with fear. He enters a new environment with unknown people who will take care of him and meets new children with whom he will spend time. He has to adapt to the new rhythm of the day, new rules and new diet. Children's reaction to this process is manifested through crying, separation anxiety, rejection of educators, games, food. During this period, due to weaker immunity, children are more prone to developing various diseases that also make it difficult for them to stay in the nursery. For these reasons, parents often have a hard time accepting and adapting to situations in which their child cries and gets sick. This paper was written with the aim of presenting the actions of educators that will facilitate the process of adaptation to the child and his parents, and how the type of attachment present in the parent-child relationship affects the child's adaptation. The child will adapt more successfully to the nursery if the educator responds adequately and timely to his needs and speaks calmly, patiently and gently to him and treats the child with respect. The educator can create a safe and stimulating environment for the child in which the child will feel relaxed and will be able to explore the new environment carefree. The educator also creates a partnership with the parents full of trust, patience, communication and compromise, which has a great impact on the better growth and development of the child. In this process, the parents' task is to spend a lot of quality time with the child and to adequately and timely respond to the child's needs. These procedures will result in the creation of a safe type of child attachment that will facilitate the child's process of adaptation to the nursery and will have a positive impact on his future relationships with partners

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