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Protection of the sea against invasive organisms carried by ships
No full textInvazivne vrste predstavljaju jednu od najvećih prijetnji za ekosustave, a brojne štete uzrokovane njihovim unošenjem u nova područja dogodile se su prijenosom pomoću brodova. Veliki dio takvih vrsta prenese se putem vodenog balasta kojeg brod uzima usisavanjem mora, a koristi ga radi osiguranja stabilnosti i postizanja manevarskih sposobnosti. Kada brod stigne u luku ukrcaja, izbacuje balastne vode nazad u more, te tako razne morske vrste čini invazivnima. Tijekom boravka broda u luci, brojni organizmi će pokušati nastaniti dijelove trupa i tako dospjeti u nova obalna područja. Uslijed sve češćih šteta uzrokovanih invazivnim vrstama, pokrenuti su brojni postupci, prvenstveno u pravnom smislu, radi poticanja brodara na poduzimanje kvalitetnijih radnji u svrhu sprječavanja širenja invazivnih vrsta, a time i razvijanje naprednijih sustava s tim ciljevima.Invasive species are one of the biggest threats to ecosystems and countless damages that were caused by their introduction into new areas happened trough transport by ships. Large part of such species is transferred trough water ballast which the ship obtains by suctioning the sea and it is used to achieve stability and good manoeuvrability. When the ship arrives in a port, ballast water is discharged back to sea which causes various marine organisms to become invasive. While in port, numerous organisms will try to attach to the hull and thus reach other coastal regions. Due to ever more frequent damages caused by invasive species, many procedures, most legally oriented, were put in place, with the goal of incentivizing shipowners to take best possible actions in order to prevent the spread of such species, and in doing so, developing more advanced systems with the same goals
Insurance of marine offshore facilities
No full textPomorsko osiguranje ima ključnu važnost u zaštiti interesa povezanih s pomorskim aktivnostima. Pomorski odobalni objekti često su izloženi različitim prirodnim katastrofama ili industrijskim rizicima te zbog toga moraju sadržavati potvrde o usklađenosti s propisanim pravilima i kodeksima koji se tiču sigurnosti. Osiguranje u kojem je predmet osiguranja odobalni objekt, opisuje se kroz slučaj velike ekološke katastrofe i masovnog izlijevanja nafte u Meksičkom zaljevu zbog ljudske nepažnje i nepoštivanja osnovnih sigurnosnih mjera. Lloyds of London pokriva rizike iz nastale pomorske nesreće, a za štetu je odgovorna tvrtka British Petroleum koja je pristala platiti milijarde američkih dolara u naknadama za štetu i kazne izdane od strane savezne vlade. Katastrofa naftne platforme pokrenula je pritisak na povećanje stopa osiguranja koje ima važnu ulogu u očuvanju i razvoju pomorske infrastrukture na način da doprinosi zaštiti i stabilnosti gospodarskih resursa, a ujedno je ključno smanjenje rizika od nastanka pomorskih nesreća.Marine insurance plays a key role in protecting interests related to maritime activities. Maritime offshore facilities are often exposed to various natural disasters or industrial risks and therefore must contain certificates of compliance with prescribed rules and codes concerning safety. Insurance in which the subject of insurance is an offshore object is described through the case of a major environmental disaster and a massive oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico due to human carelessness and failure to observe basic safety measures. Lloyds of London covers the risks from the accident, and the British Petroleum company is responsible for the damage, which has agreed to pay billions of US dollars in damages and fines issued by the federal government. The oil platform disaster triggered pressure to increase insurance rates, which play an important role in the preservation and development of maritime infrastructure in a way that contributes to the protection and stability of economic resources. It is also crucial for reducing the risk of maritime accidents
Hydraulic actuators and motors
No full textU radu su prikazani cilindri i motori koji se nalaze u primjeni u hidrauličkim
sustavima brodskih sustava. Prikazane konstrukcije nalaze se u primjeni kod dizalica,
kormilarskog uređaja i dijelova koji zahtijevaju translatorno i rotaciono gibanje.
