University of Zagreb Faculty of Teacher Education - Digital repository

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    Montessori pedagogy and education of children with disabilities

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    Za alternativne pedagogije pokazuje se veliko zanimanje te se javlja potreba njihove primjene u ranom i predškolskom odgoju i obrazovanju. Otvaraju se škole i vrtići koji su koncipirani po njihovu načinu rada te se educira kadar kako bi uspješno implementirao ideje alternativnih pedagogija u odgojno-obrazovni rad. Jedna od vodećih alternativnih pedagogija u svijetu je ona Marije Montessori. Njezina pedagoška koncepcija djeluje već dugi niz godina te se pokazala uspješnom u radu s djecom s poteškoćama u razvoju. Cilj ovog diplomskog rada bio je objasniti Montessori pedagogiju i njezin pozitivan utjecaj na obrazovanje djece s poteškoćama. Uz to, pružit će teorijski uvod u obrazovanje djece s poteškoćama, opisati kako su takvu djecu doživljavali kroz povijest te kako je počelo njihovo obrazovanje. Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati kako Montessori pedagogija utječe na obrazovanje djece s poteškoćama. Također će biti predočeni važni elementi Montessori pedagogije koji pridonose cjelokupnom razvoju djece s poteškoćama u razvoju. Uz obrazovni rad bit će objašnjene i dobrobiti mješovitih skupina te podrobnije objašnjeni termini inkluzija i integracija. Na temelju sustavnog opažanja opisat će se kako je tekao napredak jednog djeteta s poteškoćama u razvoju.There is a great interest for alternatives in pedagogy and need is shown foe their application in early and preschool upbringing and education. Kindergartens and schools following concepts of their way of work are opened and staff is being eduacted to successfully implement their ideas in educational work. Marie Montessori pedagogy is one of the leading alternative in world. Her pedagogy conception is acting over long period of years and it has been successful in work with children which have development difficulties. Aim of this graduate thesis is to clarify Montessori pedagogy and her positive influence on education of children with development difficulties. Besides mentioned, theoretical introduction in education of children with development difficulties will be given and it will be described how these children were viewed throughout history and beginnings of their education as well. Aim of research was to inspect how and in which way Montessori pedagogy influence on education of children with development difficulties. Important elements of Montessori pedagogy which contribute overall development of children with development difficulties will be presented as well. Besides educational work, benefits of mixed groups will be explained and terms of inclusion and integration will be explained more in detail. Progress of one child with development difficulties will be described based on systematic observation

    Textbook suitability for the education of non-native speakers of the Croatian language

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    Učenje jezika je ključan dio intelektualnog sazrijevanja i općenito socijalizacije čovjeka. Određeno je kroz brojne komponente, među kojima su najznačajnije motivacija, kognicija i emocije. U suvremenim programima načina održavanja nastave od učenika se zahtijeva aktivna uloga te je zbog toga važan element uspješnog učenja kvalitetno poučavanje. Međutim, praksa pokazuje kako učiteljima u radu s učenicima ono može biti veliki izazov. Još veći izazov predstavlja rad s inojezičnim učenicima koji se prema važećoj hrvatskoj pravnoj regulativi dijele na djecu državljane Republike Hrvatske koja se vraćaju iz inozemstva, djecu koja su članovi obitelji država članica Europske unije, djecu stranaca s pravom boravka ili prebivališta u Republici Hrvatskoj i djecu pripadnike nacionalnih manjina. S obzirom na to da za njih učenje hrvatskoga jezika predstavlja posebne napore, učiteljima je glavni izazov kako da probude njihov interes za učenje jezika, pronađu prikladne metode za poučavanje inojezičnih učenika te naposljetku ostvare ciljeve i planirane ishode učenja. Nadalje, važno sredstvo učenja jezika predstavljaju udžbenici iz pojedinih nastavnih predmeta te njihova primjerenost za poučavanje inojezičnih učenika hrvatskoga jezika.Language learning is a key part of the intellectual maturation and socialization of the human personality in general. It is determined through numerous components, whereas the most important are motivation, cognition and emotions. In modern curricula, students are required to play an active role. Therefore, a decisive element of successful learning is quality teaching. However, practice shows that it can be a great challenge for teachers to work with students. An even bigger challenge is working with non-native speakers of Croatian language students who, according to current Croatian legislation, are divided into children of Croatian citizens returning from abroad, children who are family members of EU member states, children of foreigners with residence or residence in the Republic of Croatia and children who are national minorities. Therefore, learning Croatian is a special effort for them. The main challenge for teachers is how to arouse their interest, find suitable methods for teaching them and eventually achieve goals and planned learning outcomes. Moreover, a very important element in teaching are different subjects textbooks and how suitable they are for teaching non-native students

