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Significance of social competency and friendship quality as a predictor to quality of adolescent school life
No full textOvo istraživanje imalo je za cilj ispitati kako adolescenti (6.- 8. razreda) opažaju vlastite socijalne kompetencije, kvalitetu prijateljstva i kvalitetu školskoga života te u kojoj mjeri socijalne kompetencije i kvaliteta prijateljstva doprinose objašnjenju kvalitete školskoga života. U istraživanju je ukupno sudjelovalo 1009 učenika iz 14 osnovnih škola Grada Zagreba i Zagrebačke županije. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali kako postoji pozitivna povezanost između nekih specifičnih aspekata kvalitete školskoga života i socijalne kompetencije te s kvalitetom prijateljstva. Analiza podataka pokazala je kako su adolescentice kompetentnije u emocionalnoj regulaciji, samoprocjenjuju prijateljske odnose kvalitetnijima, ali su slabije integrirane, izražavaju više neugodnih emocija vezanih uz školu te svoje prosocijalne komunikacijske vještine procjenjuju slabijima u odnosu na adolescente. Rezultati su također pokazali kako učenici šestog razreda pozitivnije procjenjuju vlastite socijalne kompetencije, kvalitetu prijateljstva i pozitivne aspekte kvalitete školskoga života u odnosu na učenike sedmog i osmog razreda. Uvidom u rezultate istraživanja može se zaključiti kako su učenici boljih zaključnih ocjena iz Hrvatskog i Engleskog jezika te Matematike pozitivnije procijenili vlastite socijalne kompetencije, kvalitetu prijateljstva te su općenito zadovoljniji školom. Također, rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na to kako učenici koji nemaju braće i sestara manifestiraju više neugodnih emocija vezanih uz školu.In the Croatian scientific and research area it is noticible a limited number of researches on the quality of school life. Leonard (2002) defines the phenomenon of the quality of school life as a set of positive and negative affective experiences resulting from all educational school experiences. Researches on the quality of school life is extremely useful for all participants of the educational system because they can improve certain aspects of the educational system. Also, Ferdosipour & Mousavi (2020) point out that the quality of school life affects on general life satisfaction and is reflected in other areas of life.
There are numerous factors that influence on the quality of school life, and some of them are: class teaching atmosphere (Mok & Flynn 2002), educational experiences of student during the teaching process in the classroom (Kong, 2008), interpersonal relationships of individuals which make school enviroment (Ferdosipur & Mousavi, 2020) and some individual student characteristics such as the development of social competence (Fejzić, 2017). Modern times social competence presents as one of the most important life competences which is aimed at the personal and professional growth o fan individual. The importance of the development of certain aspects of social competence is even more expressed in the period of adolescence, when interpersonal relationships with peers are extremely important for cognitive, social and emotional development.
The aim of this research was to examine how adolescents observe their own social competences, the quality of friendship and the quality of school life, and to what extent social competences and the quality of friendship contribute to the explanation of the quality of school life. Empirical quantitative research method was used in the research and the dana was collected using paper-pencil method. A total of 1009 sixth, seventh and eighth grade students from 14 elementary schools in the City of Zagreb and Zagreb County participated in the research. As the research participants are students from sixth to eight grade of elementary school, all stages of the research took place in accordance with the guidelines of the Ethical Standards for Research with Children (2020) and with the prior consent of parents/guardians. The dana was collected in the period from December 12, 2022 to May 9, 2023, exclusively during Headroom teacher class with prior agreement with Headroom teachers of individual classes. Social demographic characteristics of the participants included gender, grade, age, final grades of the previous school year from Croatian, Mathematics and English and information wheter and how many siblings they have. The research results showed that there is a postive connection between some specific aspects of
the quality of school life (Preparation for the future, Social integration, School achievement and Teachers with both dimensions of social competence and with the quality of friendship).
Furthermore, the research found that female adolescents achieved higher values on the scale of friendship quality, preparation for the future and skills of emotional regulation compared to male adolescents and a higher score on the factor of negative feelings towards school and a lower score on Social integration and Prosocial communication skills.
The results also showed that the students of the sixth grade evaluate their own social competences, the quality of friendship and positive aspects of the qualiry of school life more positively than the students of the seventh and eighth grades. By seeing the results of the research we can conclude that students with better final grades in Croatian, English and Mathematics evaluate more positively their own social competence, quality of friednship, general satisfaction with school and specific domains of the quality of school life. By analyzing the research results it can be determined that students who do not have siblings manifest more unpleasant emotions related to school.
