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Prevention of sea pollution with sanitary wastewater from cruise ships
No full textTema istraživanja ovog završnog rada je sprječavanje onečišćenja mora sanitarnim otpadnim
vodama s kruzera. Kruzer je veliki putnički brod koji se koristi za organizirana putnička
krstarenja. Kruzerski turizam je oblik turizma koji se zasniva na putovanjima tijekom kojih
putnici mogu istraživati različite destinacije i uživati u različitim aktivnostima i sadržajima koji
se nude na brodu. Kruzeri su u posljednjih tridesetak godina sve popularniji oblik turizma,
donose udobnost i raznolikost iskustava putnicima diljem svijeta. Međutim, njihova sve veća
prisutnost također nosi odgovornost za zaštitu osjetljivog morskog ekosustava i očuvanje
kvalitete okoliša. U ovom završnom radu je istražen problem onečišćenja mora sanitarnim
otpadnim vodama koje potječu s kruzera te istražuje utjecaj takvog onečišćenja na morski
ekosustav. Kroz analizu popularnosti kruzerskog turizma, porasta broja putnika i utjecaja rasta
kruzerske industrije na okoliš, u radu je istaknuta potreba za regulacijama i inovacijama.
Emisije stakleničkih plinova i onečišćivača zraka s kruzera doprinose globalnom zatopljenju i
onečišćenju zraka u obalnim područjima. Povećana potrošnja energije, resursa i vode na
kruzerima također može imati negativne posljedice na okoliš. Stoga je važno pronaći održivi
pristup kruzerskom turizmu koji će minimizirati njegov negativan utjecaj na okoliš, što
uključuje primjenu naprednih tehnologija za pročišćavanje otpadnih voda, regulacije koje
ograničavaju ispuštanje štetnih tvari u more, te promjene u dizajnu brodova kako bi se smanjila
potrošnja resursa i emisija.The research topic of this thesis is the prevention of marine pollution from sanitary wastewater
from cruise ships. A cruise ship is a large passenger ship used for organized passenger cruises.
Cruise tourism is a form of tourism based on travel where passengers can explore different
destinations and enjoy various activities and facilities offered on board. Cruise ships have
become an increasingly popular form of tourism over the past thirty years, offering comfort and
diverse experiences to travelers around the world. However, their increasing presence also
brings with it the responsibility to protect the fragile marine ecosystem and maintain the quality
of the environment. This thesis explores the problem of marine pollution from cruise shipderived sewage and examines the impact of such pollution on the marine ecosystem. By
analyzing the popularity of cruise tourism, the increase in passenger numbers, and the impact
of the growth of the cruise industry on the environment, the paper highlights the need for
regulations and innovation. Emissions of greenhouse gasses and air pollutants from cruise ships
contribute to global warming and air pollution in coastal areas. Increased energy, resource and
water consumption by cruise ships can also have negative environmental consequences.
Therefore, it is important to adopt a sustainable approach to cruise tourism that minimizes its
negative impact on the environment. This includes the use of advanced technologies for
wastewater treatment, regulations to limit the discharge of pollutants into the sea, and changes
in ship design to reduce resource consumption and emissions
Transport chain and logistics offer
No full textOvaj rad sadrži opsežan pregled transportnog lanca i logističke ponude, naglašavajući ključnu ulogu tehnološke inovacije i prakse održivosti. Pružatelji logističkih usluga koriste naprednu tehnologiju i globalne mreže kako bi osigurali pravovremenu i ekonomičnu dostavu, bilo unutar zemlje ili međunarodno. Prakse održivosti, poput optimizacije ruta i ekološki prihvatljivih izvora energije, sve više se integriraju u logistička rješenja kako bi se smanjio ekološki utjecaj. Kroz razne strategije dostave i optimalne lokacije skladišta, smanjuju se troškovi i vrijeme distribucije. Učinkovita integracija tehnoloških inovacija, igra ključnu ulogu u poboljšanju operativne učinkovitosti. Proučavanje optimalnih ruta i modaliteta doprinosi smanjenju troškova i vremena transporta. Održivost se postiže kroz strategije poput korištenja ekološki prihvatljivih vozila i drugih inovativnih rješenja. Usklađivanje s promjenjivim tržišnim okolnostima, upotreba novih tehnologija i primjena održivih principa ključni su faktori za postizanje uspjeha u brzo mijenjajućem području logističkog upravljanja i lanca opskrbe, dok je razvoj metoda prijevoza, transformirao pristup