    The Analysis of Children's Drawings

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    Likovni je razvoj važna komponenta u cjelovitom razvitku djeteta. Dijete kroz likovnost istražuje, otkriva, uči i zapaža. Spoznaje sebe kao kompetentno biće. Odgojitelji i roditeljui su osobe koje će mu u tome pomoći. Zato držim kako i roditelji i odgojitelji moraju biti informirani o aspektima djetetova razvoja. Oni su djetetu najbliži pa stoga ne čudi što će dijete najviše stvarati upravo u njihovu prisustvu. Jedna od najbitnijih stvari je pustiti dijete da neometano uživa crtajući, slikajući i na kraju krajeva – stvarajući. U ovome sam radu pokušala sažeti sve bitno što će odgojitelju ili roditelju zatrebati u promatranju razvoja dječje likovnosti. Jednostavno, shvatila sam kako se djetetu često nameću neke stvari i kako dijete često nije slobodno istraživati i kako mu nije dopušteno otkrivati neke nove spoznaje. Shvatila sam kako upravo takvim postupcima mi odrasli kočimo dječji razvoj, a da toga nismo ni svjesni. U želji da dijete što prije napreduje, namećemo mu kako što treba raditi ili nacrtati, a ne dopuštamo ili nemamo strpljenja da pustimo dijete da otkriva samo. Još gore, često sam znala vidjeti kako roditelj ili odgojitelj čini stvari umjesto samoga djeteta. Ali isto tako se kasnije čudimo što dijete zaostaje ili što vidimo da ne ispoljava maštu ili kreativnost onako kako bi dijete to trebalo. Stoga zaključujem kako bi bilo najbolje da poznajemo faze dječjeg likovnog stvaralaštva, da otprilike znamo kako izgleda dječji crtež s obzirom na njegovu dob i što od djeteta možemo očekivati.Artistic development is an important component in a child's overall development. Through art, the child explores, discovers, learns and notices. Learns that he is himself a competent being. Educators and parents are the people who will help him in this. That is why I believe that both parents and educators must be informed about aspects of a child's development. They are closest to the child, so it is not surprising that the child will create the most in their presence. One of the most important things is to let the child enjoy drawing, painting and, ultimately, creating. In this paper, I have tried to summarize everything that an educator or parent will need in observing the development of children's art. I simply realized that some things are often imposed on a child and that the child is often not free to explore and that he is not allowed to discover some new knowledge. I realized that it is precisely by such actions that we adults hinder children's development, without even being aware of it. In order for the child to progress as soon as possible, we impose on him what to do or draw, and we do not allow or have the patience to let the child discover for himself. Worse, I often used to see a parent or educator do things for the child instead of the child himself. But we also later wonder that the child is lagging behind or that we see that he is not showing imagination or creativity the way a child should. Therefore, I conclude that it would be best to know the stages of children's art, to know approximately what a child's drawing looks like given its age and what we can expect from a child