The stated knowledge of this research can serve as a kind of foundation to future research on the quality of school life and as a guidelines to Holders of educational policy for building a school culture in which students will feel satisfied, successful and accepted
Past And Present Of Kindergarten Cvrčak In Virovitica
No full textDječji vrtić se definira kao okolina u kojoj se djeca igraju, uče, druže i žive, a uz obiteljsko okruženje predstavlja najbitniju komponentu odgoja i obrazovanja djece od treće do pete godine. Prvi puta se spominje u Njemačkoj, gdje je Friedrich Fröbel prvi predstavio ideju o konceptu dječjih vrtića. Danas predstavlja odgojno obrazovnu ustanovu koja djeluje unutar odgojnoobrazovnog sustava i osigurava odgoj i obrazovanje djece predškolske dobi izvan obiteljskog okruženja. Načela rada i organizacije su se mijenjala tijekom povijesti, a ciljevi rada bili su osigurati prigodno okruženje za rast i razvoj djece, poticati razvoj tjelesnih i psihičkih vještina i usvajanje zdravih životnih navika. Metode i učenje, ciljevi, vrijednosti i orijentacija rada u dječjim
vrtićima definirani su kurikulumom. Početak razvoja dječjih vrtića u Hrvatskoj proizlazi iz osnivanja institucija u prostorima crkvenih redova, koje su bile namijenjene djeci bez roditeljske skrbi. Prvi dječji vrtić u Hrvatskoj osnovan je u Zagrebu pod nazivom Dječje zabavište. Povijesni razvoj dječjih vrtića u Hrvatskoj prikazan je u tri najvažnija djela, od kojih se Rukovođ za zabavište i danas smatra najvažnijim djelom u ovom području pedagogije. Prvo Zabavište u Virovitici otvoreno je 1892. godine, a danas se naziva Dječji vrtić Cvrčak. Ovaj vrtić je jedan od najstarijih vrtića na području Hrvatske. Odgojno-obrazovni programi se provode u pet objekata i pohađa ga oko 500 djece. Vrtić je u nadležnosti Grada, a njegovo je djelovanje usmjereno na njegu i skrb za tjelesni razvoj djece i odgojno-obrazovni rad djece prije polaska u osnovnu školu
Jacques Maritain And His Educational Themes
No full textJacques Maritain je bio značajan neotomistički filozof čije su ideje o odgoju utjecale na suvremene obrazovne teorije. Njegova filozofija odgoja temelji se na integralnom humanizmu, koji naglašava cjeloviti razvoj osobe uključujući intelektualne, moralne, estetske i duhovne aspekte. Maritain vjeruje da obrazovanje treba razvijati sve ljudske potencijale, a ne samo prenositi znanje i vještine. Maritain ističe vaţnost slobode i odgovornosti u obrazovanju, smatrajući da obrazovanje mora učenike pripremiti za slobodan i odgovoran ţivot. Kritički pristup odgoju, koji potiče učenike na samostalno razmišljanje i preispitivanje postojećih uvjerenja, takoĎer je ključan element njegove filozofije. Maritain kritizira suvremene obrazovne sustave koji se fokusiraju na utilitaristički pristup, naglašavajući da obrazovanje treba uključivati moralne i duhovne aspekte. Njegov personalizam stavlja pojedinca u središte obrazovnog procesa, prepoznajući jedinstvene talente, potrebe i potencijale svakog učenika. Maritainov idealan učitelj nije samo prenositelj znanja, već i vodič koji pomaţe učenicima u razvoju njihovog intelektualnog, morlanog i duhovnog potencijala. Učitelji trebaju integrirati intelektualni, morlani i duhovni razvoj u svoj nastavni plan i poticati učenike na kritičko mišljenje (ĐorĎević, 1990). Maritainova vizija obrazovanja za demokraciju i graĎanski angaţman takoĎer je značajan. On vjeruje da obrazovanje treba pripremiti pojedince za aktivno i odgovorno sudjelovanje u društvu, promičući pravdu, bratstvo i zajedničko dobro. Njegove ideje su inspirirale brojne obrazovne programe i škole diljem svijeta, koji teţe stvaranju inkluzivnih zajednica i potiču cjeloviti rast učenika. Iako se suočava s kritikama zbog prekomjernog naglašavanja duhovne dimenzije i općenitih filozofskih pristupa, Maritainova filozofija ostaje relevantna. Njegov holistički pristup obrazovanju, koji integrira intelektualni, moralni i duhovni razvoj, pruţa dragocjene smjernice za oblikovanje suvremenih obrazovnih sustava. Maritainova vizija obrazovanja kao sredstva za razvoj cjelovitih, odgovornih i moralnih pojedinaca nudi putokaz za stvaranje pravednijeg i humanijeg društva.Jacques maritain was a significant neo-Thomist philosopher whose idea on education have influenced contemporary educational theories. His philosophy of education is based on integral humanism, which emphasizes the holistic development of the person, including intellectual, moral, aesthetic, and