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Oil spill preparedness and response systems: PISCES II system
No full textOnečišćenja naših mora uljima globalni su problem koji se ne može dovoljno prenaglasiti. Uništavanje morske flore i faune kao nusprodukt industrijskih djelovanja dobiva sve više na pozornosti u posljednjim desetljećima. Destruktivno ponašanje odgovornih ljudi i nemaran odnos industrije prema okolišu u povijesti se pokazao neodrživim i zapravo jako skupim. Nesreće brodova povezane s onečišćenjem mora uljima dovele su do velikog broja međunarodnih konvencija i zakonskih regulativa. Diljem svijeta razvijeni su sustavi za prevenciju nastanka takvih događaja i otklanjanje posljedica koje za sobom nose. Razvijene su tehnologije i oprema koji pomažu u pripremi i sanaciji onečišćenja te propisani planovi postupanja kod nastanka ovih izvanrednih događaja. PISCES II kao sofisticirani alat za simulacije onečišćenja otvara nove mogućnosti primjene i implementacije u postojeće sustave. Republika Hrvatska ulaže sve više sredstava u očuvanje svog morskog okoliša no postavlja se pitanje spremnosti i nadogradnje postojećeg sustava za reakcije na onečišćenja mora uljima.The pollution of our seas with oil is a global problem that cannot be overstated. The destruction of marine flora and fauna as a byproduct of industrial activities has garnered increasing attention in recent decades. Destructive behavior by individuals and the industry's negligent attitude towards the environment have proven unsustainable and, in fact, quite costly throughout history. Ship accidents related to sea oil pollution have led to numerous international conventions and law regulations. Worldwide, systems for preventing such incidents and addressing their consequences have been developed. Technologies and equipment have been devised to aid in preparedness and remediation of pollution, and procedures for responding to these extraordinary events have been established. PISCES II, as a sophisticated tool for simulating pollution, opens up new possibilities for application and integration into existing systems. The Republic of Croatia is investing increasingly in preserving its marine environment, but questions arise about the readiness and enhancement of the existing system for responding to oil pollution
Sexually transmitted dieseas
No full textIzmeđu velikog broja javno zdravstvenih problema suvremenog svijeta, poseban
značaj imaju spolno prenosive bolesti i to iz dva razloga: proširenost u nerazvijenim ali i
razvijenim zemljama te brojnost komplikacija koje izazivaju prvenstveno u medicinskoj ali
i posljedično u društvenoj domeni. Mogu se prenijeti sa inficirane osobe na zdravu osobu
spolnim odnosom ali i nespolnim putem npr. krvlju, upotrebom inficiranog predmeta ili sa
majke na novorođenče. Pri navedenom koriste se dva termina i to spolno prenosive bolesti
kao stanje s već zamjetnim simptomima i spolno prenosive infekcije kao prisutnost
potencijalnog uzročnika u organizmu. Teško zamjetni simptomi ili nepojavljivanje
simptoma pogoduje širenju bolesti, kasnom otkrivanju i kroničnom narušavanju zdravlja pa
i smrtnosti. Razlikuje se veći broj spolno prenosivih bolesti uzrokovanih virusima,
bakterijama i parazitima, razlikuju se neke „klasične“ spolno prenosive bolesti npr. sifilis,
genitalni herpes, stidna ušljivost i sl. od spolno prenosivih bolesti suvremenog doba poput
AIDS, hepatitis B i hepatitis C. Sve navedeno razlogom je posebnog posvećivanja pažnje i
poduzimanja različitih aktivnosti i mjera na nivou Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije i na
nacionalnim razinama.
Suzbijanje spolno prenosivih bolesti, liječenje ali prije svega prevencija i kontrola
moraju biti integralni dio cjelovitog sustava svih zdravstvenih službi usmjerenih prema
spolnom i reproduktivnom zdravlju ne samo u nerazvijenim zemljama već i u razvijenim
zemljama. Spoznaja cjelokupne društvene zajednice, svih dobnih skupina populacije, svih
obrazovnih struktura, svih profesija o prijetnjama spolno prenosivih bolesti doprinjeti će
zaštiti ne samo spolnog i reproduktivnog zdravlja već će umanjiti i stigmatizaciju oboljelih
te osigurati kvalitetnu „zdravu“ budućnost generacijama koje dolaze.Among the numerous public health issues of the modern world, sexually transmitted
diseases (STDs) hold special significance for two reasons: their prevalence in both
underdeveloped and developed countries and they can lead to various complications,
primarily in the medical field but also in society. They can be transmitted from an infected
person to a healthy individual through sexual intercourse, as well as through non-sexual
means such as blood contact, the use of infected objects, or from mother to newborn. Two
terms are used in this context: "sexually transmitted diseases" refer to conditions with
noticeable symptoms, while "sexually transmitted infections" indicate the presence of
potential pathogens in the body. Subtle or asymptomatic symptoms facilitate the spread of
the disease, delay detection, and lead to chronic health impairments, even mortality. There
is a wide range of sexually transmitted diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, and parasites,
including "classic" STDs like syphilis, genital herpes, pubic lice, and others, as well as
modern-era STDs such as AIDS, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. Because of all this, it's crucial
to pay special attention and take various actions and measures at both the global level
through organizations like the World Health Organization and at the national level.
