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A study of language practice activities and tasks in English language textbooks for marine engineers
No full textChoosing, developing, and implementing activities for teaching English as a foreign language (EFL), and particularly English for Specific Purposes (ESP), is a critical aspect of foreign language instruction. According to Gris Roca (2015), research into the selection of teaching materials for use in foreign language classrooms is necessary due to two essential assumptions. The first assumption is that classroom activities should never be detached from the cognitive aspect of learning. In other words, a particular type of activity will facilitate the acquisition of a particular type of knowledge. The second assumption is that all instructional materials possess the potential to promote learning. Consequently, a spectrum of activities exists, ranging from those primarily concerned with form and the acquisition of structural aspects of language to those concerned with the development of communicative competence, i.e., the four language skills: reading, listening, speaking, and writing. Naturally, some activities focus on both language structures and communicative competence. Given the fact that the foreign language instructor manages and administers the teaching materials, EFL teachers are responsible for providing learners with activities that promote balanced EFL learning. According to Gris Roca (2015), this argument addresses the possibility that learners may not develop the necessary communicative competences (that is, the ability to produce or comprehend language naturally and fluently) or accuracy in language use (the achievement of grammatical commitment) as a result of a biased implementation of focus-on-form versus focus-on-meaning activities in the classroom. The following book examines English language practice activities and tasks for marine engineers that are included in a number of current ME (Maritime English) textbooks. Numerous facets of instructional materials can be examined, and they can be classified in numerous ways (Cerezal, 1996; Gris Roca, 2015; Littlejohn, 2011, Richards and Rogers, 1986/2014). The activities extracted and examined in this book are classified according to Neuner’s (1985) typology of language practice activities, their form, purpose, and content, i.e., whether they promote guided or unguided (re)production of language, fluency or accuracy, acquisition of language systems (grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation), and/or development of communicative competence. Additionally, the language practice activities and tasks are analysed in light of the latest IMO Model Course 3.17 (2015) and its recommendations for the types of teaching activities and approaches to be applied when teaching Maritime English. Thus, the third chapter, following the introduction and the chapter describing the aim and methodology, deals with the notion of Maritime English as a special type of ESP (English for Specific Purposes) with a specific focus on marine engineering. The fourth chapter provides an overview of several teaching approaches recommended in the IMO Model Course 3.17, namely, the communicative approach (CLT), content-based instruction (CBI) and taskbased approach (TBA). This segment is additionally supplanted by a brief overview of Data Driven Learning (DDL), an approach that the authors of this book consider extremely beneficial for student-centered language learning advocated by the IMO Model Course 3.17 on ME. The fifth chapter gives an outline of various types of language practice activities and tasks based on Neuner’s (1985) typology of language practice activities, followed by the central part of the book (chapter 6), which discusses the results of an analysis of a sample collection of language practice activities and tasks extracted from a number of currently available English language textbooks for marine engineers. Based on the analysis results, the subsequent chapter (chapter 7) gives some recommendations on creating a balanced sequence of language practice activities and tasks and provides several sample patterns. Finally, the concluding chapter (chapter 8) offers final thoughts and recommendations
Technical and technological features and division of ro-ro ships
No full text„ Tehničko-tehnološka obilježja i podjela RO-RO brodova “ je naziv rada u kojem će se opširnije opisati RO-RO tehnologija prijevoza tereta morem. U radu će se obraditi početak razvoja takvih brodova, njihove karakteristike, podjela RO-RO brodova, teret koji se prevozi te kako se on učvršćuje i ukrcava na takve brodove. Isto tako razmotrit će se problemi sa stabilnošću i sigurnosti RO-RO brodova. Rad objedinjuje uvod, 8 poglavlja sa potpoglavljima, zaključak, popis literature te popis slika.„Technical and technological characteristics and division of RO-RO ships“ is the title of the work in which the RO-RO technology of sea cargo transportation will be described in more detail. The final project will cover the beginning of the development of such ships, their characteristics, the division of RO-RO ships, the cargo that is transported and how it is secured and loaded onto such ships. Problems with the stability and safety of RO-RO ships will also be considered. The work includes an introduction, 8 chapters with subchapters, a conclusion, a list of references and a list of pictures
Transportation problem with application to road transport
No full textMetoda optimizacije koja je korištena u radu je metoda transportnog problema. Metoda
transportnog problema jedna je od metoda operacijskih istraživanja te se koristi za
izračunavanje optimalne distribucije prijevoza tereta, uz što manji trošak prijevoza. Cilj rada je
prikaz optimizacije prijevoza robe primjenom metode transportnog problema. Primjer se odnosi
na poduzeće koje ima dva prijevozna sredstva i obavlja djelatnosti dostave i proizvodnje leda.
