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Prevention of atmospheric pollution from naval ships
No full textRad se bavi analizom i istraživanjem postojećih mjera i strategija za sprječavanje onečišćenja atmosfere s pomorskih brodova. Proučavaju se primarni i sekundarni izvori onečišćenja, uključujući emisije dušikovih oksida (NOx), sumporovih oksida (SOx), čestica i stakleničkih plinova, te se razmatraju tehničke i regulativne mjere za smanjenje tih emisija. Ističe se značaj međunarodnih sporazuma kao što je MARPOL konvencija i njezin prilog VI. Ovi uvidi naglašavaju potrebu za daljnjim razvojem i implementacijom inovacija kako bi se postiglo značajno smanjenje onečišćenja atmosfere s pomorskih brodova.This paper examines the existing measures and strategies for preventing atmospheric pollution from maritime ships. It explores primary and secondary sources of pollution, including emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur oxides (SOx), particulate matter, and greenhouse gases, and evaluates both technical and regulatory measures for reducing these emissions. The significance of international agreements such as the MARPOL Convention and Annex VI. These insights emphasize the need for further development and application of innovations to achieve a substantial reduction in atmospheric pollution from maritime vessels
The Optimal Arrangement of Boats in a Coastal Maritime Passenger Lines System Using Graph Theory
No full textThis paper presents research in the field of optimization in maritime passenger traffic that can ensure the long-term sustainability of coastal maritime passenger lines system. For the purpose of the research contained in this paper, it has been hypothesized that the optimal arrangement of boats within a coastal maritime passenger lines system will reduce the consumption of propulsion energy, the emission of harmful gasses and operating costs. The aim of this paper is to present an efficient algorithm for a reduction in propulsion energy consumption in coastal maritime passenger lines systems by reassigning boats to lines that they service. The problem is modeled using a bipartite graph and the solution is obtained by searching for optimal matching using Edmonds’ algorithm. The authors apply, for the first time, Edmonds’ algorithm to the problems of the optimization of assignments of boats to lines. The research results were confirmed by tests on a representative example. The optimization results on only 10 ships in the given example show yearly savings of 91,097.30 L of fuel (lowering costs by EUR 69,233.95) and reducing CO2 by 243.59 tons, which proves that this algorithm found a much more efficient arrangement that could result in a significant reduction in propulsion energy consumption, thus providing economic and ecological benefits
Diesel engine lubricating oil
No full textPod pojmom maziva, podrazumijevaju se krute, tekuće i plinovite materije čija primjena utječe na smanjenje trenja između dodirnih površina u relativnom gibanju, a kod brodskih dizelskih motora, primjenjuju se za podmazivanje gotovo svih pokretnih mehaničkih elemenata. Budući da su brodski dizelski motori složeni strojevi, koji tijekom rada generiraju veliku količinu topline, zahtijeva se uporaba visokokvalitetnih maziva. Takva maziva omogućavaju odvođenje topline (kako bi se održala normalna radna temperatura), smanjenje trenja i trošenja te pogoduju stvaranju tankog uljnog filma koji štiti dijelove motora. Ulja za podmazivanje sastoje se od baznih ulja i određenih dodataka (aditiva). Ovisno o tipu ulja, upotrebljavaju se različiti aditivi, a najznačajniji su poboljšivači indeksa viskoznosti, poboljšivači temperature tečenja, antipjenušavci, aditivi za zaštitu od korozije, oksidacije, ekstremnih tlakova te ostali aditivi spomenuti u radu. Kako bi se produljio vijek trajanja dizelskog motora, uz pravilno podmazivanje i odabir odgovarajućeg tipa maziva, važno je redovno provođenje analize ulja koje se provodi tijekom rutinskog održavanja sa svrhom dobivanja značajnih i točnih informacija o stanju maziva i stroja.The term lubricant refers to solid, liquid, and gaseous substances whose application affects the reduction of friction between contact surfaces in relative motion, and in the case of marine diesel engines, they are used to lubricate almost all moving mechanical elements. Since marine diesel engines are complex machines that generate a large amount of heat during operation, the use of high-quality lubricants is required. Such lubricants enable heat dissipation (to maintain normaln operating temperature), reduce friction and wear, and favor the creation of a thin oil film that protects engine parts. Lubricating oils consist of base oils and certain additives. Depending on the type of oil, different additives are used, and the most important are viscosity index improvers, pour point inprovers, anti-foaming agents, additives for protection against corrosion, oxidation, extreme pressures, and other additives. To extend the service life of diesel engines, along with proper lubrication and selection of the appropriate type of lubricant, it is important to regulary carry out an oil analysis, which is carried out during routine maintenance to obtain significant and accurate information about the condition of the lubricant and the machine