    Preschool children activities and time spent outdoors

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    Igra je osnovna potreba svakog djeteta te se ona proteže kroz sve segmente njegova funkcioniranja. Kroz igru se izražava, opušta, upoznaje okolinu i samog sebe, u njoj nalazi utjehu, pomoć, ali i stvara svoj vlastiti svijet. Kada tako nešto stavimo u prirodu, dobijemo bezbroj mogućnosti s pregršt poticaja, materijala, neograničen prostor i slobodu. Mnogo je istraživanja koja dokazuju prednosti igre u prirodi te njezin pozitivan utjecaj na cjelokupni razvoj djeteta. Svrha ovog diplomskog rada je teorijski prikazati neke od relevantnih spoznaja o igri na otvorenom djece rane i predškolske dobi te njenoj dobrobiti za rast, razvoj i zdravstveno stanje te kroz istraživanje prikazati koliko vremenski djeca provode na otvorenom te kojim aktivnostima te bave. Osim činjenica i spoznaja o igri na otvorenom, aktivnosti će biti prikazane i putem fotografija kojim sam ja sama autor.Play is a basic need of all the children and it extends through all segments of their functioning. Through the game children express themselves, relax, get to know the environment and one another, find comfort, help eachother and also manage to create their own worlds. When we put something like that in nature, we get countless possibilities with a handful of stimuli, materials, unlimited space and freedom. There is a lot of research that proves the benefits of play in nature and its positive impact on the overall development of children. The purpose of this thesis is to theoretically present some of the relevant knowledge about outdoor play of children of early and preschool age and its benefits for growth, development and health through this research to show how much time children spend outdoors and in which activities they engage in. In addition to facts and knowledge about outdoor play, the activities will be shown through photographs of which I am the author

    Reading to children and reading with children as a foundation of early language development

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    Usvajanje govora započinje samim djetetovim rođenjem. Njegova okolina, dakle primarno roditelji i odgojitelji, osiguravaju kvalitetno okruženje za razvoj govora i jezika. Istraživanja su pokazala da čitanje s djecom izravno utječe na njihov spoznajni i jezični razvoj. Zajedničkim ili dijaloškim čitanjem, u kojem roditelj postavlja pitanja i proširuje djetetov iskaz, dijete usvaja nove riječi i pojmove, razvija vještinu slušanja i zadržavanja pažnje, uočava pravila pisanog teksta te uči o svijetu koji ga okružuje. Na taj način razvijaju se i predčitačke i predpisačke vještine koje predstavljaju temelj usvajanja znanja u školskome dobu. Slikovnica, kao prva knjiga s kojom se dijete susreće, mora biti kvalitetna. Njezina kvaliteta očituje se u smislenom tekstu i maštovitim ilustracijama koje su potpisane od strane autora. Takva slikovnica izravno utječe na djetetov govorni izraz i spoznaju. Osim slikovnica, postoje igre i aktivnosti namijenjene najmlađoj djeci koje se mogu provoditi od samog rođenja djeteta, u svrhu razvijanja vještine čitanja. Temeljna svrha i cilj ovog rada bilo je ispitati stavove roditelja o čitanju s djecom, odnosno što im čitaju i koliko često. Istraživanje je provedeno putem online obrasca – ankete te je u njemu sudjelovalo 206 roditelja djece rane i predškolske dobi. Istraživanje je pokazalo da većina roditelja svakodnevno čita knjige i slikovnice svojoj djeci.The very beginning of the language aquisition starts at the child's birth. Parents and teachers represent his primary environment and have to ensure the quality of surroundings for speech and language development. The research has shown that reading with children directly influences their cognitive and language development. Through shared or dialogical reading, in which the parent asks questions and expands the child's statement, the child adopts new words and concepts, develops the skill of listening and holding attention, notices the rules of the written text and learns about the world around him. This way, both pre-reading and pre- The picture book, as the first book a child encounters, must be of good quality. Its quality is manifested in meaningful text and imaginative illustrations signed by the author. Such a picture book directly affects the child's speech expression and cognition. In addition to picture books, there are games and activities intended for the youngest children that can be carried out from the very birth of a child, in order to develop reading skills. The basic purpose and goal of this paper was to examine in which extent parents read to their children and what they read to them. Research was conducted through an online form - a survey and 206 parents of children of early and preschool age participated in it. The research showed that mayority of the parents read books and picture books daily to their children

