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The Impact of Strength and Power Training on Performance in Long-Distance Runners : Undergraduate Thesis
No full textJedna od atletskih trkačkih disciplina, trčanje na duge pruge zahtijeva visoku razinu aerobne izdržljivosti i anaerobnih sposobnosti, dobro razvijenu osnovnu brzinu, maksimalnu jakost i snagu. U poglavlju o trčanju na duge pruge predstavljaju se čimbenici koji utječu na sportsku uspješnost poput tehnike trčanja i fizioloških zahtjeva. Treće poglavlje daje pregled o najprikladnijim metodama treninga jakosti i snage za dugoprugaše kao što su trening maksimalne jakosti, pliometrijski trening i kontrast trening. Utjecaj treninga jakosti i snage na trčanje na duge pruge, detaljnije je razmotren u četvrtom poglavlju. U tijeku ovoga rada se razmatraju različite metode treninga jakosti i snage. Naročito adekvatno integrirani treninzi maksimalne jakosti i pliometrijske snage mogu imati pozitivan utjecaj na uspješnost kod trčanja na duge pruge. Dok s jedne strane imaju potencijal za poboljšane sportske performanse radi više ekonomičnosti trčanja i pozitivnog utjecaja na izdržljivost i sposobnost generiranja eksplozivne sile, s druge strane dodatno povećavaju otpornost pasivnih struktura te smanjuju rizik od ozljeda. Pliometrijsku snagu moguće je razviti unutar sport-specifičnih trkačkih treninga, dok je za razvoj maksimalne jakosti poželjna zastupljenost ciljanih kondicijskih treninga s odgovarajućim teškim opterećenjem. Praktična metoda treninga koja ujedno razvija maksimalnu jakost i pliometrijsku snagu za poboljšanje sportskih performansi kod trčanja na duge pruge predstavlja takozvani kontrast trening. Kontrast trening kombinira vježbe maksimalne jakosti s pliometrijskim vježbama eksplozivne snage za iskorištavanje post-aktivacijskog potencijala mišića za još veće moguće generiranje sile. Zaključuje je se što je upravo to pretvaranje maksimalne jakosti u brzinu efikasno za poboljšanje performansi dugoprugaša.As one of the athletics disciplines, long-distance running requires a high level of aerobic endurance and anaerobic capacity, well-developed basic speed, maximum strength and power. The chapter on long-distance running presents factors that influence sports performance, such as running technique and physiological demands. The third chapter provides an overview of the most suitable methods of strength and power training for long-distance runners, such as maxi-mum strength training, plyometric training and contrast training. The influence of strength and power training on long-distance running is discussed in more detail in the fourth chapter. In the course of this work, different methods of strength and power training are considered. Especially adequately integrated maximum strength and plyometric strength training can have a positive impact on long-distance running performance. While on the one hand they have the potential for improved sports performance due to more economical running and a positive impact on endurance and the ability to generate explosive force, on the other hand they additionally in-crease the resistance of passive structures and reduce the risk of injuries. It is possible to develop plyometric strength within sport-specific running training, while for the development of maxi-mum strength it is desirable to include targeted strength and conditioning training with appropriate heavy loads. A practical training method that simultaneously develops maximum strength and plyometric power to improve sports performance in long-distance running is the so-called contrast training. Contrast training combines maximal strength exercises with plyometric exercises of explosive strength to use the post-activation potential of the muscles for even greater possible force generation. It is concluded that this conversion of maximum strength into speed is effective for improving the performance of long-distance runners
Razina tjelesne pismenosti odraslog stanovništva Hrvatske, spolne razlike i povezanost sa sudjelovanjem u organiziranoj tjelesnoj aktivnosti : diplomski rad