međunarodnom poslovanju.This final paper provides a comprehensive overview of the transport chain and logistics offer, highlighting the key role of technology integration and sustainability of the practice. Logistics service providers use advanced technology and global networks to ensure timely and economical delivery, whether domestically or internationally. Sustainability practices, such as route optimization and environmentally friendly energy sources, are increasingly being integrated into logistics solutions to reduce environmental impact. Through various delivery strategies and optimal warehouse locations, costs and time distribution are reduced. Effective integration of technological innovations plays a key role in improving operational efficiency. The study of optimal routes and modalities contributes to the reduction of transport costs and time. Sustainability is achieved through strategies of using environmentally friendly vehicles and other innovative solutions. Adapting to changing market circumstances, the use of new technologies and the application of sustainable principles are key factors for achieving success in the rapidly changing field of logistics management and supply chain, while the development of transportation methods have transformed the approach to international business
Sustainable logistics
No full textOvim završnim radom pokušati će se prikazati koliko je planiranje i održivost važna u
današnjem svijetu poslovanja. Stoga je logistika i njezina održivost jedna od vrlo važnih stavki
za sva veća poduzeća. Budućnost svih nas krhka je ako se ne uvedu promjene u svijetu i time se
pokuša spriječiti negativne posljedice tih velikih poduzeća. Vrlo je važno osvijestiti potrošače i
proizvođače o poslijedicama velike potrošnje bez ciljeva koje zalaže održiva logistika. I samim
time poboljšati proces stvaranja novih proizvoda, prijevoza i korištenja resursa.This final work will try to show how important planning and sustainability are in today`s
business world. Therefore, logistics and its sustainability is one of the very important items for
all larger companies. The future of all of us is fragile if changes are not introduced in the world
and an attempt is made to prevent the negative consequences of these large companies. It is very
important to make consumers and producers aware of the consequences of large consumptions
without the goals advocated by sustainable logistics. And thereby improve the process of
creating new products, transportation and resource use
Ecology and green logistics
No full textTema ovoga završnog rada je ekologija i zelena logistika. Ekologija pokušava pronaći uzroke i rješenja za mnogobrojne probleme u okolišu, a zelena logistika je jedno od ekoloških rješenja za minimiziranje negativnog utjecaja na okoliš. Zelenom logistikom se stvara ekološki održiva budućnost, ali i bolje poslovanje same tvrtke. Cilj ovog rada je istražiti na koje načine logističke aktivnosti utječu na okoliš. Kroz rad je definiran pojam, razvoj, svrha, ciljevi i vrste logistike. Objašnjene su definicije termina ekologije te su navedena njena načela i vrste. Navedeni su uzroci onečišćenja okoliša i posljedice koje ugrožavaju svakodnevan život živih bića. Pobliže je objašnjeno značenje pojma zelena logistika te njen razvoj, ciljevi, komponente i razlika između zelene logistike i povratne logistike. Analizirani su primjeri zelenih logističkih tvrtki.The theme of this paper is green logistics and ecology. Ecology tries to find causes and solutions for numerous problem in the environment, and green logistics is one of the ecological solutions for minimizing the negative impact on the environment. Green logistics creates an ecologically sustainable future, but also better operations of the company. The aim of this paper is to investigate the ways in which logistics activities affect the environment. The term, development, purpose, goals and types of logistics are defined through the work. Definitions of the term ecology are explained and its principles and types are listed. The causes of environmental pollution and consequences that threaten the daily life of living beings are listed. The meaning of the term green logistics and its development, goals, components and the difference between green logistics and reverse logistics are explained in more detail. Examples of green logistics companies were analyzed
Partial comparative analysis of space weather effects on GPS positioning in equatorial areas
No full textSvemirsko vrijeme veoma je promjenjivo i značajno ovisi o Sunčevoj aktivnosti.