    Jackson Pollock's painting as a starting point for artistic activity

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    U ovom diplomskom radu prikazat ću život istaknutog umjetnika Jacksona Pollocka, njegova najznačajnija djela te značenje istih. Također, opisat ću suvremene pravce, od apstrakcije do postmoderne, ponajviše akcijsko slikarstvo po kojemu je bio najpoznatiji, se proslavio. U ovom radu istražila sam kakvo je stajalište radova Jacksona Pollocka kod djece. Za potrebe ovoga rada djeca iz DV „Gortanova” u Varaždinu su svojim radovima prikazala kakav je utisak na njih ostavio ovaj umjetnik. Iz dobivenih radova može se zaključiti da su radovi Jacksona Pollocka pozitivno djelovali na djecu koja su se prepustila mašti i kreativnosti i bili nesputana i slobodna, spontana u svom izričaju. Djeca su osluškivala ritam i kretala se kako ih je glazba vodila. Dva vida umjetnosti sinkretizirana su u jedno. Bio je to oslobađajuć i ispunjujuć proces za njih.In this final paper, I will explore the life of this prominent artist Jackson Pollock, his most significant works and meaning of them. Furthermore, I am going to review modern directions, from abstraction to postmodern, mostly the action painting, for which he was best known and became famous. In this paper I have examined what impression this artist left on children in DV „Graberje“ in Varaždin, by their creativity. Concluding the obtained works, I determined that the works of Jackson Pollock had a positive effect on children, who indulged the imagination and creativity and were unrestrained and free, spotted in their expression. Likewise, the children listened to the rhythm and moved as the music guided them. The two forms of art are syncretized into one. It was liberating and fulfilling process for them

    Land art

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    Land art u vrtiću kreativno je umjetničko izražavanje koje na poseban način ujedinjuje dijete i prirodu. Radom ruku dijete ulazi u svijet mašte i koristi sve što nađe u prirodi te stvara unikatne kompozicije poput pravog umjetnika. Susret s prirodom u djetetu otvara nove horizonte koji ga vode u njegov zamišljeni svijet, ali na posve drugačiji način nego što to čine moderne tehnologije. Kad tome dodamo i estetsko izražavanje kao plod mašte i kretivnosti, dijete još više raste u samosvjesno biće, ono postaje cjelovit čovjek. Priroda omogućuje djetetu stapanje s krajolikom u kojem živi, i kad uključimo umjetničku notu, stvaramo umjetnost land arta. Boravak u prirodi pozitivno djeluje na sva područja razvoja djeteta, a land art još više potencira njegova senzomotorička iskustva.Land art in kindergarten is a creative artistic expression that unites the child and nature in a special way. By working with his hands, the child enters the world of imagination and uses everything he finds in nature and creates unique compositions like real artists. The encounter with nature in a child opens new horizons that lead him into his imagined world, but in a completely different way than modern technologies do. When we add to this aesthetic expression as a fruit of imagination and creativity, the child grows even more into a self-conscious being, he becomes a whole man. Nature allows the child to merge with the landscape in which he lives and when we include an artistic note we create the art of land art. Staying in nature has a positive effect on all developmental areas of the child and land art further emphasizes its sensorimotor experiences