Nakon riješenog primjera može se zaključiti da primjena metode transportnog problema može
u praksi doprinijeti optimalnom rasporedu prijevoza robe, uz minimizaciju troškova prijevoza.The optimization method used in this paper is the method of the transportation problem.
The method of the transportation problem belongs to the methods of operational research and
is used to calculate the optimal distribution of the transportation of goods with the lowest
possible transportation costs. The aim of the paper is to present the optimization of the
transportation of goods using the method of the transportation problem. The example refers to
a company that has two means of transport and carries out production and delivery of ice.
According to the solved example, it can be concluded that the application of the transportation
problem method in practice can contribute to the optimal planning of the transportation of goods
while minimizing the transportation costs
Human factor and prevention of accidents at sea
No full textU ovom završnom radu govori se o uzrocima prometnih nesreća od kojih i dalje ima nesreća kojima je uzrok ljudska pogreška. Jedan od razloga je i neučinkovit odnos između ljudi i tehnologije, točnije neadekvatno dizajnirana, zbunjujuća i nedovoljno shvaćena tehnologija dok je percepcija kako je tehnologija pouzdana kao rezultat imala neadekvatne performanse članova posade.
Jedan od načina kako bi se sveopće stanje popravilo je provođenje obuke korištenjem istih ili vrlo sličnih sustava onima instaliranim na brodovima, a vrlo je važno stvoriti i povoljno okruženje za učenje i sve polaznike treba poticati da sudjeluju u potvrđivanju razumijevanja.
Potrebno je napustiti zastarjele metode organizacije broda i promatrati posadu kao tim sa zapovjednikom kao vođom.This final paper discusses the causes of traffic accidents, of which there are still accidents caused by human error. One of the reasons is the ineffective relationship between people and technology, specifically inadequately designed, confusing and insufficiently understood technology, while the perception that the technology is reliable resulted in inadequate performance of crew members.
One of the ways to improve the overall situation is to conduct training using the same or very similar systems to those installed on ships, and it is very important to create a favorable learning environment and all participants should be encouraged to participate in confirming their understanding.
It is necessary to abandon outdated methods of ship organization and view the crew as a team with the commander as the leader
Automation of the ship's electrical power plant
No full textBrodska električna centrala, ključni je objekt koji proizvodi električnu energiju u velikim
količinama. Njegova primarna funkcija je pretvaranje različitih izvora energije u električnu
energiju. Danas se primarno kao izvori električne energije koriste sinkroni generatori te se teži
upotrebi visokog napona. Uz sinkrone generatore koji spadaju pod generatore pogonjene od
strane pogonskog stroja s unutarnjim izgaranjem, danas se upotrebljavaju osovinski generatori,
i baterijska skladišta energije koje služe kao rezervno napajanje u slučaju nestanka napajanja
na brodu. Automatizacija brodske električne centrale je jedan od ključnih aspekta za učinkoviti
brodski sustav, regulacijom opterećenja možemo omogućiti optimalni rad generatora što se
odražava u smanjenoj potrošnji goriva, jeftinijem održavanju radi manjeg broja radnih sati te u
slučaju kvarova mogućnost signalizacije i dojave tog kvara.The ship's power plant is a key facility that produces electricity in large quantities. Its