No full textPhysical literacy (PL) is the foundation for lifelong participation in physical activity. Most previous research concentrated on PL examinations in younger groups, while such research is scarce in the adult population. This study aimed to determine the PL levels of the Croatian adult population. Also, the aim was to investigate whether individuals with longer participation in organized physical activity have higher PL levels and do males and females differ in PL levels. The sample comprised 561 individuals (321 females, 240 males) aged 27.65±12.13 years. PL levels were assessed by the Croatian version of the Perceived Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPLQ-Cro). Demographic characteristics included age, gender, and years of involvement in organized physical activity. Gender differences were calculated using the Mann-Whitney U test and effect sizes. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to determine associations between study variables. Males had significantly higher PL levels compared to females (83.10±16.17 for males and 74.27±20.07 for females, Z=-6.88, p=0.001). Years of organized physical activity were associated with PL levels (R=0.48, p=0.001) in the total sample as well in males (R=0.55, p<0.001) and females (R=0.24, p<0.01) separately. The finding that years of organized physical activity are associated with total PL supports the theory that PL is the cornerstone for participating in lifetime physical activity. The results of this study emphasize the importance of introducing the concept of PL in numerous institutions and organizations connected with organized physical activity.Većina prijašnjih istraživanja bila je usmjerena na ispitivanje tjelesne pismenosti (TP) u mlađim skupinama, dok je takvih istraživanja malo u odrasloj populaciji. No, ova je populacija jednako važna jer TP oblikuje cjeloživotne navike sudjelovanja u tjelesnoj aktivnosti. Ovo istraživanje imalo je za cilj utvrditi razine TP kod odrasle hrvatske populacije. Također, cilj je bio istražiti imaju li osobe koje se duže bave organiziranim sportom višu razinu TP te razlikuju li se muškarci i žene u razini TP. Uzorak se sastojao od 561 osobe (321 žena, 240 muškaraca) u dobi od27,65±12,13 godina. Razine TP procijenjene su hrvatskom verzijom Upitnika percipirane tjelesne aktivnosti (PPLQ-Cro). Demografske karakteristike uključivale su dob, spol i godine bavljenja organiziranom tjelesnom aktivnošću. Spolne razlike izračunate su pomoću Mann-Whitney U testa i veličine učinaka. Spearmanovi korelacijski koeficijenti korišteni su za određivanje povezanosti između varijabli studije. Muškarci su imali značajno više razine TP u odnosu na žene (83,10±16,17 za muškarce I 74,27±20,07 za žene, Z=-6,88, p=0,001). Godine organizirane tjelesne aktivnosti povezane su s razinama TP(R=0,40, p=0,001). Nalaz da su godine organizirane tjelesne aktivnosti povezane s ukupnom TP podupire teoriju da je TP kamen temeljac za sudjelovanje u cjeloživotnoj tjelesnoj aktivnosti. Rezultati ovog istraživanja naglašavaju važnost uvođenja koncepta PL u brojne institucije i organizacije povezane s organiziranom tjelesnom aktivnošću
Parental Involvement in Supporting Sports Activities of Preschool Children : Master's Thesis
No full textOvo istraživanje usmjereno je na ispitivanje razine uključenosti roditelja u potpori tjelesnoj aktivnosti djece predškolske dobi te na njihovu svijest o važnosti zdrave prehrane i emocionalnog i psihološkog razvoja kroz tjelesno vježbanje. Cilj je bio utvrditi u kojoj mjeri roditelji prepoznaju značaj vlastitog angažmana u stvaranju zdravih navika kod djece te kako oblikuju svoje roditeljske stilove u tom kontekstu. Istraživanje je provedeno na manjem uzorku roditelja djece predškolske dobi putem upitnika koji je obuhvatio stavove, navike i razinu znanja roditelja o prehrani, tjelesnoj aktivnosti i psihološkom razvoju. Rezultati pokazuju da su roditelji u velikoj mjeri uključeni u tjelesne aktivnosti svoje djece, najčešće kroz zajedničko sudjelovanje nekoliko puta tjedno, pri čemu češće biraju podržavajući ili uravnotežen roditeljski stil. Također, većina roditelja prepoznaje važnost tjelesne