Promjene uvjeta svemirskog vremena uzrokuju promjene u okolišu Sunce – Zemlja, posebice
u ionosferi. Ionosfera je najvažniji medij kroz koji prolazi satelitski signal s obzirom na točnost
određivanja položaja GPS sustavom. Koncentracija slobodnih elektrona u ionosferi uzrokuje
pogrešku u točnosti određivanja položaja GPS sustavom koja se naziva ionosfersko kašnjenje i
ujedno je najznačajnija samostalna pogreška točnosti određivanja položaja GPS sustavom. U
ovom diplomskom radu provedeno je istraživanje na temelju kojeg je analiziran utjecaj
svemirskog vremena na točnost određivanja položaja GPS sustavom u ekvatorijalnom
području. Istraživanje je provedeno u dva vremenska razdoblja, ok kojih je jedno razdoblje
mirnih uvjeta svemirskog vremena, a drugo razdoblje narušenih uvjeta svemirskog vremena.
Geografsko područje istraživanja je područje triju IGS stanica od kojih su dvije smještene u
Francuskoj Gvajani, a jedna u Brazilu. Na temelju položajnih zapisa IGS stanica proračunata
su odstupanja položaja u oba razdoblja, napravljena je statistička analiza odstupanja položaja i
uspoređene su vrijednosti. Također, položaj je, osim SPP – om, određen i DGPS – om kako bi
se mogao usporediti utjecaj svemirskog vremena na točnost određivanja položaja s obzirom na
SPP i DGPS način određivanja položaja. Za ispravak ionosferskog kašnjenja korišten je
Klobucharov model te je analizirana njegova učinkovitost. Vremenska razdoblja istraživanja
opisana su pomoću pokazatelja stanja svemirskog vremena nad kojima je također napravljena
statistička analiza. Provedenim istraživanjem ustanovljeno je da svemirsko vrijeme ima
značajan utjecaj na točnost određivanja položaja te da su odstupanja položaja manja za vrijeme
mirnih uvjeta svemirskog vremena. Također je ustanovljeno da svemirsko vrijeme značajno
više utječe na SPP način određivanja položaja, nego na DGPS te da se upotrebom
Klobucharovog modela smanjuje utjecaj ionosferskog kašnjenja što za posljedicu ima
poboljšanje točnosti određivanja položaja GPS sustavom.Space weather is highly variable and significantly depends on the activity of the Sun.
Changes in space weather conditions cause changes in the Sun – Earth environment, especially
in the ionosphere. The ionosphere is the most important medium through which the satellite
signal passes regarding to the positioning accuracy using the GPS system. The concentration of
free electrons in the ionosphere causes positioning error, which is called ionospheric delay and
is also the most significant independent positioning error. In this thesis research was made based
on the space weather effects on GPS positioning in equatorial areas was analysed. The research
refers to two time periods, one of which is a period of calm space weather conditions, and the
other a period of disturbed space weather conditions. The geographical area of the research is
the area of three IGS stations, two of which are located in French Guiana, and one in Brazil.
Based on the position records of the IGS stations, the position deviations in both periods were
calculated, a statistical analysis of the position deviations was made, and the values were
compared. Except SPP method, the position was also determined by DGPS in order to be able
to compare the effects of space weather on the position accuracy with regard to SPP and DGPS
position determination methods. The Klobuchar model was used to correct the ionospheric
delay and its effectiveness was analysed. The time periods of the research were described using
space weather parameters, which were also analysed statistically. In this thesis it was
established that space weather has a significant influence on position accuracy and that position
deviations are smaller during calm space weather conditions. It was also established that space
weather has a significantly greater influence on position accuracy when the position is
determined by SPP than when determined by DGPS and that the use of the Klobuchar model
reduces the influence of the ionospheric delay, which results in an improvement in the accuracy
of GPS positioning
Comparison of SQL and NoSQL databases
No full textUsporedba SQL i NoSQL baza podataka otkriva jedinstvene kvalitete, prednosti i nedostatke ovih tipova baze podataka. SQL baze podataka idealne su za aplikacije koje zahtijevaju integritet podataka i jasno definirane sheme jer su izvrsne u upravljanju strukturiranim podacima, kompliciranim odnosima i visokoj dosljednosti. NoSQL baze podataka najbolji su izbor za obradu velikih podataka, platforme društvenih medija te suvremene web i mobilne aplikacije jer pružaju fleksibilnost, skalabilnost i agilnost u upravljanju nestrukturiranim podacima. U ovome radu pokušati će se približiti na koji način odabrati najbolji alat prema zahtjevima aplikacije, prirodi podataka i željenoj razini skalabilnosti.A comparison of SQL and NoSQL databases reveals the unique qualities, advantages, and disadvantages of these database types. SQL databases are ideal for applications that require data integrity and clearly defined schemas because they excel at managing structured data, complicated relationships, and high consistency. NoSQL databases are the best choice for big data processing, social media platforms, and modern web and mobile applications because they provide flexibility, scalability, and agility in managing unstructured data. This paper will try to approach how to choose the best tool according to the requirements of the application, the nature of the data and the desired level of scalability
