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    Regulatory actions

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    U ovom završnom radu prikazano je djelovanje automatskih sustava i njegovih članova. Dan je prikaz osnovnih pojmova iz automatike neophodnih za praćenje problematike automatskog upravljanja. Prikazane su značajke regulacijskih elemenata. Detaljno su obrađena regulacijska djelovanja i podešavanje regulatora, dane su značajke, uloga i mjesto različitih regulatora u regulacijskom krugu, te načini podešavanja regulatora.In this final paper, the operation of automatic systems and its members is demonstrated. The presentation of the basic terms from automation necessary for monitoring the problems of automatic control is given. Features of regulatory elements are shown. The regulatory actions and adjustment of the regulator are covered in detail, the features, role and place of different regulators in the regulation circuit are given, as well as ways of adjusting the regulator

    Selection and preparation of the ship for inspection (SIRE, CDI, PSC)

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    Glavni cilj ovog rada je analizirati Vetting i PSC inspekcije te njihov utjecaj na samu sigurnost broda, okoliša i ono najvažnije, ljudskih života. Kroz rad je ukratko definirana povijest nastajanja prvih inspekcija i objašnjena je razlika između istih. Daljnji dio rada baziran je na pripremi broda za inspekciju prema vlastitom iskustvu, završnom sastanku s inspektorom i pronalaženju primjedbi te proceduri nakon inspekcije.The main goal of this seminar is to analyze Vetting and PSC inspections and their impact on safety of the ship, the environment and the most important, human lives. The seminar briefly defines the history of the first inspections and explains the difference between them. The further part of this seminar is based on the preparation of the ship for the inspection according to own experience, the final meeting with the inspector and finding observations and procedure after inspection

    Teretnica

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    The subject of this final paper is a bill of lading (B/L). It is one of the essential transportation documents. This document has many different functions and depending on what type of bill of lading is mentioned, these functions can vary and change. Bill of lading consists of different parts that contain all the necessary information about the goods. Hague-Visby Rules are an important set of rules for international maritime business. This paper mentions 22 different types of bills of lading, each serving a different purpose, in a certain situation. Electronic bills of lading are not a new concept but are becoming more and more prominent lately. World-renowned companies and organizations are focused on improving their E-Bill systems and are actively pursuing the implementation of electronic bills of lading in all branches of transportation. Despite their huge potential, electronic bills of lading as a concept still have several disadvantages and are still facing major issues regarding the basic functionality of international business.Predmet ovog završnog rada je teretnica. To je jedna od najbitnijih prijevoznih isprava. Ovaj dokument ima mnogo različitih funkcija i ovisno o vrsti teretnice koja se spominje, te se funkcije mogu razlikovati i mijenjati. Teretnica se sastoji od različitih dijelova koji sadrže sve potrebne informacije o teretu. Hague-Visby Pravila su bitan skup pravila za međunarodno pomorsko poslovanje. Ovaj rad spominje 22 vrste teretnica, od kojih svaka služi različitoj svrsi, u određenoj situaciji. Elektroničke teretnice nisu novi koncept, ali u posljednje vrijeme postaju sve istaknutije. Svjetski poznate tvrtke i organizacije usmjerene su poboljšanju svojih E-bill sustava i aktivno provode integraciju elektroničkih teretnica u sve grane prijevoza. Unatoč njihovom ogromnom potencijalu, elektroničke teretnice kao koncept još uvijek imaju mnogo nedostataka i suočavaju se s velikim problemima osnovne funkcionalnosti u međunarodnom poslovanju