aktivnosti za emocionalni i psihološki razvoj djece te potiče komunikaciju i uključivanje djece u donošenje odluka o izboru aktivnosti. Premda mnogi nemaju sportski uzor u obitelji, izražena je svjesna namjera da se kod djece razviju zdrave životne navike. Većina roditelja također pokazuje razvijenu svijest o prehrambenim navikama u kontekstu tjelesne aktivnosti, informira se kroz različite izvore i smatra da posjeduje zadovoljavajuće znanje o zdravoj prehrani. Hipoteze postavljene u istraživanju potvrđene su i ukazuju na visoku razinu roditeljske uključenosti i svijesti. Ipak, ograničenja rada odnose se na mali uzorak i nedostatak mogućnosti dublje demografske analize, što otvara prostor za daljnja istraživanja na većim i raznolikijim populacijama.This research focuses on examining the level of parental involvement in supporting physical activity among preschool-aged children, as well as parents’ awareness of the importance of healthy nutrition and the emotional and psychological development that occurs through physical exercise. The aim was to determine the extent to which parents recognize the significance of their own engagement in shaping healthy habits in children and how they form their parenting styles within this context. The research was conducted on a smaller sample of parents of preschool children through a questionnaire that covered parental attitudes, habits, and level of knowledge about nutrition, physical activity, and psychological development. The results indicate that parents are largely involved in their children's physical activities, most often through shared participation several times a week, and they tend to adopt a supportive or balanced parenting style. Furthermore, most parents recognize the importance of physical activity for their children's emotional and psychological development and encourage communication and child participation in decision-making regarding activity choices. Although many do not have a sports role model within the family, there is a clear intention to foster healthy lifestyle habits in their children. Most parents also demonstrate awareness of nutritional habits in the context of physical activity, seek information from various sources, and believe they have a satisfactory understanding of healthy eating. The research hypotheses were confirmed, pointing to a high level of parental involvement and awareness. However, the study's limitations include the small sample size and the inability to perform more detailed demographic analysis, highlighting the need for future research on larger and more diverse populations
Pilates as a Means of Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation : Undergraduate Thesis
No full textCilj ovog rada je istražiti i analizirati ulogu Pilates metode kao učinkovitog sredstva u prevenciji i rehabilitaciji ozljeda, s posebnim naglaskom na njezinu primjenu u području kineziologije, fizioterapije i rekreativne tjelesne aktivnosti. Pilates, kao sustavno osmišljen način vježbanja, temelji se na kontroli pokreta, pravilnom disanju, aktivaciji centra tijela, koncentraciji i preciznosti, čime se postiže bolja posturalna stabilnost, mišićna ravnoteža i funkcionalna pokretljivost. U kontekstu suvremenog pristupa zdravlju i kretanju, Pilates metoda postaje sve važnija zbog svoje prilagodljivosti i mogućnosti primjene kod širokog spektra populacije, uključujući rekreativce, profesionalne sportaše, starije osobe, kao i pacijente u fazama rehabilitacije. U radu se detaljno prikazuju biomehanički i fiziološki učinci Pilates vježbi, uključujući njihov utjecaj na duboke stabilizatore trupa, poboljšanje fleksibilnosti, disanja i koordinacije. Posebna pažnja posvećena je prevenciji najčešćih ozljeda - donjeg dijela leđa, koljena, kukova, ramena i vrata - te se analizira kako pravilno programirane Pilates vježbe mogu smanjiti rizik od njihovog nastanka kroz jačanje mišićne snage, poboljšanje posture i smanjenje mišićne neravnoteže. Također, rad istražuje kako se Pilates koristi u rehabilitacijskim procesima nakon ozljeda kralježnice, gornjih i donjih ekstremiteta, kao i kod postoperativnih stanja. Završni