spiritual aspects. Maritain believes that education should develop all human potential, not just transmit knowledge and skills. Maritain emphasizes the importance of freedom and responsibility in education, considering that education must prepare students for a free and responsible life. A critical approach to education, which encourages students to think independently and re-evalute existing beliefs, is also a crucial element of his philosophy. Maritain criticizes contemporary educational system that focus on a utilitarian approach, emphasizing that education should include moral and spiritual aspects. His personalism places the individual at the center of the educational process, recognising the unique talents, needs, and potentials of each student. Maritain's ideal teacher is not only a transmitter of knowledge, but also a guide who helps students develop their intellectual, moral and spiritual potential. Teachers should integrate intellectual, moral, and spiritual development into their curriculum and encourage students to think critically. Maritain's vision of education for democracy and civil engagement is also significant. He believes that education should prepare individuals for active and responsible participation in society, promoting justice, fraternity, and the common good. His ideas have inspired numerous educational programs and schools worldwide, which strive to create inclusive communities and encourage holistic student growth. Despite facing criticism for an excessive emphasis on the spritual dimension and general philosophical approaches, Maritain's philosophy remains relevant. His holistic approach to education, which integrates intellectual, moral, and spiritual development, provides valuable guidelines for shaping contemporary educational systems. Maritain's vision of education as a means for developing well-rounded, responsible, and moral individuals offers a pathway for creating a more just and humane society
Reading To Children At An Early Age As A Stimulus For Language And Speech Development
No full textJezični i govorni razvoj djeteta složen je proces koji se smatra socijalnim fenomenom, a razvija se isključivo u uvjetima ljudskog okružja. Najveću ulogu u razvoju govora ima djetetova obitelj, roditelji. Čimbenici koji dodatno utječu na jezični i govorni razvoj su odgojitelji i djetetova okolina. Čitanje u ranoj dobi jedan je od ključnih poticaja za razvoj govora. Čitanjem utječemo na spoznajni svijet djeteta, razvoj jezika i govora, razvija se sposobnost pamćenja, obogaćujemo rječnik djeteta te zadovoljavamo djetetovu potrebu za nečim novim. Jednako tako, čitanje ima višestruke učinke na socio-emocionalni razvoj. Slikovnica kao prva knjiga s kojom se dijete susreće, ima važnu ulogu i utjecaj na jezičnogovorni razvoj. Temljna svrha i cilj ovog rada bilo je ispitati navike i stavove roditelja o čitanju djeci u ranoj dobi i saznati koliko često i na koji način čitaju svojoj djeci. Istraživanje je provedeno putem online obrasca – upitnika u kojem je sudjelovalo 130 roditelja djece rane i predškolske dobi. Istraživanjem se utvrdilo da kod većine roditelja postoji navika čitanja djeci, ali u različitom intenzitetuLanguage and speech development of a child is a complex process that is considered a social phenomenon, and it develops exclusively in the conditions of the human environment. The child's family, the parents, play the biggest role in speech development. Factors that additionally influence language and speech development are educators and the child's environment. Reading at an early age is one of the key stimuli for speech development. By reading, we influence the cognitive world of the child, the development of language and speech, the ability to remember develops, we enrich the child's vocabulary and satisfy the child's need for something new. Likewise, reading has multiple effects on socio-emotional development. The picture book, as the first book a child encounters, has an important role and influence on language and speech development. The fundamental purpose and goal of this work was to examine the habits and attitudes of parents about reading to children at an early age and to find out how often and in what way they read to their children. The research was conducted using an online form - a questionnaire in which 130 parents of early and preschool children participated. The research revealed that the majority of parents have a habit of reading to their children, but with varying intensity