    Organized kinesiological activity in the open space of kindergarten

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    Tjelesne aktivnosti vrlo su važne u periodu djetinjstva. Dijete samostalno započinje tjelesne aktivnosti tijekom svakodnevne slobodne igre. Osim vremena u kojem dijete bira aktivnosti kojima se želi baviti, tijekom boravka u ustanovi ranog i predškolskog odgoja i obrazovanja, odvija se i planirani proces odgoja i obrazovanja. U tom smislu planira se i provodi sat kineziološke kulture na otvorenom prostoru vrtića. Posebnost takvog sata očituje se u boravku djeteta na zraku i vježbanju pomoću prirodnih materijala. Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati stavove roditelja prema provođenju organizirane kineziološke aktivnosti na otvorenom prostoru vrtića i njenim pozitivnim i negativnim posljedicama. Ispitano je pedeset roditelja pomoću anketnog upitnika sastavljenog od četiri kategorije pitanja – sociodemografskih podataka, općih uvjeta provođenja organiziranog sata kineziološke kulture na otvorenom, te pozitivnih posljedica i mogućih negativnih posljedica takve aktivnosti. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su kako se većina roditelja u potpunosti ili uglavnom slaže sa svim općim uvjetima sata kineziološke kulture na otvorenom i pozitivnim posljedicama takve aktivnosti. Ispitanici su se u većini složili i s dvije tvrdnje u kategoriji negativnih posljedica. Jedina tvrdnja u kojoj su roditelji u većini izrazili neslaganje odnosila se na teže ozljede zadobivene tijekom sata kineziološke kulture na otvorenom prostoru. Također, utvrđeno je kako se s tvrdnjama u većem broju slažu ispitanici ženskog spola, pripadnici starije dobne skupine, osobe sa stečenom višom stručnom spremom te roditelji djece u mlađoj dobnoj skupini. Na osnovu dobivenog može se zaključiti da se roditelji uglavnom slažu sa provođenjem organiziranog sata kineziologije na otvorenom prostoru dječjeg vrtića te njegovim posljedicama na dijete.Physical activity is a very important part of childhood. A child starts doing those activities on its own during everyday free play. Apart from the time when a child chooses the activities it wants to do, during its stay in kindergarten, there are also planned educational and upbringing activities. In that sense, there are also planned kinesiology classes in the open space of a kindergarten. A great value of such a class is spending time in the fresh air and using resources from the nature in the exercise. The goal of this research was to study parents’ attitude towards conducting organized kinesiological activity in the open space of a kindergarten and its positive and negative results. There were 50 subjects who answered a questionnaire consisting of four categories of questions – sociodemographic information, general conditions for conducting kinesiological activities in the open, and positive and negative results of such activities. The results have shown that most parents completely or mostly agree with the statements about conditions of such activities and with positive results. The subjects mostly agree with two statements in the category of negative effects. The only statement they did not mostly agree with referred to more serious injuries got during the activities. Also, the research has found that female subjects, members of older age category, subjects with higher education levels and parents of children in younger age groups agreed more with the statements. Based on the obtained data it can be concluded that parents mostly agree with conducting organized kinesiological activities in the open space of a kindergarten and their results for children

    Environmental education between antropocentrism and biocentrism

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    Suvremeno društvo danas je svjesno ograničenosti prirodnih resursa i nepopravljive štete učinjene prirodi. Promjene u okolišu vidljive su i mjerljive, uzrokovane neodgovornim čovjekovim utjecajem. Mjere koje se poduzimaju kako bi se usporio proces, jer ga je nažalost nemoguće zaustaviti, preslabe su i prespore. Cilj ovoga rada je pokušati kroz dosadašnje spoznaje objasniti zašto je čovjek destruktivan prema prirodi i okolišu iz koje je potekao, zašto se odmetnuo od nje i leži li razlog u njegovom antropocentričnome stavu kojim se nametnuo prirodi i svom neljudskome svijetu kao gospodar i to nažalost kao loš gospodar? Može li se kroz odgoj i obrazovanje za zaštitu okoliša, čovjek ponovno pokušati zbližiti s prirodom iz koje se sam izopćio iako je njen dio? Može li povratak djeteta prirodi kroz institucionalni odgoj i obrazovanje barem malo ublažiti općeprihvaćeno antropocentrično stajalište te se barem malo približiti biocentričnom stajalištu i time pokušati usporiti daljnju devastaciju Zemlje i prirode kojoj pripada i koja mu je jedini dom.Today's modern society is aware of the scarceness of natural resources and irreparable damage it has caused to nature. Changes in the environment are visible and measurable, caused by irresponsible human behaviour. The measures taken to slow down the process are too weak and too slow because unfortunately it is impossible to stop it. Why are we so destructive towards nature and the environment and does the reason lie in our anthropocentric attitude by which we imposed ourselves on nature and our inhuman world as a master and unfortunately as a bad master? Through environmental education, can we once again try to get closer to the nature from which we excommunicated ourself, even though we are a part of it? Can the return of the child to nature at least slightly alleviate the generally accepted anthropocentric point of view and at least get a little closer to be biocentric point of view and thus try to slow down the further devastation of the planet Earth which it belongs to and it is its only home