Analysis of static and dynamic GPS positioning using smartphones
No full textTehnologija određivanja položaja satelitskim putem postoji preko 50 godina, no nije uvijek bila precizna koliko je danas. Svejedno, preciznost ovog načina određivanja položaja nije savršena. S obzirom da gotovo svaki pametni telefon ima mogućnost određivanja položaja na ovaj način, u ovom diplomskom radu obrađena je tema analize statičkog i dinamičkog određivanja položaja sustavom GPS pomoću pametnih telefona u kojoj su prikazane detaljne razlike u točnosti određivanja položaja između korištenih uređaja u usporedbi s referentnim točkama i rutom. Korisnici nerijetko koriste pametne telefone kao primaran izvor položaja što može dovesti do lažne sigurnosti u vlastiti položaj. U ovom radi istraživala se njihova točnost u Riječkom zaljevu. Odabrani su isključivo GPS sateliti iz razloga što je sustav GPS-a najzastupljeniji u određivanju položaja. Korištenjem referentne stanice i rute, napravljeno je mjerenje GPS položaja s četiri pametna telefona te jednog referentnog multi-frekvencijskog GNSS prijamnika. Sva odstupanja od referentnih podataka prikazana su grafički i statistički, dok su rezultati detaljno analizirani i rastumačeni. Mjerenja su podijeljena na statička i dinamička, radi boljeg utvrđivanja točnosti određivanja položaja pametnih telefona u realnim uvjetima. Mjerenje je obavljeno u Rijeci, ispred Kostrenske obale i u Bakarskom zaljevu radi povoljnog balansa između otvorenih i ograničenih uvjeta otvorenosti okoliša. Dinamičko mjerenje je podijeljeno na ustaljenu plovidbu otvorenim područjem, manevriranje u zatvorenom području te manevriranje u otvorenom području. Uvidjele su se velike razlike između pojedinih uređaja, uključujući i velika odstupanja, no opća pokrivenost GPS satelitima promatranog područja je dobra te se točnost položaja nije značajno mijenjala ovisno o lokaciji mjerenja. Radi bolje analize sposobnosti pametnih telefona za pružanje adekvatne usluge satelitskog određivanja položaja bilo bi dobro obaviti još mjerenja u različitim vremenskim uvjetima.Satellite based positioning has existed for over 50 years, but this service wasn’t always as precise as it is today. Regardless, satellite based positioning services are still not perfectly precise. Considering that just about every modern smartphone can provide it’s user with real-time satellite position, this master’s thesis was created to analyse the precision of static and dynamic gps positioning using smartphones. Precision and correction of positions is thoroughly compared between each device in comparison with referent point and track. In current time, most smartphones have the ability to provide satellite based positioning and a significant amount of people use those services as their primary mean of navigation unaware that it might not be correct. Rijeka Bay was chosen to test these services. Considering that GPS is prevalent in amount of satellites in GNSS, only that system will be used in comparisons for smartphones. Using referent point and track, GPS position measurement was created with four smartphones and one multifrequency GNSS receiver. All deviations are shown both graphically, as well as numerically, and their outputs are explained. Measurements were divided to static and dynamic measurements to try and recreate typical real life conditions. Testing grounds for these measurements was Rijeka, Kostrena shore and Bakar Bay due to a favourable contrast between an open and constrained nearby geographical relief. Dynamic measurement was divided into three categories containing stabilized sailing in open areas, manoeuvring in sky constrained areas, and manoeuvring in once again open areas. Large deviations were noted between devices, including very large fluctuations; however, overall coverage with GPS satellites was found to be good and position precision on average was not considerably affected by changing environment. For a better insight in smartphones’ GPS positioning capabilities in Rijeka Bay, further research in varying weather conditions is recommended
A review of computer-assisted translation (CAT) tools used by Croatian translators
No full textNowadays, as the demand for fast and accurate translations is growing, translators increasingly rely on computer technology to facilitate the translation process. In this sense, computer-assisted translation (CAT) tools and machine translation (MT) tools have become a necessity in daily work. This study attempts to shed light on the use of CAT tools, particularly among Croatian translators, regarding the types of tools used, the extent to which they are used and the extent to which they facilitate and/or expedite the translation process. The results are discussed in the context of a previously conducted survey among translators around the world on the same topic. The sample for the survey included 94 translators registered in Croatia with different experience and language pairs. The results show that a large number of translators use CAT tools but they do not agree on the degree of their efficiency