Gender differences in the nutritional status of preschool children
No full textAntropometrijske karakteristike su dio antropoloških obilježja koja su odgovorna za dinamiku rasta i razvoja ljudskog tijela. U ta obilježja se ubrajaju povećanje tjelesne visine i mase tijela, promjena građe, proporcija, sastava tijela i različitih sustava. Na uhranjenost predškolske djece utječu razni faktori, neki od njih su sama prehrana djeteta, sport i tjelesna aktivnost te u današnje vrijeme sve više i tehnologija. Djeca predškolske dobi prolaze kroz različite faze kognitivnog i motoričkog razvoja te s pomoću ovih karakteristika može se pratiti njihov rast i razvoj što može poslužiti kao indikator zdravlja i stanja uhranjenosti djeteta. Cilj ovog završnog rada je utvrditi stanje uhranjenosti predškolske djece ispitivanjem antropometrijskih karakteristika i vidjeti postoje li razlike u stanju uhranjenosti između djevojčica i dječaka. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 30 predškolske djece (15 djevojčica i 15 dječaka) u dobi od 5 do 6 godina, a mjerena im je visina, težina, opseg struka, opseg bokova, kožni nabor leđa i nadlaktice iz čega su izračunati još WHR indeks i postotak tjelesne masti. Dobiveni rezultati deskriptivne statistike pokazuju kako je najveći postotak normalno uhranjene djece. Kod dječaka dobiven je nešto viši postotak (93 %) nego u slučaju djevojčica (80 %). Manji postotci odnose se na prekomjerno tešku djecu, taj postotak za djevojčice je veći u donosu na dječake i iznosi 20 %. Najvažnije je da kod oba spola nema pothranjene, ni pretile djece. T-test analizom za svaku pojedinu mjerenu varijablu željele su se utvrditi statistički značajne razlike između djevojčica i dječaka. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju kako nema statistički značajne razlike u stanju uhranjenosti između djevojčica i dječaka. Na osnovu dobivenih rezultata može se zaključiti da u ovoj dobi još nema prisutnih značajnih spolnih razlika te da se djevojčice i dječaci jednako razvijaju.Anthropometric characteristics are part of anthropological characteristics that are responsible for the dynamics of growth and development of the human body. These features include an increase in body height and body mass, changes in structure, proportions, body composition and various systems. The nutrition of preschool children is affected by various factors, some of them are the child's diet itself, sports and physical activity, and nowadays, more and more, technology. Children of preschool age go through different stages of cognitive and motor development, and with the help of these characteristics, their growth and development can be monitored, which can serve as an indicator of the child's health and nutritional status. The goal of this final paper is to determine the nutritional status of preschool children by examining anthropometric characteristics and to see if there are differences in nutritional status between girls and boys. 30 preschool children (15 girls and 15 boys) aged 5 to 6 participated in the research, and their height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, skinfold of the back and upper arms were measured, from which the WHR index and body fat percentage were calculated. The obtained results of the descriptive statistics show that the highest percentage is normally fed children. A slightly higher percentage was obtained for boys (93 %) than for girls (80 %). Smaller percentages refer to overweight children, this percentage for girls is higher than for boys and amounts to 20 %. The most important thing is that there are no malnourished or obese children of both sexes. Ttest analysis was used to determine statistically significant differences between girls and boys for each individual measured variable. The obtained results show that there is no statistically significant difference in the state of nutrition between girls and boys. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that there are no significant gender differences at this age and that girls and boys develop equally
Allergies in children