Combating sexually transmitted diseases, providing treatment, but most importantly,
focusing on prevention and control, should be an integral part of the comprehensive
healthcare system, addressing sexual and reproductive health, not only in underdeveloped
countries but also in developed ones. Raising awareness within society, among people of all
ages, educational backgrounds, and professions, about the threats posed by sexually
transmitted diseases, will help protect not only sexual and reproductive health but also
reduce the stigma associated with those affected and ensure a healthy future for generations
to come
Hydraulic pumps
No full textOvaj završni rad objašnjava principe rada pumpi koje se koriste u hidrauličkim postrojenjima , njihove karakteristike, elemente, prednosti i mane te načine upravljenja. Opisani su i kriteriji koji pumpe mogu zadovoljiti te mogući uzroci kvarova. Opisane su razne izvedbe pumpi podijeljene po osnovnim kategorijama.This thesis explains the principles of operation of pumps used in hydraulic plants, their characteristics, elements, advantages and disadvantages, and management methods. The criteria that the pumps can meet and the possible causes of failures are also described. Various pump designs are described, divided by basic categories
Fresh water automatization on ship
No full textRad daje kratak opis vode koja se koristi na brodu tretman, analizu, provjeru, čišćenje i nadopunjavanje sustava slatke vode. Isto tako pozornost rada je usmjerena prema regulatoru koji ima tri djelovanja (proporcionalno, integracijsko i derivacijsko) te se dijeli na šest tipova regulatora (P, I, D, PI, PD, PID). Nadalje, u drugom dijelu rada prikazan je učinak pojedinih tipova regulatora na sustavu rashladne slatke vode simulatora proizvođača Kongsberg. Zadnji dio opisuje pravilno podešavanje regulatora i najčešće kvarove na istom.The paper gives a brief description of the fresh water used on ships: treatment, analysis, verification, cleaning and replenishment of the fresh water system. The next part of the paper is directed towards the regulator which has three actions (proportional, integration and derivation) and is divided into six types of regulators (P, I, D, PI, PD, PID). Furthermore, in the second part of the paper, the effect of certain types of regulators on the fresh water cooling system on the Kongsberg simulator is presented. The final part describes the correct adjustment of the regulator and the most common malfunctions
Methanol and the IGF Codex
No full textPredmet ovog rada bio je metanol i IGF kodeks. Rad je strukturiran od 13 poglavlja, te sam se u istome bavio temama koje govore o samome metanolu, metanolu kao alternativnom gorivu, te IGF kodeksu koji je donesen od strane IMO-a kao potreba za određenim standardom sigurnosti. Sami počeci korištenja metanola sežu čak i do 40 godina unazad kad su se počele primjenjivati prve zakonske regulative što se tiče zaštite ekologije. Danas, zbog sve veće upotrebe i korištenja brodskog prometa, razmatraju se alternativna goriva kao što su metanol, biodizel ... tj. goriva koja svojim izgaranjem mnogo manje zagađuju nego goriva koja se sad koriste.
