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Acute conditions on board
No full textAkutna stanja su stanja koja se javljaju naglo i dijele se na zarazna i nezarazna akutna stanja. Pojedina akutna stanja mogu se izliječiti na brodu, ako brod raspolaže s odgovarajućom opremom i lijekovima, dok su ostala akutna stanja opasna po život te zahtijevaju zbrinjavanje u bolnici. Zbog čega je iznimno važno da posada na brodu zna rano prepoznati početne simptome bolesti. Ključnu ulogu u tome ima uvježbavanje i educiranje posade o akutnim stanjima. Na brodu, pomorci se prilikom dijagnoze i liječenja bolesti moraju oslanjati na vlastito medicinsko znanje, uz podršku putem radio veze s medicinskim stručnjacima, sve dok se ne osigura stručna medicinska pomoć s obale. Autor u ovom radu opisuje akutna stanja koja su najčešća na brodu te metode za njihovu dijagnostiku i liječenje.Acute conditions are those that occur suddenly and are classified into infectious and non-infectious acute conditions. Some acute conditions can be treated on board if the ship is equipped with the necessary tools and medications, while other acute conditions are life-threatening and require hospital care. Therefore, it is crucial for the crew to be able to recognize the early symptoms of these conditions. Training and educating the crew about acute conditions plays a key role in this. On board, sailors must rely on their own medical knowledge for diagnosis and treatment, with support from medical professionals via radio communication, until proper medical assistance from shore can be secured. In this paper, the author describes the most common acute conditions on board and the methods for their diagnosis and treatment
Cruise ships with a focus on Costa Concordia accident
No full textBrodovi za kružna putovanja danas su potpuno drugačiji nego što su bili u prošlosti. Danas im
je bitan cilj pružiti ljudima zadovoljstvo i avanture na putovanju uz kvalitetan odmor. Niz
sadržaja za djecu i odrasle, što god srce zaželi, može se naći na takvu brodu. Od luksuznih
kabina i bazena, do kina i kazališta. U ovom radu detaljno će se govoriti o brodu Costa
Concordia, nekad jednog od većih brodova za kružna putovanja, no zbog neopreza kapetana i
lošeg kontroliranja došlo je do kobne nesreće. Bitno je zbog tog razloga poznavati i sav sadržaj
broda iznutra, njegovu strukturu odnosno konstrukcijske karakteristike. Govorit će se o podjeli
takvih brodova i jednom od najvećih brodova u toj klasi. U radu je prikazan slučaj broda za
kružna putovanja Costa Concordia. Govorit će se o njegovoj konstrukciji i karijeri i o samoj
nesreći.Cruise ships are completely different today than they used to be in the past. Today, their primary
goal is to provide pleasure, travel adventures and a quality vacation. A range of activities for
children and adults, whatever one’s heart can wish for, can be found on such a ship. From luxury
cabins and swimming pools, to cinemas and theaters. We shall discuss here in detail the case of
Costa Concordia, once among the largest cruise ships, but due to her captain’s carelessness and
poor control, a fatal accident occurred. Therefore, it is important to get an insight into all of the
contents of the ship from the inside, into her structure and constructional characteristics. We
shall discuss the division of such ships and one of the largest ships in this class. The paper
presents the case of the Costa Concordia cruise ship. Her construction and career and the
accident itself will be discussed
Analysis of the legal regulation oh ship collisions at sea
No full textU pomorskom prometu veliki postotak nesreći otpada na sudare brodova koji se mogu dogoditi u teritorijalnim morima, otvorenim morima, te unutarnjim morskim vodama. Različiti čimbenici poput nepovoljnih vremenskih uvjeta, tehničkih kvarova, te ljudskog faktora mogu biti uzrok nastanka sudara. Na temelju Međunarodnih pravila o izbjegavanju sudara na moru moguće je pobliže opisati i analizirati pravila COLREGS 72 koja pružaju osnovne definicije te potrebne informacije o kretanju broda. Međunarodna pravila o izbjegavanju sudara na moru usko su povezana s nacionalnim pravilima Republike Hrvatske. Istrage pomorskih nesreća predstavljaju glavnu korektivnu komponentu temeljem koje se izrađuju preporuke, a koje je potrebno primjenjivati radi smanjivanja budućih pomorskih sudara. Cilj ovog rada je pojašnjavanje i analiziranje potrebnih teorijskih pravnih normi koje se odnose na izbjegavanje sudara na moru te njihovu primjenu u konkretnim situacijama.In maritime traffic, a large percentage of accidents are due to ship collisions that can occur in territorial seas, open