U radu nisu obrađeni krilni motori namijenjeni kormilarskom uređaju, no njihov
princip lako je shvatiti na osnovu prikazanih krilnih strojeva, s tom razliku što kod motora
za kormilo nemamo mogućnost pune rotacije već se radi o zakretanju/oscilaciji sa
određenim kutnim pomakom.The paper presents cylinders and engines that are used in hydraulic systems of
ship systems. The constructions shown are used in cranes, steering devices and parts that
require translational and rotational motion.
In the paper, wing motors reduced by a steering device are not covered, but their principle
is easy to understand based on the wing machines shown, with the difference that with
the rudder motor we do not have the possibility of full rotation, but rather
rotation/oscillation with a certain angular displacemen
The influence of motivation on the work of employees
No full textMotivacija zaposlenika temelj je uspjeha svakog poduzeća. Zaposlenici igraju nezamjenjivu ulogu u poslovanju shodno tome što pod utjecajem motivacije rješavaju zadatke na vrijeme uz minimalne pogreške. Motivirani zaposlenici uspostavljaju veću produktivnost što poduzeću donosi profit. Odsustvo motivacije dovodi do smanjenje volje i želje za radom i to automatski utječe na poduzeće u smislu lošijih rezultata i mogućih financijskih gubitaka. Dužnost menadžera je da osiguraju odgovarajuću motivaciju svojim zaposlenicima, a to postižu prvenstveno poznavanjem njih samih i spoznaja što motivira svakog pojedinog zaposlenika. Time osiguravaju maksimalnu učinkovitost tima i napredak poduzeća.Employee motivation is the key to the success of every company. Employees play an essential role in business operations as they complete tasks on time with minimal errors when motivated. Motivated employees achieve higher productivity, resulting in company profit. A lack of motivation leads to decreased work enthusiasm, poorer results, and potential financial losses. It is the manager's responsibility to ensure appropriate employee motivation by understanding their needs and what motivates them individually. This ensures maximum team efficiency and company progress
Ship's engine room alarm system
No full textZadaća brodskih automatskih sustava su: signalizacija, kontrola blokiranja, zastita, upravljanje i regulacija. Sustavi automatske signalizacije izvjescuju brodsku posadu o stanju brodskih postrojenja. Sustavi automatske kontrole mjere razlicite parametre brodskih uredaja i usporeduju ih s dopustenim vrijednostima te daju zvucne ili svjetlosne signale kad parametri odstupe od zadanih vrijednosti. Sustavi automatske blokade i zastite sprecavaju nastanak havarnih situacija. Ako nastupe kriticne vrijednosti kontroliranih parametara, automatski se iskljucuju zasticeni strojevi. Sustav alarmnih pokazivaca i upravljackih elemenata mora osigurati identifikaciju kvarova u strojarnici, i zadovoljavajuci nadzor nad odnosnom opremom. To se mora osigurati na sredisnjem mjestu upravljanja ili, alternativno, na pomocnim upravljackim stanicama. U drugom slucaju se mora predvidjeti glavni alarmni pokazivac na sredisnjem mjestu upravljanja koji pokazuje na kojoj je od pomocnih stanica prikazan kvar.The tasks of the ship's automatic systems are: signalling, blocking control, protection, management and regulation. Automatic signaling systems inform the ship's crew about the state of the ship's facilities. Automatic control systems measure various parameters of the ship's devices and compare them with the permitted values, and give sound or light signals when the parameters deviate from the set values. Automatic blocking and protection systems prevent emergency situations from occurring. If critical values of the controlled parameters occur, the protected machines are automatically switched off. The system of alarm indicators and control elements must ensure identification of malfunctions in the engine room, and satisfactory supervision of the respective equipment. This must be ensured at the central control point or, alternatively, at auxiliary control stations. In the second case, a main alarm indicator must be provided at the central control point indicating which of the auxiliary stations the fault is displayed on
Monitoring and calibration of main marine engine sensors
No full textU završnom radu su obrađene osnovne karakteristike osjetnika,te njihov princip rada. Također objašnjena je njihova krucijalna uloga u sveobuhvatnom brodskom sustavu, na koji način poboljšavaju isti, te smanjuju postatak grešaka i samim time nezgoda. Prvo poglavlje čini uvod. Drugo poglavlje obuhvaća općenito o osjetnicima. Od trećeg do šestog poglavlja razrađuju se, te opisuju uloge i kalibraciju pojedinih senzora. U 7. poglavnju je pojašnjen sustav za praćenje udaljenosti i temperature. U 8. poglavlju obrađeno je mjerenje vibracija pogonskih motora. 9. poglavlje govori o Montaži i ugradnji električne opreme. U 10. poglavlju su obrađene zaštite glavnoga stroja, te 11. poglavlju zahtjevi registara za osjetnike glavnoga motora.In the final work, the basic characteristics of sensors and their working principle are discussed.