primary function is to convert various energy sources into electricity. Today, synchronous
generators are primarily used as sources of electricity, and high voltage is being used. In
addition to synchronous generators, which fall under the category of generators powered by an
internal combustion engine, today shaft generators are used, and battery energy stores that serve
as a backup power supply in the event of a power failure on board. The automation of the ship's
power plant is one of the key aspects of an efficient ship's system, by regulating the load we
can enable optimal operation of the generator, which is reflected in reduced fuel consumption,
cheaper maintenance due to fewer working hours and, in the event of malfunctions, the
possibility of signalling and reporting that malfunction
Automation of ships' main diesel generators
No full textU ovom završnom radu se obrađuje tematika vezana uz automatizaciju glavnih brodskih dizel generatora. U radu se ukratko govori o upravljačkim sposobnostima broda, koje su usko vezane uz dizel generatore, skreće se pažnja na sami dizel generator, njegovu sinkronizaciju i paralelni rad, kao i na samu primjenu istog. Nadalje proučava se sam proces automatizacije, glavne komponente automatizacije, kao i ključne značajke automatizacije glavnog dizel generatora poput regulacije brzine rada, sigurnosnih sustava i zaštite... Na samome kraju rada razmotrena je primjena naprednih tehnologija poput PLC-a i SCADA sustava, kao i same prednosti i nedostatci automatizacije.This final paper deals with the topic of automation of the main ship's diesel generators. The paper briefly discusses the ship's steering capabilities, which are closely related to diesel generators, and draws attention to the diesel generator itself, its synchronization and parallel operation, as well as its application. The automation process itself, the main components of automation, as well as the key features of automation of the main diesel generator, such as speed regulation, safety systems and protection, are also studied... At the very end of the work, the application of advanced technologies such as PLC and SCADA systems, as well as the very advantages and disadvantages of automation
Characteristics of modern container and ro-ro terminals
No full textSuvremeni kontejnerski terminali uvelike su napredovali u zadnjih nekoliko godina kroz uporabu najnovijih tehnologija organizacije rada na terminalu i opreme za upravljanjem kontejnerima te korištenjem automatiziranih sustava za što veću produktivnost. Na kontejnerskome terminalu sistem rada podijeljen je u nekoliko operacija počevši od prekrcaja broda pa sve do vrata terminala odnosno ulaza i izlaza kontejnera sa terminala.
Na ro-ro terminalu sa druge strane upravlja se teretima na kotačima te će izvedba terminala uvelike ovisiti o vrsti brodova odnosno tereta kojim će na tom specifičnom terminalu upravljati. Jedna od najbitnijih stavki ro-ro terminala jest pružanje odgovarajućeg prekrcajnog prostora s obzirom na rampe kojih koriste ro-ro brodovi ili korištenjem obalnih rampi ili mostova.Modern container terminals have greatly advanced through the use of the latest technologies for the organization of operations at the terminal and equipment for managing containers, as well as the use of automated systems for greater productivity. At the container terminal, the work system is divided into several operations, starting with the loading and unloading of the ship all the way to the terminal door, that is , the entry and exit of the containers from the terminal.