seas and internal sea waters. Various factors such as unfavorable weather conditions, technical failures and the human factor can be the cause of collisions. Based on the International Rules on Avoiding Collisions at Sea, it is possible to describe and analyze the COLREGS 72 rules in more detail, which provide basic definitions and necessary information about ship movements. The international rules on avoiding collisions at sea are closely related to the national rules of the Republic of Croatia. Investigations of maritime accidents represent the main corrective component based on which recommendations are drawn up that need to be applied in order to reduce future maritime collisions. The aim of this paper is to explain and analyze the necessary theoretical legal norms and their application to concrete situations
Navigation in polar conditions
No full textTema ovog rada obrađuje zahtjevnost plovidbe brodova kroz polarna područja zbog specifičnih klimatskih uvjeta koji njima vladaju. Rad je podijeljen u 5 cjelina u kojima se detaljno opisuju polarna područja Arktika i Antartike te njihove meteorološke i oceanografske karakteristike. U Uvodu je predstavljena problematika teme koja se razrađuje kroz ovaj rad. Drugo poglavlje opisuje polarna područja Arktika i Antartike, njihovu topografiju i oceanografiju. U trećem poglavlju opisana je meteorologija polarnih područja, nastajanje leda na moru, njegove vrste i opasnost koju on predstavlja za brodove. Četvrto poglavlje odnosi se na plovidbu u najvažnijim polarnim područjima te pomorske plovidbene rute. I na kraju poglavlje o pravilima koja reguliraju sigurnost plovidbe kao što su Polarni kodeks i ICE klase.he thesis explores the challenges ships encounter while passing through the environmentally harsh polar regions. The study is structured around five chapters that provide a comprehensive description of the Arctic and Antarctica, including detailed information about their meteorological and oceanographic characteristics. The introduction outlines the central issue that is explored in greater detail in the thesis. The second chapter provides an extensive overview of the topographic and oceanographic features of the Arctic and Antarctica, commonly known as the polar regions. The third chapter provides an account of the meteorological features of the polar areas, including the formation of sea ice, its various types, and the peril it poses to ships. Chapter Four focuses on the specifics of navigating the most significant polar sailing routes. The final chapter addresses the regulations governing the safety of navigation, including the Polar Code and the ICE Classes
Fostering Sustainable LNG Bunkering Operations: Development of Regulatory Framework
No full textLiquefied natural gas (LNG) is a liquid form of natural gas, predominantly composed of methane, that has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional hydrocarbon fuels in the maritime transportation sector due to its lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. As the world shifts towards renewable energy sources, LNG is increasingly recognized as a bridge fuel that can help mitigate global warming. However, the production and use of LNG can result in methane emissions, which have a higher global warming potential than carbon dioxide. To address this issue, competent authorities aim to develop regulatory frameworks to reduce the potential environmental impact of LNG and promote its use as a cleaner fuel in the maritime sector. We used a systematic approach to selecting and synthesizing the sources relevant to the LNG bunkering process to provide an overview of the current state of regulations, standards, guidance, and trends in LNG bunkering to minimize the potential adverse environmental impacts
Failure analysis and method of repair of submarine optical cable systems
No full textRazvoj industrije podmorskih optičkih kabela snažno utječe na komunikaciju kako
globalno tako i na regionalnim razinama. Tehnologija danas omogućava kvalitetan i brz prijenos
različitih informacija te je evidentno da su sustavi podvodnih kabela u odnosu na trenutni rast
širokopojasnih mreža, i dalje ključna odrednica svjetskih ukupnih telekomunikacijskih
sposobnosti i kapaciteta. Obzirom da se više od 90 % svjetske elektroničke komunikacije
obavlja putem podmorskih optičkih kabela, naglašava razinu ovisnosti komunikacijskih mreža
o industriji podvodnih kabela, utvrđivanju i metodama rješavanja kvarova. Napredak u
industriji podmorskih optičkih kabela evidentan je, kretao se od inovacija u ukapanju kabela
koristeći napredne tehnike oranja, do dizajna visoko naprednih, otvorenih pristupnih