No full textAlergije su negativne reakcije tijela na neku tvar (alergen). Najčešć i alergeni su pelud, plijesan, životinjska dlaka, trava, pršina, hrana. Neki alergeni pojavljuju se povremeno i oni imaju naziv sezonski alergeni. Najčešći sezonski alergen je pelud. Kada osoba dođe u doticaj s tvari (alergenom) tijelo reagira pojavom simptoma. Simptomi se uglavnom pojavljuju u gornjem i donjem dišnom sustavu te na koži. Najčešći simptomi alergije su osip i svrab na koži, kašalj, otežano disanje, kihanje te curenje nosa. Trenutno je na svijetu preko 30% osoba koje boluju od jedne ili više alergijskih bolesti, a taj je broj konstantno u porastu. Zbog modernog načina života i sve većeg zagađenja okoliša, ljudi sve više boluju od raznih alergijskih bolesti. Najčešće alergijske bolesti su alergijski rinitis, atopijski dermatitis, astma, urtikarija. Alergijske bolesti se dijagnosticiraju amnezom te kožnim testovima, a provode se u bolnici. Kožni testovi su najbrži i najjednostavniji postupak za otkrivanje alergija. Nakon dijagnosticiranja, alergije se liječe uklanjanjem alergena ako je to moguće, ako ne potrebno je alergen izbjegavati. Osim toga koriste se i razni lijekovi za ublažavanje simptoma. Kod teških slučajeva alergijske reakcije dolazi do anafilaksije. Anafilaksija je akutna, sustavna reakcija preosjetljivosti organizma te je opasna po život. U slučajevima anafilaksije potrebno je odmah reagirati kako ne bi došlo do smrti pacijenta. Anafilaksiju uzrokuju ubodi insekata ( pčela, osa, stršljen), lijekovi, hrana. Zbog toga je važno da je odgojitelj detaljno upućen u alergije djece u skupini te u cijelom vrtiću. Odgojitelj treba, ako je moguće ukloniti alergen iz prostora u kojem djeca borave. Također je vrlo važno da sudjeluje u edukacijama o alergijskim bolestima i liječenju, kako bi bio spreman na sve moguće situacije. Potrebna je i suradnja roditelja sa odgojiteljima kako bi odgojitelj svakodnevno bio obavješten o mogućim promjenama kod alergijskih bolesti djeteta.Allergies are negative reactions of the body to a substance (allergen). The most common allergens are pollen, mold, animal hair, grass, dust, food. Some allergens appear periodically and they are called seasonal allergens. The most common seasonal allergen is pollen. When a person comes into contact with a substance (allergen), the body reacts with the appearance of symptoms. Symptoms mainly appear in the upper and lower respiratory system and on the skin. The most common symptoms of allergy are rash and itching on the skin, cough, difficulty breathing, sneezing and runny nose. Currently, over 30% of people in the world suffer from one or more allergic diseases, and this number is constantly increasing. Due to the modern way of life and increasing environmental pollution, people are increasingly suffering from various allergic diseases. The most common allergic diseases are allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, asthma, urticaria. Allergic diseases are diagnosed with amnesia and skin tests, and are performed in a hospital. Skin tests are the fastest and simplest procedure for detecting allergies. After diagnosis, allergies are treated by removing the allergen if possible, otherwise it is necessary to avoid the allergen. In addition, various drugs are used to relieve symptoms. In severe cases of allergic reaction, anaphylaxis occurs. Anaphylaxis is an acute, systemic hypersensitivity reaction of the body and is life-threatening. In cases of anaphylaxis, it is necessary to react immediately so that the patient does not die. Anaphylaxis is caused by insect stings (bee, wasp, hornet), medicines, food. That is why it is important that the teacher is thoroughly informed about the allergies of the children in the group and in the entire kindergarten. The educator should, if possible, remove the allergen from the area where the children stay. It is also very important that he participates in education about allergic diseases and treatment, in order to be prepared for all possible situations. The cooperation of parents and educators is also necessary so that the educator is daily informed about possible changes in the child's allergic diseases
Self-assessment of future teachers' competences for developing students' scientific literacy in primary education
No full textZa razumijevanje svakodnevnih pojava i procesa, potrebna su znanja iz područja prirodoslovlja jer je priroda sve što nas okružuje. Naglasak se stavlja na važnost razvoja prirodoslovne pismenosti kod učenika od njihove najranije dobi. Kako bi se taj proces što kvalitetnije odvijao, nužne su kompetencija njihovih učitelja i učiteljica za poticanje prirodoslovne pismenosti učenika u primarnome obrazovanju. Posjedovanje prirodoslovne pismenost neupitno je u suvremenom svijetu koji svakodnevno teži promjenama.