Evaluation of working efficiency, rewarding and motivation in companies
No full textProcjena radne učinkovitosti, nagrađivanje i motivacija su međuzavisni pojmovi koji utječu na produktivnost zaposlenika. Motivacija jest glavna pokretačka snaga zaposlenika te ista utječe na radnu učinkovitost pojedinca, dok su sustavi nagrađivanja sredstvo kojima se menadžeri koriste kako bi povećali razinu motivacije zaposlenika. Cilj rada je objasniti značaj razvoja upravljanja ljudskim potencijalima s naglaskom na procjenu radne učinkovitosti, nagrađivanje i motivaciju. U radu su pojašnjene osnovne značajke upravljanja ljudskim potencijalima. Nadalje, u radu su pojašnjene metode procjene radne učinkovitosti te najčešće pogreške prilikom procjene. U radu su analizirane i značajke nagrađivanja te motivacije. Glavni dio rada odnosi se na istraživanje provedeno na temelju anketnog upitnika koji se odnosi na zadovoljstvo i motivaciju zaposlenika u malim poduzećima.Evaluation of work efficiency, rewarding and motivation are interdependent concepts that affect employee productivity. Motivation is the main driving force of employees and it affects the work efficiency of an individual, while reward systems are a tool used by managers to increase the level of employee motivation. The purpose of the work is to explain the significance of the development of human resources management with an emphasis on the evaluation of work efficiency, rewards and motivation. The paper explains the basic features of human resources management. Furthermore, the methods of evaluating work efficiency and the most common errors during evaluation are explained in the paper. The paper also analyzed the features of reward and motivation. The main part of the work refers to research conducted on the basis of a survey questionnaire related to the satisfaction and motivation of employees in small companies
Simulation of an electronics store in FlexSim
No full textSimulacijsko modeliranje je glavna metoda modeliranja sustava. Pomoću simulacijskog modeliranja se dolazi do lakšeg razumijevanja raznih složenih dinamičkih sustava koji se nalaze unutar znanosti, uslužnih djelatnosti ili industrije. Mora se prvo izvršiti detaljna analiza sustava, kako bi se saznali svi podaci koji su važni za ispravni rad modela. Tek onda se može početi unositi te podatke u simulacijski program. Prilikom izrade modela nužne su odgovarajući alati i računalne aplikacije. Za izradu simulacijskog modela prodavaonice elektroničke opreme se rabila aplikacija FlexSim. Ona je namijenjena za simulaciju diskretnih događaja. FlexSim sadrži objektno orijentirano okruženje koje se veoma lako i efikasno koristi za napredak simulacijskog modela uz praćenje i vizualizaciju aktivnosti procesa. Nakon same izrade modela unutar aplikacije FlexSim, pokrenuta je simulacija koja je dala rezultate na postavljena pitanja putem grafova.Simulation modeling is the main method of system modeling. With the help of simulation modeling, it is easier to understand various complex dynamic systems that are found within science, service activities or industry. A detailed analysis of the system must first be performed, in order to find out all the data that is important for the correct operation of the model. Only then can you start entering this data into the simulation program. Appropriate tools and computer applications are necessary when creating models. The FlexSim application was used to create a simulation model of an electronic equipment store. It is intended for the simulation of discrete events. FlexSim contains an object-oriented environment that is very easy and efficient to use for the progress of the simulation model while monitoring and visualizing process activities. After the actual creation of the model within the FlexSim application, a simulation was started that gave results to the questions posed via graphs
Predictive maintenance of marine propulsion with reference to the propulsion electric motors
No full textPod savršenim uvjetima, rotirajući strojevi dizajnirani su za beskonačan život. Nažalost, savršeni uvjeti u praktičnoj primjeni ne postoje, stoga se nastoje proizvesti optimizirani radni uvjeti. Praćenje stanja ne poboljšava rad strojeva, ne odgađa kvar, međutim pruža ključne informacije o komponenti koja se prati kao što su cjelokupno stanje, moguće simptome kvara te njihovu ozbiljnost.