Zbog sve većega korištenja alternativnih goriva čija su svojstva uvelike drugačija od onih standardnih goriva, počinju se pojavljivati potrebe za određenim sigurnosnim standardima. U tu svrhu je donesen IGF kodeks koji zadaje određene norme koje brod u cjelini(posada i brod) mora poštivati kako bi koristio alternativno gorivo kao pogonsko gorivo.The subject of this paper work was methanol and the IGF codex. The work is structured from 13 chapters, and in the same I dealt with topics that talk about methanol itself, methanol as an alternative fuel, and the IGF code that was adopted by the IMO as a need for a certain safety standard. The very beginnings of using methanol go back 40 years, when the first legal regulations regarding environmental protection began to be applied. Today, due to the increasing use and use of ship traffic, alternative fuels such as methanol, biodiesel... actually fuels that are less polluting by their combustion than the fuels that are used now are being considered. Due to the increasing use of alternative fuels whose properties are very different from those of standard fuels, the need for certain safety standards is beginning to appear. For this purpose, the IGF code was adopted, which sets certain standards that the ship as a whole (crew and ship) must respect in order to use alternative fuel as a propellant
Analysis of the oil market in 2022 and the geostrategic potential of the Arctic
No full textPomorska industrija, kao jedna od temelja globalne trgovine i transporta, imala je ključnu ulogu u oblikovanju ekonomskih i društvenih trendova kroz povijest. Kao žila kucavica međunarodne trgovine, ovaj složeni i višestruki sektor obuhvaća široku lepezu industrija, od brodogradnje i upravljanja lukama, do pravnih regulativa i ekološke održivosti. U radu se analizira pomorska industrija, zalazeći u njezine ključne pokretače te njezine izazove s posebnim naglaskom na analizu naftnog tržišta i potencijale koje pruža područje Arktika. Pruža se uvid u pomorsko tržište te se opisuje svaki od četiri segmenta pomorskog tržišta koji ga definiraju. Nadalje, analizirani su povijesni naftni trendovi, njihovi utjecaji na svjetsko gospodarstvo te načini na koje geopolitika utječe na tržište.The maritime industry, as one of the foundations of global trade and transportation, has played a pivotal role in shaping economic and societal trends throughout history. As the lifeline of international trade, this complex and multifaceted sector encompasses a wide range of industries, from shipbuilding and port management to legal regulations and environmental sustainability. The thesis analyzes the maritime industry, delving into its key drivers and challenges with special emphasis on an analysis of the oil market, and the potential offered by the Arctic region. It provides an insight into the maritime market and describes each of the four segments that define maritime market. Furthermore, historical oil trends, their impacts on the global economy, and the ways in which geopolitics affects the market are analyzed
The impact of logistics on sustainable development
No full textUnutar ovog završnog rada teži se tome da se bolje objasni koliko logistika utječe na održivi razvoj. Održivost se postiže usklađivanjem ekonomskih, društvenih i ekoloških aspekata, a logistika ima veliki značaj u ostvarenju tog cilja. Integracijom tih aspekata, logistika pokreće održivi razvoj i uključuje ih u logističke procese. Zbog svih okolnosti s kojima se gospodarstvo susreće, koncept logistike i održivog razvoja implementira se u sva područja poslovanja. Takvim načinom poslovanja podiže se svijest ljudi i potiče ih na suradnju, što smanjuje mogućnost negativnih utjecaja na društvo i okoliš. Biti društveno odgovoran ključan je za uspjeh svakog poslovanja.Within this final work, the aim is to better explain how logistics affects the sustainable development. Sustainability is achieved by harmonizing economic, social and environmental aspects, and logistics is of great importance in achieving that goal. By integrating these aspects, logistics drives sustainable development and includes them in logistics processes. Due to all the circumstances that the economy faces, the concept of logistics and sustainable development is implemented in all areas of business. This way of doing business raises people's awareness and encourages them to cooperate, which reduces the possibility of negative impacts on society and the environment. Being socially responsible is crucial for the success of any business
Influence of cylinder lubrication on main engine operation
No full textU ovom radu objašnjene su važne karakteristike cilindarskih ulja, opisani su glavni dijelovi sustava za podmazivanje cilindara, njihov princip rada te u konačnici i utjecaj cilindarskog ulja na rad glavnog motora. Testiranja rada takvog sustava provedena su na Kongsberg simulatoru (MC90-V) prateći ponašanje sustava pod utjecajem raznih količina cilindarskog ulja u cilindru, počevši od najmanje vrijednosti (10%) pa sve do najviše (100%) dok je motor u tzv. „Full Ahead“ režimu rada i brod opterećen s maksimalnim kapacitetom tereta.In this final paper important characteristics of cylinder oils are explained, main parts of cylinder lubrication system and their working principle are described and finally the influence of cylinder oil on the operation of the main engine is described. Testing of such system was carried out on a Kongsberg simulator (MC90-V), following the behaviour of the system under the influence of various amounts of cylinder oil in the cylinder, starting from the lowest value (10%) up to the highest (100%) while the engine is in „Full Ahead“ mode of operation and the ship is loaded with maximum cargo capacity