S obzirom na važnost prirodoslovne pismenosti, provode se brojna istraživanja kojima se ispituje njezin razvoj i napredak u mnogim zemljama. Dva velika istraživanja koja za cilj imaju ispitivanje prirodoslovne pismenosti su TIMSS istraživanje i PISA istraživanje. Hrvatska aktivno sudjeluje u navedenim istraživanjima s ciljem napretka odgoja i obrazovanja uspoređujući rezultate s drugim zemljama članicama. Uvođenje učenika u prirodoslovlje zahtijeva odabir primjerenih prirodoznanstvenih metoda i prirodoslovnih postupaka. U ovom su radu navedeni svi prirodoslovni postupci prema De Zan (1999) s njihovim praktičnim primjerima. Također, spominju se i dosadašnja istraživanja kompetencija učitelja i studenata učiteljskih studija za razvoj prirodoslovne pismenosti učenika.
Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati kompetencije studenata učiteljskih studija 2. i 5. godine Učiteljskog fakulteta iz središnjice u Zagrebu i lokacijskih odsjeka u Čakovcu i Petrinji za razvoj prirodoslovne pismenosti kod učenika. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo ukupno 104 ispitanika. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju kako studenti 2. i 5. godine procjenjuju djelomično razvijene kompetencije za poučavanje prirodoslovne pismenosti. Dokazano je kako ne postoji statistički značajna razlika u samoprocjeni kompetencija za poučavanje prirodoslovne pismenosti kod studenata 2. i 5. godine. Istraživanjem je potvrđena činjenica koja govori: što je niži interes za prirodoslovljem, to je i niža samoprocjena kompetentnosti kao učitelja u nastavi PID-a. Također, dokazano je kako ne postoji statistički značajna razlika u samoprocjeni kompetentnosti studenata, kao i stavovima o metodici s obzirom na završeno srednjoškolsko obrazovanje.Knowledge of natural sciences is necessary to understand everyday occurences and processes, as nature encompasses everything around us. Emphasis is put on developing scientific literacy in students from an early age. To ensure the whole process is properly conducted, teacher competencies are necessary to improve scientific literacy of students in primary education. It is vital to possess scientific literacy in todays ever-changing world.
Considering the importance of scientific literacy, there are countless studies being conducted which look into its development and advancement in many countries. Two biggest studies whose primary subject is scientific literacy are the TIMSS and PISA study. Croatia actively participates in the aforementioned studies with the goal of improving upbringing and education by comparing results of other countries. To introduce students to natural science, adequate natural science methods and procedures must be chosen. This thesis goes over the scientific procedures according to De Zan (1999) with their practical application. Moreover, it mentions todays studies regarding teacher and student competencies in faculties of teacher education to develop scientific literacy in students.
The goal of this study was to question competencies of 2nd and 5th year students in teacher education in the Faculty of Teacher Education, University in Zagreb and other branches in Čakovec and Petrinja for development of scientific literacy in students. The study had 104 participants. Results of the study show 2nd and 5th year students posses partially developed competencies to teach scientific literacy. Furthermore, it was proven there is no statistically significant difference in the self assessment part. The study confirmed the claim lower interest in natural sciences leads to lower self assessment of teacher competencies teaching PID. Also, it was proven there is no significant statistical differences in self assessment of student competencies, as well as stances on methodology considering highschool education
Association of motivation for parenting and some characteristics of young adults
No full textOvo kvalitativno istraživanje imalo je za cilj steći uvid u percepciju roditeljske uloge, odnose unutar obitelji odrastanja te motivaciju i planove vezane uz roditeljstvo kod mlađih odraslih osoba bez djece od kojih su neki jedinci, a neki odrasli s više braće/sestara, te od kojih su neki zaposleni, a neki studenti. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo uzorak od 32 sudionika u dobi od 22 do 28 godina. Za prikupljanje podataka korištena je metoda polustrukturiranog intervjua koji se sastojao od 16 pitanja raspoređenih u tri kategorije. Intervjui su provedeni individualno uživo ili putem Zoom platforme. Rezultati su pokazali da je većina sudionika opisala svoje odrastanje kao pozitivno iskustvo, premda su se kod nekih javljale i određene poteškoće u obiteljskim odnosima. Odrastanje s braćom i sestrama povezano je sa stjecanjem raznovrsnih vještina, raspoloživosti materijalnih resursa, osjećajem usamljenosti te potrebom za brigom o mlađoj braći/sestrama. Bez obzira na veličinu obitelji ili obrazovni status, većina sudionika izrazila je želju za roditeljstvom u budućnosti. Relativni