dio rada donosi smjernice za sigurnu primjenu Pilates metode u kontekstu prevencije i rehabilitacije, naglašavajući važnost individualiziranog pristupa, stručnog vodstva te prepoznavanja kontraindikacija i mogućih rizika. Rad završava sintezom ključnih nalaza te otvara prostor za daljnja istraživanja u ovom rastućem području koje spaja pokret i zdravlje u cilju očuvanja funkcionalne sposobnosti i kvalitete života.The aim of this paper is to explore and analyze the role of the Pilates method as an effective tool in the prevention and rehabilitation of injuries, with particular emphasis on its application in the fields of kinesiology, physiotherapy, and recreational physical activity. Pilates, as a systematically designed form of exercise, is based on movement control, proper breathing, core activation, concentration, and precision. These principles contribute to improved postural stability, muscular balance, and functional mobility. In the context of the modern approach to health and movement, the Pilates method is gaining increasing importance due to its adaptability and applicability across a wide range of populations, including recreational athletes, professional sportspeople, the elderly, and patients undergoing rehabilitation. This paper provides a detailed overview of the biomechanical and physiological effects of Pilates exercises, including their impact on deep core stabilizers, enhanced flexibility, breathing patterns, and coordination. Special attention is given to the prevention of the most common injuries - lower back, knees, hips, shoulders, and neck - and an analysis is conducted on how well-structured Pilates programs can reduce the risk of such injuries through increased muscle strength, improved posture, and reduced muscular imbalances. Additionally, the paper investigates the role of Pilates in rehabilitation processes following injuries of the spine, upper and lower extremities, as well as in postoperative recovery. The final part of the paper offers guidelines for the safe implementation of the Pilates method in injury prevention and rehabilitation, emphasizing the importance of individualized programming, professional supervision, and the recognition of contraindications and potential risks. The work concludes with a synthesis of key findings and opens up opportunities for further research in this growing field that connects movement and health with the goal of maintaining functional capacity and quality of life
Distribution of Weekly Load in a Competitive Microcycle in Football : Graduate Thesis
No full textOvaj rad analizira distribuciju tjednog opterećenja unutar natjecateljskog mikrociklusa u nogometu, naglašavajući važnost periodizacije treninga kako bi se optimizirala izvedba i smanjio rizik od ozljeda. Tjedna dinamika opterećenja pokazuje kako su visoka opterećenja raspoređena s obzirom na broj dana između utakmica, pri čemu je ključna ravnoteža između treninga visokog intenziteta, niskog intenziteta i perioda oporavka. Rad obuhvaća periodizaciju jakosti, eksplozivne snage, sprinta, visoko intenzivno trčanje (HSR), kompenzacijskih treninga, taper treninga, periodizaciju različitih tipova mišićnih kontrakcija kako bi se osigurale potrebne fiziološke adaptacije kao i ravnomjerna valovitost opterećenja kroz tjedan. Pažnja je isto tako posvećena je programiranju dana odmora i oporavka, pri čemu se naglašava potreba za individualiziranim pristupom starterima i zamjenama. Dodatno, rad analizira ključne metode oporavka, uključujući aktivni oporavak, hidroterapiju, masažu, nutritivnu strategiju te važnost sna. Također se razmatra primjena treninga poput ekscentričnog i izometričkog treninga, koji su važni za povećanje jakosti i smanjenje rizika od ozljeda. Na kraju, rad obuhvaća strategije taperinga i priming treninga, koje omogućuju sportašima da budu spremni za utakmicu te naglašava važnost praćenja opterećenja (load monitoring) putem različitih metoda kao što su RPE, HR, GPS podaci i neuromuskularni testovi. Zaključno, pravilno planiranje i prilagodba tjednog mikrociklusa ključni su za dugoročnu izvedbu i prevenciju ozljeda u profesionalnom