Tourism and sustainable development in the coastal area
No full textTurizam je danas globalna industrija koja svake godine uključuje stotine milijuna ljudi u međunarodna i domaća putovanja. Turizam spada u najdinamičnije gospodarske grane i predstavlja važan generator prihoda, zapošljavanja i razvoja. Turizam pruža ne samo zabavu i zadovoljstvo putnicima, već ima i šire društvene, kulturne i ekonomske implikacije. Kao ključni faktor za mnoge zemlje, turizam privlači strane investicije i generira prihode od posjetitelja. Razvoj turizma stvara nova radna mjesta i potiče rast drugih sektora kao što su ugostiteljstvo, prijevoz, trgovina i kulturne industrije. Međutim, istovremeno turizam nosi i određene izazove. Prekomjerni turizam može imati negativne ekološke posljedice, uključujući onečišćenje okoliša, degradaciju prirodnih resursa i prekomjernu potrošnju vode i energije. Uzimajući u obzir ove izazove, održivi razvoj turizma postaje sve važniji. Održivi turizam promiče odgovorno putovanje, s naglaskom na zaštitu okoliša, očuvanje kulturne baštine i poboljšanje kvalitete života lokalnih zajednica. Implementacija održivih praksi može pomoći u očuvanju prirodnih i kulturnih bogatstava te potaknuti ekonomski razvoj na lokalnoj razini.Tourism is a global industry today that involves hundreds of millions of people in international and domestic travel every year. Tourism is one of the most dynamic economic sectors and represents a significant generator of revenue, employment, and development. Tourism provides not only entertainment and pleasure to travelers but also has broader social, cultural, and economic implications. As a key factor for many countries, tourism attracts foreign investments and generates income from visitors. The development of tourism creates new jobs and stimulates growth in other sectors such as hospitality, transportation, trade, and cultural industries. However, at the same time, tourism also presents certain challenges. Excessive tourism can have negative environmental consequences, including pollution, degradation of natural resources, and excessive consumption of water and energy. Considering these challenges, sustainable tourism development is becoming increasingly important. Sustainable tourism promotes responsible travel, with an emphasis on environmental protection, preservation of cultural heritage, and improvement of the quality of life for local communities. The implementation of sustainable practices can help preserve natural and cultural resources and stimulate economic development at the local level
Methods for detecting marine pollution on the seabed using underwater remotely operated vehicles (ROVs)
No full textU ovom diplomskom radu istražena je problematika morskog otpada kroz analizu vrsta, izvora onečišćenja i geografske raspodjele. Posebna važnost je pridana detaljnoj analizi plastičnog onečišćenja kao jednog od najzastupljenijih oblika otpada u morskom okolišu. Također su analizirani pravni okviri za nadzor otpada i postojeće metode detekcije na morskom dnu. Kroz studiju slučaja u uvali Selehovica primjenom ROV-a, istraženo je stanje onečišćenja morskim otpadom. Provedbom ovog istraživanja, cilj je pružiti uvid u stvarno stanje morskog otpada na odabranoj lokaciji. Kroz temeljitu analizu vizualnih podataka, istaknuta je važnost dobivanja preciznih informacija o količini i vrsti otpada prisutnog u tom području. Identificiranje vrste i količine otpada ključno je za usmjeravanje napora prema specifičnim izvorima onečišćenja i primjenu ciljanih mjera za smanjenje i sprječavanje daljnjeg onečišćenja. Rad ima za cilj podizanje svijesti o važnosti održivog upravljanja otpadom i očuvanju morskog okoliša.This master's thesis explores the issue of marine litter through an analysis of its types, sources, and geographical distribution. Special emphasis is placed on conducting a detailed analysis of plastic pollution as one of the most prevalent forms of waste in the marine environment. Furthermore, the study analyzes the legal frameworks for waste monitoring and the existing methods for detecting marine pollution on the seabed. Through a case study conducted in Selehovica Bay, utilizing remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), the thesis investigates the state of marine debris pollution in the area. The primary goal of this research is to gain insights into the actual state of marine litter at the chosen location. By conducting a thorough analysis of visual data, the study highlights the significance of obtaining accurate information regarding the quantity and types of waste present in the region. Identifying the specific types and quantities of litter is vital for directing efforts towards targeted pollution sources and implementing effective measures to reduce and prevent further contamination. Ultimately, this thesis aims to raise awareness about the importance of sustainable waste management and the preservation of the marine environment