podmorskih kabelskih mreža koje sveobuhvatno povezuju sve zemlje unutar određenog
područja. No, podmorski su optički kabeli izloženi različitim opasnostima kako od vremenskih
nepogoda, do gospodarskih aktivnosti (ribolova i sidrenja brodova) što može oštetiti kabeli i
uzrokovati kvarove. Troškovi popravaka kvarova mogu biti visoki, ako se kvar pravovremeno
ne utvrdi i otkloni.
U ovom završnom radu naglasak je na analizi postupaka utvrđivanja i metoda popravaka
kvarova na podmorskim optičkim kabela. Opisuju se postupci i instrumenti koji se koriste za
testiranje kvarova te koji omogućuju pravovremeno i točno lociranje kvara i testiranje optičkog
podmorskog kabela nakon popravka. Posebno se daje prikaz mjerenja optičkog signala uz
pomoć testne kutije tijekom popravka kvara.The development of the submarine fibre optic cable industry strongly affects
communication both globally and regionally. Technology today enables high-quality and fast
transmission of various information, and it is evident that underwater cable systems, in relation
to the current growth of broadband networks, are still a key determinant of the world's overall
telecommunication capabilities and capacities. Considering that more than 90% of the world's
electronic communication is carried out via submarine fibre optic cables, it highlights the level
of dependence of communications networks on the submarine cable industry, fault detection
II
and troubleshooting methods. Advances in the submarine fibre optic cable industry are evident,
ranging from innovations in cable laying using advanced flowing techniques, to the design of
highly advanced, open access submarine cable networks that comprehensively connect all
countries within a given area. However, submarine optical cables are exposed to various
dangers, from weather to economic activities (fishing and anchoring of ships), which can
damage the cables and cause malfunctions. The costs of repairing defects can be high, if the
defect is not identified and eliminated in time.
In this final paper, the emphasis is on the analysis of procedures for determining and
repairing faults on submarine optical cables. Procedures and instruments used for fault testing
are described, which enable timely and accurate fault location and testing of the optical
submarine cable after repair. In particular, the measurement of the optical signal with the help
of the test box during the repair of the fault is presented
Coastal Zone and Maritime Common Good Participatory Allocation
No full textThe paper presents results of the research focused on analysing applicable allocation approaches (general mechanisms) regarding coastal zones and maritime common good. We identified relevant general stakeholder groups and two general allocation approaches, one with decision-making authority granted exclusive to public authorities, and other – participatory approach – based on self-governing and deliberative inclusion and proactive participation of all relevant stakeholders in the allocation decision-making process and governing mechanism. The research also utilises application of agency theory to maritime common good and coastal zone allocation, evaluating identified allocation approaches in the light of the agency theory. The research also encompasses an in-depth literature analysis, complementary accompanying previous research in the field and evaluating compatibility of participatory allocation approach with modern institutional framework addressing coastal zone management in the Mediterranean. The importance of further developments of maritime common good and coastal zone allocation approaches and mechanisms, based on active participation and partnership of stakeholders in the decision-making process, is emphasized in order to further strengthen the potential for stronger and fruitful utilisation of information background (local knowledge) from local population necessary to sustainably improve complex allocation process of maritime common good on the long run
Impact of Operational Configuration Onboard a Drillship on Main Generator Engine Subcomponents Interval and Maintenance Strategies