nogometu.This paper analyzes the distribution of weekly load within the competitive microcycle in football, emphasizing the importance of training periodization to optimize performance and reduce injury risk. The weekly load dynamics illustrate how high-intensity loads are distributed based on the number of days between matches, highlighting the crucial balance between high-intensity training, low-intensity training, and recovery periods. The study covers the periodization of strength, explosive power, sprinting, high-speed running (HSR), compensatory training, taper training, and different types of muscle contractions to ensure necessary physiological adaptations and a balanced workload fluctuation throughout the week. Special attention is also given to the scheduling of rest and recovery days, stressing the need for an individualized approach for starters and substitutes. Additionally, the paper analyzes key recovery methods, including active recovery, hydrotherapy, massage, nutritional strategies, and the importance of sleep. It also examines the implementation of eccentric and isometric training, which are crucial for enhancing strength and reducing injury risk. Finally, the paper discusses tapering and priming training strategies, which help athletes prepare for matches, and emphasizes the importance of load monitoring through various methods such as RPE, HR, GPS data, and neuromuscular tests. In conclusion, proper planning and adaptation of the weekly microcycle are essential for long-term performance and injury prevention in professional football
The Impact of Recreational and Fitness Activities on Health : Graduate Thesis
No full textCilj ovog rada je teorijski obraditi utjecaj rekreacijskih i fitnes aktivnosti na zdravlje pojedinca s naglaskom na fiziološke, psihološke i socijalne učinke. Analizom literature utvrđeno je da redovita tjelesna aktivnost značajno umanjuje rizik od kardiovaskularnih bolesti, dijabetesa tipa 2, osteoporoze, pretilosti i drugih kroničnih stanja koja se javljaju kod ljudi. Osim fizičkih koristi, rekreacija i fitnes doprinose smanjenju stresa, anksioznosti i depresije te poboljšavaju raspoloženje, kognitivne funkcije i kvalitetu sna što uvelike doprinosi mentalnom zdravlju. Istaknute su razlike između rekreacije i fitnesa te njihova svrha. Obrađene su i specifičnosti učinaka rekreacije i fitnesa kod različitih dobnih skupina te utjecaji konkretnih aktivnosti poput plivanja, planinarenja, biciklizma i grupnih sportova. Kroz obradu literature potvrđeno je da rekreacijske i fitnes aktivnosti imaju puno pozitivnih učinaka koji nadilaze tjelesnu komponentu i obuhvaćaju sve dimenzije zdravlja. Redovita tjelesna aktivnost u obliku rekreacije i fitnesa treba biti sastavni dio javnog zdravstva i svakodnevnog života jer značajno može očuvati i unaprijediti zdravlje pojedinca i populacije.The aim of this paper is to theoretically explore the impact of recreational and fitness activities on individual health, with a focus on physiological, psychological, and social effects. A review of the literature shows that regular physical activity significantly reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, obesity, and other chronic conditions common among individuals. In addition to physical benefits, recreation and fitness help reduce stress, anxiety, and depression, while improving mood, cognitive functions, and sleep quality, all of which greatly contribute to mental health. The differences between recreation and fitness, as well as their respective purposes, are highlighted. The paper also examines the specific effects of recreation and fitness across various age groups, as well as the impact of specific activities such as swimming, hiking, cycling, and group sports. The literature confirms that recreational and fitness activities provide numerous benefits that go beyond the physical aspect and encompass all dimensions of health. Regular physical activity in the form of recreation and fitness should be an integral part of public health and daily life, as it can significantly preserve and enhance the health of both individuals and the population