    Technology of transportation of chemicals by sea

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    U ovom radu detaljno je obrađena tema o tehnologiji prijevoza kemikalija morem. Može se reći da se kemikalije prevoze posebno konstruiranim brodovima koji su građeni po propisima da bi sigurno prevozili teret morem i da ne dođe do ugrožavanja ljudskih života i okoline. Definirane su kemikalije koje se prevoze i njihova kategorizacija. Definirani su i brodovi za prijevoz kemikalija i njihova konstrukcija. Rad istražuje različita tehnološka dostignuća implementirana u području kemijskog transporta, kao što su poboljšani sustavi za praćenje tereta, napredni sustavi za detekciju požara i plina, automatizirana oprema za rukovanje teretom i najsuvremeniji sustavi za isključivanje u slučaju nužde. Naglašava važnost uključivanja ovih tehnologija za povećanje sigurnosti, učinkovitosti i ekološke održivosti. U radu se naglašava značaj tehnološkog napretka u transportu kemikalija morem. Naglašava potrebu za kontinuiranim istraživanjem i razvojem, suradnjom između zainteresiranih strana u industriji i poštivanjem međunarodnih propisa kako bi se osigurao siguran i održiv prijevoz kemijskih tereta.This thesis deals with the topic of the technology of transporting chemicals by sea. It can be said that chemicals are transported by specially designed ships that are built according to regulations in order to safely transport cargo by sea and not endanger human lives and the environment. The chemicals being transported and their categorization are defined. Ships for the transport of chemicals and their construction as well as systems for the safe transport of chemicals by sea are also defined. The thesis explores various technological advancements implemented in the field of chemical transportation, such as improved cargo monitoring systems, advanced fire and gas detection systems, automated cargo handling equipment, and state-of-the-art emergency shutdown systems. It highlights the importance of incorporating these technologies to enhance safety, efficiency, and environmental sustainability. The thesis underscores the significance of technological advancements in the transportation of chemicals by sea. It emphasizes the need for continuous research and development, collaboration between industry stakeholders, and adherence to international regulations to ensure the safe and sustainable transport of chemical cargoes. The findings and recommendations presented in this thesis serve as a valuable resource for professionals, researchers, and policymakers involved in the field of chemical transportation and maritime safety

    Maritime direct current microgrids

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    U ovom je radu opisan način funkcioniranja brodskih istosmjernih mikromreža. Razrađeni su osnovni koncepti istosmjernog razvoda, što uključuje samu definiciju mikromreže, te prednosti odnosno nedostatke korištenja istosmjernog razvoda nad izmjeničnim razvodom na brodu. Govoreći o mikromrežama, opisane su koristi mikromreža van pomorstva, kao i način upravljanja njima. Opisane su sklopne tehnike istosmjernog razvoda i razni tipovi prekidača. Nadalje, razmatrana su baterijska skladišta energije kao jedan od načina plovidbe. Rad također razrađuje tematiku energetskih pretvarača kao način prijenosa energije. Definirani su načini spajanja brodskih istosmjernih mreža sa kopnenim sustavima, od kojih svaki način ima svoje prednosti i mane. U zaključku je objašnjena trenutna situacija, kao i budućnost istosmjernog razvoda u pomorstvu. Zaključak također na sažet način sintetizira cijeli rad te daje generalnu sliku i pregled brodskih istosmjernih mikromreža.In this thesis, the mode of functioning of maritime DC microgrids is described. The basic concepts of direct current distribution have been elaborated, which includes the very definition of microgrid, and the advantages and disadvantages of using direct current distribution over alternating current distribution on board. Speaking of microgrids, uses of microgrids outside of maritime activity is explained, as well as their control scheme. Switching techniques of direct current distribution and various types of switches are described. Furthermore, battery energy storage was considered as one of the ways of navigation. The thesis also elaborates on the topic of energy converters as a way of transferring energy. The methods of connecting the ship's direct current networks with land systems are defined, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages. Conclusion elaborates the current situation as well as the future of direct current distribution in maritime affairs. The conclusion also summarizes the entire paper in a concise manner and provides a general picture and overview of maritime DC microgrids

