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Specifity of fruit transportation, transhipment and storage
No full textLakopokvarljivi tereti su svi proizvodi koji su skloni negativnim promjenama stoga zahtijevaju poznavanje složenih tehnologija prijevoza, prekrcaja i skladištenja kako bi se očuvala njihova uporabna vrijednost kroz sve faze lanca opskrbe. Ovaj rad se bavi samom definicijom lakopokvarljivih tereta i analizom različitih čimbenika koji utječu na kvalitetu voća kao prijevoznog, prekrcajnog i skladišnog supstrata. Analizirani su specifični zahtjevi pojedinih vrsta voća koji se moraju poštivati tijekom procesa prijevoza, prekrcaja i skladištenja. Također, analizirati će se tablica kompatibilnosti tereta odnosno voća. Unutar rada također su navedeni i primjeri pojedinih vrsta voća. Cilj ovoga rada je ukazati na važnost poznavanja složenih tehnologija i procesa kao i specifičnih zahtjeva pojedinih vrsta voća kako bi se uspješno odvio proces prijevoza, prekrcaja i skladištenja voća bez značajnih gubitaka uz očuvanje kvalitete.Perishable cargoes are all products that are prone to negative changes, therefore they require knowledge of complex technologies of transportation, transshipment and storage in order to preserve their use value through all stages of the supply chain. This paper deals with the very definition of perishable cargo and the analysis of various factors that affect the quality of fruit as a transport, transhipment and storage substrate. The specific requirements of certain types of fruit that must be respected during the process of transportation, transshipment and storage were analyzed. Also, the table of compatibility of cargo and fruit will be analyzed. The work also includes examples of individual types of fruit. The aim of this work is to point out the importance of knowing complex technologies and processes as well as the specific requirements of certain types of fruit in order to successfully carry out the process of transportation, transshipment and storage of fruit without significant losses while preserving quality
Utilization of Aerial Drone Technology in Logistics
No full textIn order to create a supply chain that is both economically and ecologically sustainable and complies
with contemporary standards, the logistics chain must be modernized and should rely on new
technology. In this article, the authors will attempt to elaborate the development direction of delivery
systems through examples of technology-oriented companies such as Amazon, focusing on the use
of unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) for delivering smaller packages within urban and suburban
environments. The main goal of using drones in urban logistics is to reduce the burden on city roads
and the use of road vehicles that generate the highest gaseous emissions footprint. The use of drones
has proven to be extremely flexible and useful in port logistics as well, eliminating the need to send
supply vessels into rough seas or putting people in danger during exhaust emission control. However,
drones are a relatively new technology, and they have their own limitations, which are still being
discovered. The main constraints of the devices themselves are power sources and the power of the
aircraft, which currently and likely in the future won’t be able to transport heavier commercial loads.
Increased use leads to congestion in airspace, posing risks to other modes of transportation such as
road or air. Research shows that the current use of drones mainly revolves around test flights or limited
applications within a regulated environment
Freight forwarder as a logistic operator
No full textIako je važnost špeditera u lancima opskrbe opće poznata, današnji trendovi polako ostavljaju u prošlosti posao klasičnog špeditera, i forsiraju promjenu i transformaciju iz klasičnog špeditera u logističkog špeditera koji obavlja brojne i kompleksnije funkcije od klasičnih špeditera. Cilj rada je objasniti i definirati ulogu logističkog špeditera i razvoj špedicije, koje su bitne razlike između špeditera i logističkog operatora te s čime se svaki od njih bavi i kojim pretpostavkama špediter mora udovoljiti da bi se transformirao u logističkog operatora. Također, će pojasniti primjere špediterskog prijelaza u dijelove logističkog tržišta te pokušati definirati probleme do kojih dolazi nakon transformacije špeditera u logističkog operatora.Although the importance of shipping agents in supply chains is widely known, today's trends slowly leave in the past the work of a classic shipping agent and force the change and transformation from a classic shipping agent to a logistics forwarder who performs numerous and more complex functions than classic shipping agents. The aim of the paper is to explain and define the role of the logistics forwarder and the development of forwarding, what are the essential differences between the shipping agent and the logistics operator and what each of them deals with and what conditions the shipping agent needs to meet in order to become a logistics operator. They will also clarify the examples of forwarding transition into segments of the logistics market and try to define the problems that arise after the transformation of the shipping agent into a logistics operator
Editorial for the Special Issue “GNSS, Space Weather and TEC Special Features”
No full textThe paper gives a concise overview of the scientific contribution of 17 original scientific papers published in the Special Issue : GNSS , Space weather and TEC Special features in the scientific journal "Remote Sensing"
Reverse logistics
No full textU svijetu proizvodnje, tvrtke često traže nove načine kako poboljšati svoje procese i
zadovoljstvo kupaca te ostati korak ispred svojih konkurenata. U posljednjih nekoliko