No full textMaintenance intervals and approaches for marine equipment have been the subject of numerous studies, focusing on previous failure patterns and associated risks. However, in vessels like drillships, operating under high reliability requirements and possessing significant redundancy, maintenance strategies have a critical impact on overall performance. This study investigates the influence of operational configurations on maintenance intervals and approaches for generator engine subcomponents onboard a drillship. Using data on injector failures onboard drillships, we employ the maintenance concept adjustment and design (MA-CAD) method to analyse and determine maintenance intervals across various operational configurations. Initially, we analyse the failure pattern of fuel injectors and propose a reduction in maintenance intervals through Weibull probability distribution fitting. Additionally, a risk analysis is conducted to assess the impact of operational configurations on risk indices related to fuel injector reliability and safety consequences. Our findings reveal that different operational configurations of the power generation plant can lead to changes in risk indices, shifting injector reliability status from unacceptable to undesirable limits. Consequently, maintenance intervals need to be adjusted as well to ensure optimal performance and safety. Furthermore, considering various engine subcomponents and their reliability under different operational configurations suggests the need for tailored maintenance approaches. This research provides insights into optimising maintenance strategies for drillship, ensuring reliability and safety across diverse operational scenarios
Epistemic stability and nonlinear dynamics in selection of suboptimal cluster counts in medical images validation dataset as a cluster homogeneity measure
No full textThis paper presents a compact method for selecting the suboptimal number of clusters in unsupervised clustering, which is comparable in complexity to the well-known elbow method, silhouette score and gap statistic, but has been upgraded for clustering with the dominant overlaps. It is primarily based on heuristics and combines human reasoning with the deterministic qualitative analysis of clustering as a mapping from Euclidean space to the unstructured space of cognitive decision making and labeling. Epistemic stability as a notation involves a methodological approach that takes into account the available knowledge in the observed data set and avoids biases and effects on the objectivity of clustering. The stability discussion is also integrated into the assigned and naturally quantitative analysis of the dataset, not to regulate the clustering, but to learn from the pattern of instability. The method is applied to the specific task of classifying medical images from pre-selected image sets based on the associated metadata to determine the homogeneity of the analyzed clusters. However, it is also applicable to any other example of datasets that exhibit statistically multivariate problems with dominant overlaps. In the mathematical discussion of the method presented, the constrained conditions for datasets are established by definitions and assumptions, followed by the central mathematical propositions of the method of epistemic stability
A Sensor-Fusion-Based Experimental Apparatus for Collecting Touchscreen Handwriting Biometric Features
No full textUsing biometric data for user authentication is a frequently addressed subject within the context of computer security. Despite significant advancements in technology, handwriting analysis continues to be the most common method of identifying individuals. There are two distinct types of handwriting recognition: offline and online. The first type involves the identification and interpretation of handwritten content obtained from an image, such as digitized human handwriting. The latter pertains to the identification of handwriting derived from digital writing performed on a touchpad or touchscreen. This research paper provides a comprehensive overview of the proposed apparatus specifically developed for collecting handwritten data. The acquisition of biometric information is conducted using a touchscreen device equipped with a variety of integrated and external sensors. In addition to acquiring signatures, the sensor-fusion-based configuration accumulates handwritten phrases, words, and individual letters to facilitate online user authentication. The proposed system can collect an extensive array of data. Specifically, it is possible to capture data related to stylus pressure, magnetometer readings, images, videos, and audio signals associated with handwriting executed on a tablet device. The study incorporates instances of gathered records, providing a graphical representation of the variation in handwriting among distinct users. The data obtained were additionally analyzed with regard to inter-person variability, intra-person variability, and classification potential. Initial findings from a limited sample of users demonstrate favorable results, intending to gather data from a more extensive user base