    Sustainability in Supply chain Management

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    U posljednja dva desetljeća velika se pozornost pridaje stanju okoliša te se tako sve više počela naglašavati važnost održivosti u dobavnim procesima. Upravo radi toga mnogo poduzeća se okreće ekološki prihvatljivom načinu poslovanja. Tim načinom uvelike se smanjuju nepotrebni troškovi, smanjuje količina otpada te uvođenjem novih tehnologija i načina transporta smanjuju se nepotrebne aktivnosti. Ovim načinom poslovanja poduzeće uvelike doprinosi svome rastu. Ulaganje u nove tehnologije, povratnu logistiku i zeleni način transporta u dobavnom lancu, uvelike doprinosi održivom razvoju poduzeća i smanjenju emisije štetnih plinova. U ovome radu definirani su dijelovi u dobavnom lancu te uloga održivosti u dobavnom lancu te primjeri održivih tehnologija. Kao dobar primjer primjene održivosti navedena je tvrtka Toyota Motor Corp.In the last two decades, great attention is given to the state of the environment, and because of it, the importance of sustainability in the supply chain is much more vital. It is precisely for this reason that many companies are turning to an environmentally friendly way of doing business. In this way, unnecessary costs and waste are significantly reduced, and by introducing new technologies and types of transport, unnecessary activities are decreased. Investing in new technologies, reverse logistics, and green transportation in the supply chain can greatly contribute to the sustainable development of the company and the reduction of harmful gas emissions. This paper defines the parts of the supply chain, the role of sustainability in the supply chain, and examples of sustainable technologies. Toyota Motor Corp. is described as a good example of the application of sustainability

    Influence of geomagnetic storm on satellite positioning in equatorial areas

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    Svemirsko vrijeme pod direktnim je utjecajem Sunčeve aktivnosti, što bi u prijevodu značilo što je Sunčeva aktivnost veća to je svemirsko vrijeme nestabinije. Svemirsko vrijeme opisuje se solarnim, geomagnetskim i ionosferskim pokazateljima. Jedan od najvećih učinaka svemirsko vrijeme ima na sloj Zemljine atmosfere koji se naziva ionosfera. Unutar ionosfere dolazi do različitih fenomema ovisno o geografskoj širini koja se promatra. Osim što poremećaj svemirskog vremena ima utjecaj na ionosferu, on doprinosi i stvaranju geomagnetskih oluja od kojih se jedna od najvećih dogodila se u ožujku 2015. godine. Ovaj diplomski rad bavi se navedenom olujom, točnije njezinim utjecajem na određivanje položaja korisnika u ekvatorijalnom pojasu. Promatran je dvotjedni period od 10. ožujka do 24. ožujka u kojem su se izmijenila tri razdoblja: mirno svemirsko vrijeme, geomagnetska oluja, smirivanje svemirskog vremena. Određene su tri referentne stanice te su podacima dobivenim s javnih i besplatnih baza podataka provedena istraživanja utjecaja geomagnetske oluje na određivanje položaja na svakoj referentnoj stanici. Nakon obrade dobivenih rezultata izvršena je usporedba istih sa rezultatima dobivenim za umjereni i polarni pojas.Space weather is directly influenced by solar activity, meaning that the higher the solar activity, the more unstable the space weather. Space weather is described using solar, geomagnetic, and ionospheric indicators. One of the significant impacts of space weather is on the layer of Earth's atmosphere called the ionosphere. Within the ionosphere, various phenomena occur depending on the observed geographic latitude. In addition to its influence on the ionosphere, space weather contributes to the formation of geomagnetic storms, one of which occurred in March 2015. This thesis focuses on that specific storm, specifically its impact on user positioning in the equatorial belt. A two-week period from March 10th to March 24th was observed, during which three periods alternated: quiet space weather, geomagnetic storm, and the calming of space weather. Three reference stations were selected, and research was conducted on the impact of the geomagnetic storm on positioning at each reference station using data obtained from public and free databases. After analyzing the results, a comparison was made with the results obtained for medium and polar latitudes