godina, povratna logistika se smatra strategijom koja omogućava ostvarenje tih ciljeva. U
ovom završnom radu nastoje se osvijetliti osnove povratne logistike, koji su razlozi njenog
postojanja te kako se ona koristi. Rastuća zabrinutost za kontrolu globalnog zagađenja
također je naglašena u radu i iznose se neke logističke odluke koje utječu na spomenuti
problem.In the world of manufacturing, companies are often searching for new ways to
improve their processes and customer satisfaction, while staying ahead of their
competitors. In recent years, reverse logistics has been recognized as a strategy that
enables the achievement of these goals. This final thesis aims to shed light on the
fundamentals of reverse logistics, explore the reasons for its existance, and examine its
utilization. The growing concern for controlling global pollution is also emphasized in this
paper, along with the presentation of logistics decisions that impact this issue
Use of autonomous vehicles in logistics
No full textGlavni fokus ovog završnog rada je istraživanje nastanka i razvoja autonomnih vozila, kao i razlozi njihovog nastanka. U prvom dijelu rada će biti opisan koncept i povijest prometa, a zatim i vozila. Nakon toga, detaljno će se razmotriti ideja, povijest i razvoj autonomnih vozila, te će se istražiti sustavi upravljanja koji omogućuju autonomnu vožnju. Nadalje, analizirat će se različite razine automatizacije autonomnih vozila. Također ćemo istražiti prednosti i nedostatke autonomnih vozila, te se baviti njihovom primjenom u logistici nakon općenite definicije logistike. Dotaknut ćemo se i primjera nesreća s tragičnim ishodom u kojima su sudjelovala autonomna vozila, te ćemo predstaviti neke od najpoznatijih proizvođača tehnologije koja se koristi u autonomnim vozilima.The main focus of this final paper is the exploration of the origin and development of autonomous vehicles, as well as the reasons for their emergence. In the first part of the paper, we will describe the concept and history of transportation, followed by a discussion of vehicles. Afterward, we will thoroughly examine the idea, history, and development of autonomous vehicles, as well as investigate the control systems that enable autonomous driving. Furthermore, we will analyze different levels of automation in autonomous vehicles. We will also explore the advantages and disadvantages of autonomous vehicles and delve into their application in logistics after a general definition of logistics. We will touch upon examples of accidents with tragic outcomes involving autonomous vehicles and introduce some of the most renowned technology manufacturers used in autonomous vehicle
Intelligent cars
No full textTijekom posljednjeg stoljeća primjećuje se porast broja ljudi koji žive u urbanim područjima, uz istodobno povećanje broja vozila i tehnološkog napretka. Ponekad ljudi čine greške u razmišljanju i donošenju odluka te odstupaju od savršenstva. Stoga potreba za pametnim autonomnim automobilima proizlazi iz visokog broja nesreća i ozljeda u prometu, koje su rezultat različitih faktora - bilo da su uzrokovane ljudskim faktorom, tehničkim problemima, lošim vremenskim uvjetima i slično. Razvoj potpuno autonomnih automobila predstavlja jedan od značajnih izazova današnjice, no unatoč tome, još uvijek ima mnogo toga što treba postići. Sigurnost u prometu ima najviši prioritet prilikom planiranja prometne infrastrukture, sredstava i načina kretanja ljudi. Autonomni automobili još uvijek nisu postigli potrebnu funkcionalnost i sposobnost donošenja samostalnih odluka. Ovaj razvoj prolazi kroz šest razina autonomije kako bi se na kraju ostvario cilj - potpuno autonomno vozilo koje funkcionira samostalno. Međutim, većina ljudi još uvijek ne bi bila spremna prepustiti se potpuno autonomnom vozilu za putovanje od točke A do točke B, a to je uglavnom zbog brige o sigurnosti i pouzdanosti takvih vozila. U ovom istraživanju, analiziraju se svi aspekti sustava i algoritama koji stoje iza autonomnih vozila. Također, istražuju se različiti senzori te primjena umjetne inteligencije kao ključnog čimbenika budućeg razvoja ovih vozila.During the last century, there has been an increase in the number of people living in urban areas, with a simultaneous increase in the number of vehicles and technological progress. Sometimes people make mistakes in thinking and decision-making and deviate from perfection. Therefore, the need for smart autonomous cars stems from the high number of accidents and injuries in traffic, which are the result of various factors - whether they are caused by the human factor, technical problems, bad weather conditions and the like. The development of fully autonomous vehicles represents one of the significant challenges of today, but despite this, there is still much to be achieved. Traffic safety has the highest priority when planning traffic infrastructure, means and ways of people's movement. Autonomous cars have not yet achieved the necessary functionality and ability to make independent decisions. This development goes through six levels of autonomy to achieve the goal - a fully autonomous vehicle that functions independently. However, most people still would not be willing to commit to a fully autonomous vehicle to get from point A to point B, due to concerns about the safety and reliability of such vehicles. In this research, all aspects of the systems and algorithms behind autonomous vehicles are analyzed. Also, various sensors and the application of artificial intelligence are being researched as a key factor in the future development of these vehicles
Cargo in sea transport
No full textPredmet istraživanja ovog završnog rada su vrste tereta u pomorskom prometu. Širenjem i
razvojem globalne trgovine pomorski promet postaje najzastupljeniji oblik prometa.