    Parents opinion about the cooperation between family and preschool

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    U teorijskom dijelu ovog diplomskog rada definiraju se odgojno-obrazovne zajednice djeteta, a to su obitelj i ustanova. Dijete se ponajprije susreće sa članovima svoje obitelji, koji mu predstavljaju i osiguravaju sigurnost te su zato najvažnije osobe u njegovom životu. Polaskom u vrtić odgojitelj također postaje ključna osoba u životu djeteta, provodeći s njim veći dio vremena i osiguravajući mu primjerenu podršku. S obzirom na vrlo često izjednačavanje, ističu se razlike između pojmova partnerstvo i suradnja obitelji i vrtića. Suradnja se smatra međusobnom razmjenom informacija komunikacijom i druženjem sudionika, dok se partnerstvo smatra ravnopravnim odnosom u kojem su moć i odgovornost ravnopravno podijeljeni. Roditelji se u rad dječjeg vrtića mogu uključivati pasivno i aktivno te je nužno da odgojitelj prepoznaje i nudi različite načine, kako bi svi sudjelovali ovisno o preferencijama. U drugom dijelu rada nalazi se provedeno istraživanje. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati mišljenje roditelja o važnosti suradnje obitelji i vrtića kroz procjenu osobnog slaganja u prepoznavanju važnosti suradnje obitelji i vrtića, dosadašnju uključenost u djelatnost dječjeg vrtića, razinu osobne preferencije navedenih načina suradnje te roditeljski osjećaj povjerenja u odgojitelje i dječji vrtić. U anonimnom istraživanju je sudjelovalo 247 roditelja koji imaju djecu upisanu u jaslice ili vrtić na području Republike Hrvatske. Anketni upitnik podijeljen je online putem te su svi sudionici dobrovoljno pristali na sudjelovanje. Istraživanje je pokazalo kako se 58% roditelja u potpunosti slaže da su odgojitelji profesionalci s potrebnim znanjima i vještinama te se 88% roditelja u potpunosti slaže s tvrdnjom kako su odgojitelji važni njima i njihovom djetetu. Nadalje, 64% roditelja uopće se ne slaže s tvrdnjom da odgojitelji s djecom posjećuju obiteljski dom u slučaju dužeg odsustva djeteta, a 63% roditelja ističe prepoznavanje važnosti i uloge individualnih roditeljskih sastanaka.The theoretical part of this master's thesis defines the educational communities of the child, namely the family and the institution. The child first of all meets his family members, who represent and ensure his safety and are therefore the most important people in his life. By starting kindergarten, the kindergarten teacher also becomes a key person in the child's life, spending most of his time with him and providing him with appropriate support. Given the very frequent equating, the differences between the concepts of partnership and cooperation between family and kindergarten stand out. Cooperation is considered to be the mutual exchange of information through communication and socializing of participants, while partnership is considered an equal relationship in which power and responsibility are equally shared. Parents can be involved in the work of the kindergarten passively and actively, and it is necessary that the teacher recognizes and offers different ways, so that everyone participates depending on their preferences. The second part of the paper presents the conducted research. The research aim was to examine parents opinions on the importance of family-kindergarten cooperation through the assessment of personal agreement in recognizing the importance of familykindergarten cooperation, involvement in kindergarten so far, the level of personal preference for these ways, and parental trust in teachers and kindergarten. The anonymous survey involved 247 parents who have children enrolled in a nursery or kindergarten in the Republic of Croatia. The survey questionnaire was distributed online and all participants voluntarily agreed to participate. The survey showed that 58% of parents fully agree that teachers are professionals with the necessary knowledge and skills, and 88% of parents fully agree with the statement that teachers are important to them and their children. Furthermore, 64% of parents do not agree at all with the statement that teachers with children visit the family home in case of prolonged absence of the child, and 63% of parents emphasize the recognition of the importance and role of individual parent meetings

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