udio sudionika koji žele do dvoje ili do troje djece podjednak je među jedincima i među sudionicima koji su odrastali s braćom/sestrama, a slični nalazi dobiveni su i s obzirom na to jesu li sudionici zaposleni ili studenti. Stoga se može reći da su dobiveni rezultati djelomično u skladu s literaturom. Sudionici su iskazali raznolike motive za roditeljstvo, poput instrumentalnih, altruističkih, narcističkih i fatalističkih. Većina se nije osje ala spremnom za roditeljstvo u trenutku istraživanja, navode i potrebu za ostvarivanjem osobnih, obrazovnih, karijernih i financijskih ciljeva te pronalaženje životnog partnera prije donošenja te odluke. Također, većina je željela postati roditelj do 30. godine života, a tri četvrtine njih nije smatralo brak preduvjetom za imanje djece, što odražava trend sve veće prihvaćenosti izvanbračnog roditeljstva.This qualitative study aimed to gain insight into the perception of parental roles, relationships within the family of origin, and the motivation and plans related to parenthood among young adults without children, some of which were the only child in the family, and some grow up with siblings, and some of which were employed and some students. The study involved a sample of 32 participants aged 22 to 28 years. Data were collected using a semistructured interview consisting of 16 questions divided into three categories. The interviews were conducted individually either in-person or via the Zoom platform. The results revealed that most participants described their upbringing as a positive experience, although some encountered certain difficulties in family relationships. Growing up with siblings was related with the acquisition of various skills, the availability of material resources, feelings of loneliness, and the need to care for younger siblings. Regardless of family size or educational status, most participants expressed a desire for parenthood in the future. The relative proportion of participants who would like to have up to two or three children is the same among only children and those who grew up with siblings, and similar findings were obtained regarding whether the participants are employed or students. Therefore, it can be said that the obtained results are partially in line with the literature. Participants exhibited diverse motivations for parenthood, such as instrumental, altruistic, narcissistic, and fatalistic motives. Most participants did not feel ready for parenthood at the time of the study, expressing the need to achieve personal, educational, career, and financial goals, as well as finding a life partner before making the decision. In addition, most participants wished to become a parent by the age of 30, and three-quarters of them did not consider marriage a prerequisite for having children, reflecting the increasing acceptance of non-marital parenthood
Bilingualism at an early age - cause for concern or advantage
No full textLat. “Quot linguas calles, tot homines vales.” Karlo V. (Koliko jezika znaš, toliko ljudi vrijediš.)
Ovaj rad bavi se fenomenom dvojezičnosti. Dvojezična djeca imaju jedinstveno jezično putovanje koje može ponuditi brojne kognitivne i društvene prednosti. Od rane dobi prelaze između dva jezika, razvijajući sposobnost razumijevanja i komunikacije na oba. Taj proces često uključuje promjenu koda, gdje se neprimjetno prebacuju između jezika ovisno o kontekstu ili sugovornicima. Teorijski dio rada prikazuje nekoliko definicija dvojezičnosti, njezine vrste, teorije, probleme, ali i prednosti te strategije i metode koje roditelji, odgojitelji, učitelji i drugi mogu koristiti u dvojezičnom obrazovanju. Osim teorijom rad se bavi odnosom dvojezičnog djeteta prema usvajanju dva materinska jezika, predstavlja klasično učenje uz prirodno usvajanje te ujedno opisuje jezično-govorni razvoj dvojezične djevojčice i pojedinih jezičnih specifičnosti koje se mogu pojaviti kod dvojezične djece. Praktični dio rada bavi se kvalitativnim istraživanjem u kojem se interpretiraju i analiziraju podaci dobiveni od jednog djeteta u kontekstu dvojezične obitelji. Također provedeno je i istraživanje u obliku anketnog upitnika koja će nam pobliže prikazati s kojim se izazovima susreću odgojitelji u radu s djecom koja dolaze iz dvojezične obitelji ili čiji hrvatski jezik nije materinski jezik, koliku pomoć imaju od sustava i stručnih suradnika, te ima li mjesta unaprjeđenju postojeće situacije. Uz navedeno istraživanje proučavala su se različita znanstvena područja; uključujući razvojnu psihologiju, kognitivnu psihologiju, lingvistiku, te komunikacijske znanosti i poremećaje. Osim samog istraživanja i prezentacije rezultata, ovdje je spomenuta istraživačka etika, metodologija i podaci o uzorku istraživanja i prikupljanju podataka. Ovaj je rad namijenjen roditeljima i mnogim ljudima kojima se roditelji obraćaju za savjet o poticanju uspješnog dvojezičnog razvoja: odgojiteljima, učiteljima razredne nastave i dr.Lat. “Quot linguas calles, tot homines vales.” Karlo V. (The more languages