Their crucial role in the comprehensive ship system is also explained, in which way they
improve it, and reduce the occurrence of errors and thus accidents. The first chapter is an
introduction. The second chapter covers sensors in general. Chapters three to six elaborate and
describe the roles and calibration of individual sensors. Chapter 7 explains the distance and
temperature tracking system. Chapter 8 deals with the vibration measurement of drive motors.
Chapter 9 talks about the Assembly and installation of electrical equipment.
In chapter 10, protections of the main machine are processed, and in chapter 11, the
requirements of the registers for sensors of the main engine are discussed
Performance and function of ballast system with reference to CB Baltic
No full textKroz ovaj završni rad obradit će se tematika balastnih sustava na brodu. Rad se sastoji od
4 poglavlja podijeljenih u pod poglavlja. Rad započinje kratkim uvodom u tematiku istraživanja
te upoznavanjem s brodom na koji će se raditi osvrt. U drugom poglavlju je definirao što je to
zapravo balast i njegovo djelovanje na brod i okoliš. Spomenuta je i Konvencija o balastnim
vodama zajedno sa njenim standardima D1 i D2 radi shvaćanja razlike u postupanju s balastom
u oba standarda. Treće poglavlje predviđeno je za opis cjelokupnog balastnog sustava broda na
kojem se temelji rad zajedno sa operacijama balastiranja i debalastiranja broda. U četvrtom
poglavlju opisane su metode obrade balastnih voda kao i tehnologije obrade koje su danas
najzastupljenije. Na samom kraju radu detaljno je obrađen uređaj za obradu balasta kojeg koristi
navedeni brod kao i kompletan princip rada istog.Through this final thesis it will processed the topic of ballast systems on board. The paper
consists of 4 chapters divided into sub-chapters. The work begins with a short introduction to
the research topic and an introduction to the ship that will be reviewed. In the second chapter,
is defined what ballast actually is and its effect on the ship and the environment. The Ballast
Water Convention is also mentioned together with its standards D1 and D2 in order to
understand the differences in the handling of ballast in both standards. The third chapter is
intended for the description of the entire ballast system of the ship, on which the work is based,
together with the ballasting and deballasting operations of the ship. The fourth chapter describes
the methods of ballast water treatment as well as the treatment technologies that are most
common today. At the end of the work, the device for treatment of ballast water used on the
ship above is described in detail, as well as the complete principle of its operation
Ship power plant automation
No full textU ovom se radu opisuje automatizacija brodske električne centrale, i zahtjevi automatike koji se moraju ispuniti. Na samome početku rada opisana je povijest automatizacije na brodu i klase automatizacije. U glavnom dijelu opisuje se elektroenergetski dio broda u kojem su navedene vrste generatora te napajanje broda s kopna. Također u glavnom dijelu opisuje se i glavna rasklopna ploča broda, njezina podjela, te sinkronizacija generatora.Na kraju rada opisano je upravljanje brodskom električnom centralom na više načina. Kao primjer korišten je sustav za upravljanjem električne energije PMS 2100.This paper describes the automation of a ship's electrical control center and the requirements that automation must fulfill. At the beginning of the paper, the history of automation on board and classes of automation are discussed. In the main part, the electrical power system of the ship is described, including various types of generators and shore power supply. Towards the end of the paper, the management of the ship's electrical control room is described in various ways. An example used is the Power Management System (PMS) 2100 for managing electrical energy
The specialty of transport, transhipment and storage of perishable cargo