At the ro-ro terminal, on the other hand, where the cargo on wheels is managed , the performance of the terminal will largely depend on the type of ships or cargo that will operate at that particular terminal. One of the most important features
ro-ro terminal has to have is the adequate space for ramps of the ro-ro ships over which the cargo will be transfered
Tehnology and organization of railway transportation
No full textŽeljeznički promet se sastoji od niza različitih međusobno povezanih podsustava koji svojim djelovanjem omogućuju razvoj željezničkog prometa i u tu svrhu pružanje usluga prijevoza. Navedene podsustave čine tehnika i sigurnost željezničkog prometa, tehnologija rada i organizacija željezničkog prometa. Ovaj rad se bavi podsustavima - tehnologijom i organizacijom željezničkog prometa u Republici Hrvatskoj. U radu je opisana i definirana prvenstveno organizacija željezničkog sektora općenito i u Republici Hrvatskoj. Objašnjen je pravni temelj željezničkog sektora s posebnim osvrtom na tvrtke koje su njegov dio. Osim toga ovaj rad daje i prikaz transportnih tehnologija u željezničkom prometu među kojima se posebno ističu intermodalni transport, bimodalna i Huckepack tehnologija.Railway transport consists of a number of different interconnected subsystems, which enable the development of railway transport and, for this purpose, the provision of transport services. The mentioned sub-systems consist of the technique and safety of railway transport, work technology and the organization of railway transport. This paper deals with the subsystems - technology and organization of railway traffic in the Republic of Croatia. The paper describes and defines primarily the organization of the railway sector in general and in the Republic of Croatia. The legal basis of the railway sector is explained, with special reference to the companies that are part of it. In addition, this paper also provides an overview of transport technologies in railway traffic, among which intermodal transport, bimodal and Huckepack technology stand out
Analysis of air passenger traffic
No full textModernizacijom i tehnološkim procesima, ali i digitalizacijom te unaprjeđenjem prometne
infrastrukture, zračni promet je u porastu. Međutim, podložan je eksternim rizicima koji
utječu na njegovo odvijanje. Analizom rezultata istraživanja je utvrđeno da je hrvatski
zračni promet u razdoblju 2018. – 2022. godine imao pozitivan trend rasta, s iznimkom
2020. godine u kojoj je COVID-19 bio izrazito izražen te je uzrokovao pad zračnog
putničkog prometa u svim pokazateljima. Također, istraživanje je pokazalo da je
najprometnija zračna luka u Republici Hrvatskoj zračna luka Zagreb koja ima najveći broj
operacija zrakoplova i prevezenih putnika na godišnjoj razini, a slijede je zračna luka u
Splitu te Dubrovniku. Ove tri zračne luke imaju važnu ulogu u ukupnom hrvatskom
zračnom prometu, dok zračna pristaništa na Malom Lošinju i Braču ostvaruju najlošije
rezultate u zračnom prometu. Preporuka za buduća istraživanja je istražiti ulogu zračnih
pristaništa u ukupnom zračnom prometu te izmjeriti intenzitet utjecaja zračnih luka na
zračna pristaništa.Through modernization and technological processes, as well as digitalization and the
improvement of transport infrastructure, air traffic is on the rise. However, it is subject to
external risks that affect its development. Analyzing the results of the research, it was
determined that Croatian air traffic in the period 2018-2022 had a positive growth trend,
with the exception of 2020, in which COVID-19 was extremely pronounced and caused a
decline in air passenger traffic in all indicators. Also, the research showed that the busiest
airport in the Republic of Croatia is the Zagreb airport, which has the largest number of
aircraft operations and transported passengers on an annual basis, followed by the airports
in Split and Dubrovnik. These three airports play an important role in overall Croatian air
traffic, while the air docks on Mali Lošinj and Brač achieve the worst results in air traffic.
A recommendation for future research is to investigate the role of air docks in total air
traffic and to measure the intensity of the impact of airports on air docks
Paralactical angle method
No full textDirektna metoda je vrsta izravne metode koja se koristi u astronomskoj navigaciji tijekom određivanja pozicije broda. U ovome radu obrađen je način rješavanja direktne metode te način dobivanja Napierovih formula iz sfernih trokuta. Na primjerima praktičnih zadataka opažane su zvijezde te druga nebeska tijela, poput Sunca i Mjeseca. Na početku rada govori se općenito o
osnovnim elementima u astronomskoj navigaciji, kao što su geografska dužina i širina. U glavnom dijelu objašnjene su izravna i neizravna metoda te njihove razlike. Prikazan je princip rada direktne metode, određivanje pozicije koristeći visine nebeskih tijela te primjeri rješavanja praktičnih zadataka.The paralactical angle method is a type of method used in astronomical navigation when determining the position of a ship.
This paper deals with the method of solving the paralactical angle method and obtaining Napier's formulas from spherical triangles. On the examples of practical tasks, stars and other celestial bodies, such as the Sun and the Moon, were observed. At the beginning of the work, the basic elements in astronomical navigation, such as longitude and latitude, are discussed in general. The main part explains the direct and indirect methods and their differences. The working principle of the paralactical angle method, position determination using the height of celestial bodies, and examples of solving practical tasks are presented