you speak, the more people you can influence.) This thesis deals with the phenomenon of bilingualism. Bilingual children have a unique language journey that can offer numerous cognitive and social advantages. From an early age, they switch between two languages, developing the ability to understand and communicate in both. This process often involves code-switching, where they seamlessly switch between languages depending on the context or interlocutors. The theoretical part of the work presents several definitions of bilingualism, its types, theories, and problems, but also advantages strategies and methods that parents, educators, teachers, and others can use in bilingual education. In addition to theory, the paper deals with the attitude of a bilingual child toward the acquisition of two mother tongues presents classical learning with natural acquisition, and at the same time describes the language-speech development of a bilingual girl and certain language specificities that may appear in bilingual children. The practical part of the work deals with qualitative research in which data obtained from one child in the context of a bilingual family is interpreted and analyzed. Research in the form of a questionnaire was also conducted, which will show us in more detail what challenges educators face when working with children who come from bilingual families or whose Croatian language is not their mother tongue, how much help they have from the system and professional associates, and whether there are places improvement of the existing situation. Along with the aforementioned research, various scientific fields were studied; including developmental psychology, cognitive psychology, linguistics, and communication sciences and disorders. In addition to the research itself and the presentation of the results, research ethics, methodology, and data on the research sample and data collection are mentioned here. This paper is intended for parents and the many people whom parents turn to for advice on encouraging successful bilingual development: educators, classroom teachers, etc
Gender differences in the nutritional status of preschool children
No full textVisoka prevalencija prekomjerne tjelesne mase i pretilosti kod djece jedan je od velikih zdravstvenih problema današnjice. Tjelesna masa i udio masnog tkiva u tijelu mogu uzrokovati mnoge zdravstvene teško će ukoliko imaju prenisku ili previsoku vrijednost, stoga ih je važno kontinuirano pratiti i regulirati od najranije dobi.
Glavni cilj ovoga diplomskoga rada bio je ispitati i utvrditi status uhranjenosti te ustanoviti postoje li statistički značajne razlike između spolova u statusu uhranjenosti kod djece predškolske dobi. Uzorak ispitanika obuhvaća 21 djevojčicu i 23 dječaka u dobi od 6 do 7 godina, jednog zagrebačkog dječjeg vrtića. Varijable korištene u istraživanju bile su: tjelesna visina i masa, opseg struka te debljine kožnih nabora nadlaktice i leđa. Na temelju dobivenih podataka računao se indeks tjelesne mase, postotak masnog tkiva te omjer opsega struka i tjelesne visine. Dobiveni rezultati uspoređeni su sa standardnim percentilnim vrijednostima za djecu te dobi. Konačni rezultati nisu pokazali statistički značajnu razliku u statusu uhranjenosti između spolova, no vidljive su veće vrijednosti postotka masnog tkiva kod djevojčica u odnosu na dječake predčkolske dobi.
Kako bi pravilan rast, razvoj i zdravlje djece bili osigurani, važno je pratiti morfološka obilježja djece u praksi kako bi se na vrijeme moglo intervenirati i spriječiti mogu i razvoj zdravstvenih problema.The high prevalence of overweight and obesity in children is one of the major health problems nowadays. Body mass and the proportion of fat tissue in the body can cause many health problems being too low or too high, so it is important to continuously regulate them from an early age.
The main goal of this thesis was to examine and determine the nutritional status and to establish whether there are statistically significant sex differences in the nutritional status of preschool children. The sample of respondents includes 21 girls and 23 boys aged 6 to 7 from a kindergarten in Zagreb. The variables used in the research were: body height and mass, waist circumference, and the thickness of the skin folds of the upper arm and back. Based on the obtained data, the body mass index, the percentage of fat tissue and the ratio of waist circumference to body height were calculated. The obtained results were compared with standard percentile values for children of that age. The final results showed no statistically significant difference in nutritional status between the sexes, but higher percentage values of fat tissue are visible in girls compared to boys of preschool age.
In order to ensure the proper growth, development and health of children, it is important to monitor the morphological features of children in practice so that timely intervention can be made and the possible development of health problems can be prevented