    Blockchain technologies

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    U ovome radu se opisuje detaljan pregled ulančanih blokova, njihovih aplikacija, prednosti i nedostataka u usporedbi sa tradicionalnim bazama podataka. Ulančani blokovi su dio inovativne tehnologije koja donosi privatnost, sigurnost, anonimnost, decentralizaciju i nepromjenjivost što ima široku primjenu u raznim područjima. Također će se naglasiti izazovi poput skalabilnosti, sigurnosti i regulacije koji se moraju riješiti kako bi se iskoristile sve prednosti ove tehnologije. Prikazujući primjere primjene u financijama, zdravstvu, upravljanju opskrbnim lancem i glasačkim sustavima, istražuje se kako ulančani blokovi imaju potencijal transformiranja različitih industrija. Konačno, razmotrit će se budućnost ulančanih blokova te potreba za daljnjim radom i istraživanjem kako bi se ostvario puni potencijal ove tehnologije.This paper describes a detailed overview of chain technologies, it's applications, advantages and disadvantages compared to traditional databases. Blockchains are part of an innovative technology that brings privacy, security, anonymity, decentralization and immutability, which has wide applications in various fields. Likewise, challenges will be emphasized regarding scalability, security, and regulations that must be addressed in order to take full advantage of this technology. Showing examples of applications in finance, healthcare, supply chain managment and voting systems, it explores how blockchains have the potential to transform various industries. Finally, the future of blockchains and the need for further work and research to realize the full potential of this technology will be considered

    Automation of ship air conditioning devices

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    Automatizacija brodskih klimatizacijskih uređaja predstavlja ključan faktor za osiguranje ugodnog i sigurnog okruženja na brodu. Sustavi automatske regulacije omogućuju precizno održavanje željenih parametara temperature, vlažnosti i protoka zraka u različitim prostorima broda. Senzori i upravljački sustavi omogućuju brze i pouzdane odgovore na promjene uvjeta, osiguravajući optimalno funkcioniranje i energetsku učinkovitost. Daljinski nadzor omogućuje brze intervencije i održavanje sustava, poboljšavajući putničko iskustvo, smanjujući troškove održavanja i povećavajući učinkovitost, čineći automatizaciju neizostavnim elementom u suvremenim brodskim sustavima. Predmet rada je istražiti automatizaciju brodskih klimatizacijskih uređaja i njezinu primjenu u pomorskoj industriji. Cilj je analizirati kako automatizacija utječe na učinkovitost, energetsku učinkovitost, udobnost putnika i posade te održavanje klimatizacijskih sustava na brodovima.Automation of ship air conditioning systems is a crucial factor in ensuring a comfortable and safe environment on board. Automatic control systems enable precise maintenance of desired temperature, humidity, and airflow parameters in various areas of the ship. Sensors and control systems provide fast and reliable responses to changing conditions, ensuring optimal operation and energy efficiency. Remote monitoring allows for swift interventions and system maintenance, enhancing passenger experience, reducing maintenance costs, and increasing efficiency, making automation an essential element in modern maritime systems. The subject of this study is to explore the automation of ship air conditioning systems and its application in the maritime industry. The aim is to analyze how automation impacts efficiency, energy efficiency, passenger and crew comfort, and the maintenance of air conditioning systems on ships

    Regasification steam boilers systems on FSRU „Suez Neptune“

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    Tema ovog rada su sustavi generatora pare na jedinicama za prihvat, skladištenje i ponovno uplinjavanje prirodnog plina (eng. „Floating storage, regasification unit“- FSRU). Zadaća pare proizvedene u generatoru pare je predati toplinu ukapljenom prirodnom plinu u izmjenjivačima topline koji se nalaze u jedinicama za ponovno uplinjavanje. Predajom topline prirodni plin isparava te se u plinovitom stanju šalje u cjevovod na obali. Objašnjeno je zašto para prvo grije zatvoreni sustav glikola/vode umjesto direktnog grijanja prirodnog plina. U radu je i opis sustava i dijelova generatora pare i jedinice za ponovno uplinjavanje.The topic of this final thesis is about systems of steam boilers used on Floating Storage, Regasification Units (FSRU). Steam produced in those boilers is used in heat exhangers in regasification skids to transfer heat to liquified natural gas (LNG). With heat transfer natural gas evaporates and it is sent out to land pipeline in gaseous state. It is explained why steam first heats closed glycol/water loop instead of heating LNG directly. Also there is description of systems and parts of steam boilers and regasification skids

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