Morfološke karakteristike i somatotip mladih elitnih nogometaša : diplomski rad
No full textCilj ovog istraživanja bio je prikazati morfološke karakteristike i utvrditi razlike u somatotipu između mladih nogometaša različitih dobnih kategorija (U11, U15 i U17). U istraživanju je sudjelovalo ukupno 116 mladih hrvatskih nogometaša. Mjerena je tjelesna visina i tjelesna masa. Debljina kožnog nabora mjerena je na četiri topološke regije tijela: triceps, subskapularno, abdominalno i potkoljenica, pomoću kalipera za kožne nabore. Opseg nadlaktice i potkoljenice mjereni su pomoću mjerne vrpce. Dva dijametra (u centimetrima) mjerena su pomoću Vitruvijevog kalipera: biepikondilarna humerusa i biepikondilarna femura. Izračunate su tri komponente somatotipa: endomorfija, mezomorfija i ektomorfija. Igrači U17 pokazali su se najvišima, najmasivnijima i imali su najviše prosječne vrijednosti u mjerenjima tjelesnih dijametara i opsega. Uočen je pad mezomorfne komponente kroz dobne skupine (4,06 za U11, 3,94 za U15 i 3,61 za U17, p<0,01). Istovremeno, ektomorfna komponente značajno je diskriminirala U11 i U15/U17 generaciju (3,01 naspram 4,01/3,47). Endomorfna komponenta nije značajno diskriminirala skupine. Prosječni somatotip različitih dobnih skupina bio je: 2,55–4,06–3,01 (U11), 2,48–3,94–4,02 (U15) i 2,33–3,61–3,91 (U17). Treneri i stručni tim moraju biti vrlo oprezni prilikom odabira i selekcije pojedinih igrača, jer je proces rasta i sazrijevanja složen i dugotrajan, što otežava procjenu njihovog sportskog potencijala na temelju prvih mjerenja.The main aim of this research was to present morphological characteristics and determine differences in somatotype components among young soccer players of different age categories (U11, U15, and U17). A total of 116 young Croatian soccer players participated in the study. Body height and weight were measured. Skinfold thickness was assessed at four sites: triceps, subscapular, abdominal, and lower leg, using skinfold calipers. Upper arm and lower leg circumferences were measured using a tape measure. Two diameters (in centimeters) were measured using a Vitruvian caliper: biepicondylar diameter of the humerus and the biepicondylar diameter of the femur. Three somatotype components endomorphy, mesomorphy, and ectomorphy were calculated. U17 players were found to be the tallest, heaviest, and had the highest average values in body diameters and circumferences. A decrease in the mesomorphic component was observed across age groups (4.06 for U11, 3.94 for U15, and 3.61 for U17, p<0.01). At the same time, the ectomorphic component showed significant differences between U11 and U15/U17 (3.01 vs. 4.01/3.47). The endomorphic component did not show significant differences between categories. The average somatotype of the different age groups was: 2.55–4.06–3.01 (U11), 2.48–3.94–4.02 (U15), and 2.33–3.61–3.91 (U17). Coaches and the professional team must be cautious when selecting individual players, as the process of growth and maturation is complex and long-lasting, which complicates the assessment of their sporting potential based on initial measurements
Speed and Power Abilities Comparison of Youth Soccer Players With Different Number of Weekly Training Sessions : Master's Thesis
No full textOd ukupnog uzorka od 56 mladih nogometaša pokušalo se utvrditi postoje li značajne razlike u brzini i eksplozivnoj snazi između djece koja treniraju 3 i 4 puta tjedno. Prva skupina djece koja trenira 3 puta na tjedan su iz BŠK Zmaja (n=18) i NK Hajduka iz Vele Luke (n=12). Druga skupina djece su iz GOŠK-a iz Kaštel Gomilice (n=26) koji imaju treninge 4 puta na tjedan. Testovi koji su bili reprezentanti navedenih sposobnosti su: skok u dalj s mjesta, skok u vis (Sargent test), bacanje medicinke, sprint na 5 i 20 metara i sprint na 20 metara s loptom. Antropometrijske karakteristike koje su bile izmjerene su tjelesna visina (ATV), tjelesna masa (ATM) i indeks tjelesne mase (BMI). Nakon provedenih testova podaci su statistički obrađeni kroz osnovne deskriptivne parametre te se T-testom za nezavisne uzorke htjelo utvrditi postoje li značajne razlike između