Tereti koji se prevoze pomorskim putem mogu se podijeliti u nekoliko kategorija, a to su suhi
i tekući tereti (uključujući i opasne tvari u prometu).
U radu su prikazane podjele suhuih i tekućih tereta na niže kategorije te specifičnost pojedinih
vrsta tereta. Također, opisan je način identifikacije, označavanja i rukovanja pomorskim
teretima, te se prikazuje zakonodavni okvir rukovanja teretima u pomorstvu čime se ukazuje
na važnost kontinuiranog napretka u upravljanju teretima koji prati zahtjeve rasta svjetske
trgovine.The subject of this final paper is the types of cargo in maritime transport. With the expansion
and development of global trade, maritime transport has become the most represented form of
transport.
There are two types of cargo in maritime transport – dry and liquid cargo (including
dangerous goods in traffic).
In this paper, the devision of dry and liquid loads into lower categories is presented, as well as
the specificities of certain types of cargo. Also, the method of identificatin, marking and
handling of sea cargo is described, and the legislative framework of cargo handling in the
maritime sector presented, which indicates the importance of continous progress in cargo
menagement that follows the requirements of the growth of word trade
Problem of empty rides
No full textDobra organizacija cestovnog teretnog prometa od velike je važnosti radi cjelokupnog dobavnog lanca. Organizacija prijevoza tereta ovisi o itineraru i vrsti oblika koji se izabere za određenu vožnju. S obzirom na veliku razvijenost globalne proizvodnje, te time i veliku potražnju za prijevoznim uslugama, cestovni teretni promet tu ima važnu ulogu. Velika potražnja za prijevoznim uslugama, dovela je do toga da prilikom tih prijevoznih procesa dolazi do praznih vožnji. To se pokazalo kao jedan od velikih problema cestovnog teretnog prijevoza. Implementacijom raznih projekata i mehanizama pokušava se naći rješenje za taj problem. Koncept zajedničke vožnje, te povezanost prijevoznika s više dobavljača pokazao se kao najbolje rješenje za smanjenje praznih kilometara, no sve ovisi o tome da li se radi o većem ili manjem prijevozniku, odnosno kako i na koji način posluje.Good organization of road freight transport is of great importance for the entire supply chain. The organization of freight transportation depends on the route of travel and the type of form chosen for a particular trip. Considering the strong development of global production and the consequent high demand for transport services, road freight transport plays an important role. The high demand for transportation services has led to the occurrence of empty rides in these transportation operations. This has emerged as one of the major problems of road freight transportation. With the implementation of various projects and mechanisms, attempts are being made to find a solution to this problem. The concept of shared driving and connecting carriers with multiple suppliers proved to be the best solution to reduce empty rides, but it all depends on whether it is a larger or smaller carrier, i.e. how and in what way it operates
Technology and organization of maritime transportation
No full textTehnologija i organizacija pomorskog prometa igraju ključnu ulogu u globalnoj trgovini i povezanosti. Pomorski sektor ima presudnu važnost u transportu tereta i putnika preko vodenih površina, uključujući morske, riječne i jezerske rute. Tehnologija pomorskog prometa značajno je napredovala tijekom godina, obuhvaćajući razvoj modernih plovila s učinkovitom potrošnjom goriva, automatiziranih pogonskih i navigacijskih sustava te digitalnih alata za praćenje i sigurnost tereta. Organizacija pomorskog prometa uključuje niz bitnih dionika i procesa. To uključuje brodovlasnike, prijevoznike, špeditere, lučke vlasti, osiguravatelje i inspektore. Logistička koordinacija uključuje određivanje optimalnih ruta, planiranje dolazaka i odlazaka plovila, rukovanje teretom, carinske procedure i skladištenje. Infrastruktura luke je od izuzetne važnosti za olakšavanje učinkovite manipulacije teretom, obuhvaćajući luke, željeznice, skladišta i terminale. Tehnologija i organizacija pomorskog prometa su esencijalni čimbenici neometane globalne trgovine i povezanosti. Napredak tehnologije i unapređenja u organizaciji imaju značajnu ulogu u povećanju produktivnosti, smanjenju troškova i ublažavanju ekološkog utjecaja u ovoj vitalnoj industriji.The technology and organization of maritime transport play a key role in global trade and connectivity. The maritime sector has a crucial importance in the transport of cargo and passengers over water surfaces, including sea, river and lake routes. Maritime technology has advanced significantly over the years, encompassing the development of modern, fuel-efficient vessels, automated propulsion and navigation systems, and digital tools for cargo tracking and security. The organization of maritime transport includes a number of essential stakeholders and processes. This includes ship owners, carriers, freight forwarders, port authorities, insurers and inspectors. Logistics coordination includes determining optimal routes, planning vessel arrivals and departures, cargo handling, customs procedures and storage. Port infrastructure is of utmost importance to facilitate the efficient handling of cargo, including ports, railways, warehouses and terminals. Maritime transport technology and organization are essential factors in smooth global trade and connectivity. Advances in technology and improvements in organization play a significant role in increasing productivity, reducing costs and mitigating environmental impact in this vital industry