No full textKako bi lakše razumjeli pojam lakopokvarljivog tereta, može se reći da su to sve namirnice te prehrambeni proizvodi koji se ne mogu dugo skladištiti a da se ne pokvare, odnosno uslijed klimatskih utjecaja u kratkom se roku mogu pokvariti. Lakopokvarljivi teret prvenstveno se na duže relacije prevozio brodovima hladnjačama, koje su postupno zamjenjivane kontejnerskim brodovima, a multimodalni kontejner sa integriranom rashladnom jedinicom postaje ključan za prijevoz tereta u kontroliranoj atmosferi. Tijekom prijevoza, prekrcaja i skladištenja lakopokvarljivih tereta brojni su faktori koje treba poštivati i zadovoljiti kako bi se očuvala kvaliteta i zdravstvena ispravnost sve do krajnjeg korisnika. Hladni lanac put je temperaturno osjetljivih proizvoda od proizvođača do potrošača te predstavlja proces rukovanja sa temperaturno osjetljivim proizvodima. Neispravnost rukovanja i greška u procesu samo jednog od čimbenika u distribucijskom sustavu unutar samog hladnog lanca, dovoljna je za smanjenje kvalitete te nemogućnosti distribucije proizvoda naručitelju. U radu su istražene i predstavljene tehnologije koje opisuju ispravne metode tijekom različitih faza manipulacije teretom.To make it easier to understand the concept of perishable cargo, it can be said that these are particular foodstuffs and food products that cannot be stored for a long time without spoiling, that is, due to climatic influences, they can spoil in a short time. Perishable cargo was primarily transported over long distances by reefer ships, which were gradually replaced by container ships, and the multimodal container with an integrated refrigeration unit became crucial for transporting cargo in a controlled atmosphere. During transportation, transshipment and storage of perishable cargo, there are numerous factors that must be respected and satisfied in order to preserve quality and health right up to the end user. The cold chain is the path of temperature-sensitive products from the producer to the consumer and represents the process of handling temperature-sensitive products. Incorrect handling and error in the process of only one of the factors in the distribution system within the cold chain itself is sufficient to reduce the quality and the impossibility of distributing the product to the customer. Technologies that describe correct methods during different phases of cargo manipulation are researched and presented in the paper
Comparative analysis of north Adriatic container ports
No full textLuke sjevernog Jadrana već stoljećima predstavljaju glavnu poveznicu za srednjoeuropske zemlje koje nemaju izlaz na more s ostatkom svijeta. Tijekom 18. stoljeća luke Rijeka i Trst su se intenzivnije razvijale te su se smatrale vrlo značajnim europskim lukama dok je luka Koper dobila taj epitet tek u posljednjih pedesetak godina. Danas su luke Rijeka, Trst i Koper konkurentne, međutim za poslovanje svake luke pojedinačno vrlo je bitna međusobna suradnja. Cilj ovog završnog rada bio je prikazati rast i razvoj kontejnerskog prometa spomenutih luka te usporediti njihov napredak kroz godine i buduće planove razvoja. U radu su analizirane prednosti i nedostatci pojedinih luka uvažavajući njihove geografske i ekonomske aspekte. Rezultati poslovanja luka ukazuju da je luka Koper trenutno najutjecajnija, najveća i najsuvremenija luka sjevernog Jadrana. Luka Trst joj u kontejnerskom prometu još donekle može konkurirati, međutim promet luke Rijeka još uvijek nije ni blizu prekrcaja TEU jedinica koje godišnje prođu kroz terminale Kopera i Trsta.The ports of northern Adriatic for centuries have been representing main connection between countries in middle Europe without seaside. During 18th century ports of Rijeka and Trieste have been developing more intensively and they were considered for one off the most important European ports, the port of Koper earned that epithet in past fifty years. Ports of Rijeka, Trieste and Koper today are competitors but for best performances of each, cooperation is very important. Goal of this paper was to show growth and development of container terminals of mentioned ports and their development through the years, as well as show future development plans. In this paper were analysed advantages and disadvantages of each port considering their geographical and economical aspects. Business results show that port of Koper is currently most influential and the most modern port of northern Adriatic. Port of Trieste can compete to the port of Koper by capacity of container transport, but on the other hand port of Rijeka is still far behind number of TEU units that Trst and Koper mauver through the year