Tehnical and tehnological features of cruise ships
No full textIndustrija krstarenja i kruzer brodova je istaknuti sektor unutar globalne industrije
turizma i putovanja. Uključuje rad velikih putničkih brodova koji pružaju luksuzan odmor i
mnogobrojne aktivnosti za vrijeme putovanja do raznih odredišta. Krstarenje nudi
jedinstveno i impresivno iskustvo, kombinirajući privlačnost putovanja s udobnošću
plutajućeg odmarališta. Brodovi za krstarenje porasli su u veličini i sofisticiranosti tijekom
godina, nudeći širok raspon sadržaja i mogućnosti zabave. Zadovoljavaju različite interese
putnika, nudeći sadržaje poput: bazena, kazališta, kasina, toplica, restorana, trgovačkih
centara, kao i ispunjenje vjerskih potreba. Ovaj sveobuhvatni pristup ima za cilj zadovoljiti
želje svakog putnika. Jedna od ključnih prednosti krstarenja je mogućnost istraživanja više
odredišta u jednom putovanju istovremeno doprinoseći razvoju lokalnih zajednica koje
posjećuje.The cruise and cruise ship industry is a prominent sector within the global tourism
and travel industry. It includes the operation of large passenger ships that provide a
luxurious vacation and numerous activities during the journey to various destinations.
Cruising offers a unique and immersive experience, combining the appeal of travel with
the comfort of a floating resort. Cruise ships have grown in size and sophistication over the
years, offering a wide range of amenities and entertainment options. They cater to the
various interests of travelers, offering facilities such as swimming pools, theaters, casinos,
spas, restaurants, shopping centers as well as the fulfillment of religious needs. This
comprehensive approach aims to satisfy the wishes of every traveler. One of the key
benefits of cruising is the ability to explore multiple destinations in one trip while
contributing to the development of the local communities it visits
Measurement transducers
No full textU ovome seminaru su obrađene osnovne karakteristike mjernih pretvornika i njihova primjena u
različitim granama. Također su obrađeni različiti koncepti konverzije fizičkih veličina u
električne signale na temelju kojih mjerni pretvornici funkcioniraju, kao što su: otpornička
konverzija, kapacitivna konverzija, piezoelektrična konverzija, optička konverzija,
elektromagnetska konverzija i termoelektrična konverzija. Također su podijeljene i objašnjene
vrste mjernih pretvornika te je objašnjena kalibracija i njena važnostThis seminar deals with the basic characteristics of measurement transducers and their implementation in different fields. It also deals with varying concepts of conversion of physical units to electric signals based on which measurement transducers function, which are: resistive conversion, capacitive conversion, piezoelectric conversion, optical conversion, electromagnetic conversion and thermoelectric conversion. Types of measurement transducers are also explained as well as the calibration and its importance
Container transport by sea
No full textU radu se analiziraju i opisuju svi aspekti prijevoza kontejnera morem. Iako je svoje preteče
imala u dalekoj prošlosti kontejnerizacija se počela u međunarodnom smislu razvijati od druge
polovice 1960-ih godina. Razvoj kontejnerizacije pratio je i promjene u izgledu i opremi
brodova koji su s vremenom postali isključivo specijalizirani za prijevoz kontejnera. Danas
najveće kompanije broje preko 700 specijaliziranih kontejnerskih brodova u flotama. Ovaj vid
transporta prati trendove u tehnologiji, a u novije vrijeme i druge poput ekoloških. Neprestani
razvoj tehnologije znatno je unaprijedio kontejnerizaciju koja je u radu opisana od njenih
početaka do suvremenog doba.The paper analyzes and describes all aspects of shipping containers by sea. Although it had its
forerunners in the distant past, containerization began to develop in an international sense from
the second half of the 1960s. The development of containerization was accompanied by changes
in the appearance and equipment of ships, which over time became exclusively specialized for
the transport of containers. Today, the largest companies have over 700 specialized container
ships in their fleets. This type of transport follows the trends in technology, and more recently
others such as ecological ones. The constant development of technology has significantly
improved containerization, which is described in the paper from its beginnings to modern times
Drone application in maritime
No full textBespilotne letjelice (UAV), poznatije kao dronovi su letjelice dizajnirane za let bez posade. Njima se može daljinski upravljati sa zemlje ili se mogu koristiti ugrađena računala za navigaciju i let. Dronovi variraju u veličini od letjelica veličine malih zrakoplova do prijenosnih modela džepne veličine. Dronovi su izvorno razvijeni za misije koje se smatraju preopasnima ili prezahtjevnima za ljude, a brzo su ih zadužile vojske diljem svijeta.