Tradicionalno, s prijenosnim izvan mrežnim uređajem, brodski operateri mogu pratiti stanje strojeva. Napredak ručnih sakupljača podataka učinio ih je vrlo isplativima i lakim za uporabu, tako omogućujući posadi bilo koje tehničke sposobnosti da sama prikuplja informativne podatke o strojevima. Danas se podaci mogu prikupljati i automatski u uređajima koji posjeduju bilježenje stanja sustava lokalno ili umreženo na zato predviđene memorijske medije. U svrhu praćenja stanja pogona, isto se tako putem interneta i satelitske komunikacije ovaka praćenja mogu izvršavati i daljinski u kompanijama koje su originalno i proizvođači opreme ili su registrirani upravo za daljinsku dijagnostiku te savjetovanje.
Klasificirana plovila upisana u program prediktivnog održavanja koja nisu imala program praćenja stanja tijekom pandemije izgubila su ključne podatke potrebne da ostanu uključena u moderne trendove optimizacije troškova u održavanju.
Prediktivno održavanje u pomorskoj industriji je još uvijek u početnoj fazi. Sa samo 2% registriranih plovila provodi programe praćenja u svrhu prediktivnog održavanja, tako da ovaj pristup održavanju možemo smatrati uglavnom nedovoljno istraženim. No kompanije koje se danas odlučuju na takav vid održavanja zasigurno prepoznaju financijsku dobrobit takvog održavanja, te zasigurno kroče u eru potpune autonomnosti pomorskih plovila.Under perfect conditions, rotating machines are designed for infinite life. Unfortunately, perfect conditions do not exist in practice, so efforts are made to create optimal working conditions. Condition monitoring does not improve machine operation or delay failure. It does, however, provide important information about the monitored component, such as its overall condition, possible failure symptoms and their severity.
Traditionally, ship operators can use a portable, off-grid device to monitor the condition of machinery. Advances in portable data acquisition devices have made them very inexpensive and easy to use, allowing crews to collect meaningful machinery data on their own, regardless of their technical skills. However, data can also be collected automatically today in devices that record the condition of the equipment locally or networked on designated storage media. Today, drive condition monitoring can be done remotely via the Internet and satellite communications in companies that are original equipment manufacturers or are specifically approved for remote diagnostics and consulting.
Classified ships participating in a predictive maintenance program that did not have a condition monitoring program in place during the pandemic lost critical data they needed to keep up with modern trends in optimizing maintenance costs.
Predictive maintenance is still in its infancy in the shipping industry. With only 2% of registered vessels conducting monitoring programs for the purpose of predictive maintenance, it is safe to assume that this approach to maintenance is still largely unexplored. But the companies opting for this type of maintenance today are undoubtedly realizing the financial benefits of such maintenance and are certainly entering the era of full autonomy for ocean-going vessels
Population Mobility Trends and Road Traffic Safety in the Republic of Croatia Respecting the Covid-19 Pandemic
No full textEarly in the spring of 2020, the COVID-19 disease pandemic occurred, and European Union members made the decision to restrict their borders to protect the public's health. Demand for travel and transportation services has decreased as a result of the epidemiological scenario brought on by the movement restriction. The research focuses on how mobility affects traffic safety in the Republic of Croatia, considering the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, with the aim of limiting human movement and contact in order to safeguard human health. In this paper, relevant traffic indicators and their effects on road traffic safety are analysed with the aim of analysing the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on mobility and traffic safety. The study compares safety indicators during different time periods, including before, during, and after the removal of restrictions prompted by a pandemic. The research aims to assess the impact of the pandemic on traffic safety and mobility patterns, providing valuable insights for future planning practices that incorporate emerging knowledge. The research aims to promote pedestrian and bicycle traffic, reduce air pollution, and contribute to global initiatives aimed at achieving road safety goals. Moreover, it offers a potential solution to help achieve the European policy targets for road mobility and safety by 2030