Danas se tehnologija dronova koristi u raznim industrijama, uključujući poljoprivrednu, znanstvenu i rekreacijsku upotrebu. U pomorskoj industriji dronovi se mogu koristiti za inspekciju, nadzor i fotografiranje brodova i objekata. Dronovi se čak mogu koristiti za isporuku dijelova ili zaliha za plovila na moru. Ova tehnologija može ponuditi isplativa rješenja za složene ili izazovne zadatke u komercijalnom morskom okruženju.Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), better known as drones, are aircraft designed to fly without a crew. They can be remotely controlled from the ground or use onboard computers for navigation and flight. Drones range in size from aircraft the size of small airplanes to portable pocket-sized models. Drones were originally developed for missions deemed too dangerous or too demanding for humans, and were quickly adopted by militaries around the world.
Today, drone technology is used in a variety of industries, including agricultural, scientific, and recreational uses. In the maritime industry, drones can be used to inspect, monitor and photograph ships and facilities. Drones can even be used to deliver parts or supplies to vessels at sea. This technology can offer cost-effective solutions for complex or challenging tasks in the commercial marine environment
Information and communication technologies in the logistics of modern ports and terminals
No full textLučki sustavi se koriste informacijskom i komunikacijskom tehnologijom kao neophodnim sredstvom u pružanju svojih usluga. Razvoj pomorskog prometa kao odgovor na rast globalne trgovine, postavlja pred lučke sustave zahtjeve za stalnim unaprjeđenjem lučkih procesa poboljšanjem postojećih i uvođenjem novih inovativnih tehnologija. Pomorski promet je najzastupljeniji oblik prijevoza robe, a kontejnerski prijevoz predstavlja njegov najveći i najznačajniji vid prijevoza. Ogromni kapaciteti brodova, raznovrsnost i osjetljivost robe, zahtjevi u kvaliteti i brzini prekrcaja robe donosi i ogroman broj podataka i informacija koje je potrebno prihvatiti i obraditi radi planiranja i izvođenja lučkih procesa a pri tom logističke tvrtke očekuju stalan uvid u stanje robe u stvarnom vremenu. Uvođenje i razvoj novih informacijsko-komunikacijskih tehnologija, je skup, zahtjevan i dugoročan proces ali neminovan za opstanak i konkurentnost pametne luke i kontejnerskih terminala.Global port systems use information and communication technology as an essential tool in providing their services. The development of maritime traffic as a response to the growth of global trade places demands on port systems for the constant improvement of port processes by improving existing and introducing new innovative technologies. Maritime transport is the most represented form of goods transport, and container transport represents its largest and most significant form of transport. The enormous capacities of ships, the variety and sensitivity of goods, the quality and speed requirements of goods transhipment also bring a huge amount of data and information that needs to be accepted and processed in order to plan and carry out port processes, and at the same time logistics companies expect constant insight into the state of goods in real time. The introduction and development of new information and communication technologies is an expensive, demanding and long-term process, but inevitable for the survival and competitiveness of smart ports and container terminals