dviju navedenih skupina. T-test je ukazao da su djeca iz GOŠK-a signifikantno bolja u testovima sprint 20 metara (p=0,008) i skok u dalj (p=0,041), dok su u svim ostalim testovima bili također bolji, ali statistički neznačajno. Također su se značajno razlikovali u indeksu tjelesne mase (p=0,002) zbog toga što su djeca s otoka Korčule nešto niža i s većom tjelesnom masom. Ovaj podatak možemo ubrojiti kao jedan od razloga zašto su djeca iz GOŠK-a imala bolje rezultate u svim testovima. Također su uspoređene razlike između kronološke dobi i trenažne dobi djece. Uočeno je da su djeca iz otoka Korčule prosječno starija (12,72 godine) od djece iz Kaštela. Što se tiče trenažne dobi, djeca iz Kaštela imaju prosječno više trenažnog staža (6,65 godina) od djece s otoka Korčule (4,53), što se može uzeti u obzir kao još jedan od razloga razlike rezultata. Za kraj se zaključuje kako su djeca koja treniraju 4 puta na tjedan pokazala značajno bolje rezultate u testovima brzine i eksplozivne snage od djece koja treniraju 3 puta na tjedan. Ovo istraživanje može biti poticaj za daljnja istraživanja u kojima se može upotpuniti motorički i morfološki profil igrača kako bi se pronašle još neke razlike ili sličnosti.From a total sample of 56 young football players, an attempt was made to determine whether there are significant differences in speed and explosive power between children who train 3 and 4 times a week. The first group of children who train 3 times a week are from BŠK Zmaj (n=18) and NK Hajduk from Vela Luka (n=12). The second group of children are from GOŠK from Kaštel Gomilica (n=26) who have training 4 times a week. The tests that were representative of the mentioned abilities are: standing long jump, high jump (Sargent test), medicine ball throw, 5 and 20 meter sprint and 20 meter sprint with the ball. The anthropometric characteristics that were measured were body height (ATV), body mass (ATM) and body mass index (BMI). After the tests were conducted, the data were statistically processed through basic descriptive parameters and the T-test for independent samples was used to determine whether there are significant differences between the two mentioned groups. The t-test showed that children from GOŠK were significantly better in the 20-meter sprint (p=0,008) and long jump (p=0,041) tests, while they were also better in all other tests, but not statistically significant. They also differed significantly in body mass index (p=0,002) because children from the island of Korčula are somewhat shorter and have a higher body mass. This data can be considered one of the reasons why children from GOŠK had better results in all tests. The differences between the chronological age and the training age of the children were also compared. It was observed that children from the island of Korčula are on average older (12,72 years) than children from Kaštela. As for training age, children from GOŠK have on average more training experience (6,65 years) than the children from the island of Korčula, which can be considered as another reason for the difference in results. In conclusion, children who train 4 times a week showed significantly better results in speed and explosive power tests than children who train 3 times a week. This research may be an incentive for further research in which the motor and morphological profile of the players can be completed in order to find some more differences or similarities
Analysis of the Possibilities of Applying Biomechanical Models in Kinesitherapy of Paraswimmers With Cerebral Palsy : Graduate Thesis
No full textPrimjena biomehaničkih modela u kineziterapiji paraplivača s cerebralnom paralizom nud poboljšavajuće terapijske pristupe i efikasnost. Cerebralna paraliza je neurološko stanje koje otežava motoričku kontrolu, a plivanje se koristi kao terapijska aktivnost zbog smanjenja opterećenja na zglobove i slobodnijeg kretanja. Tradicionalne kineziterapijske metode često nisu dovoljne za optimalno poboljšanje funkcija kod paraplivača s cerebralnom paralizom. Korištenjem biomehaničkih modela moguće je detaljno analizirati pokrete i identificirati specifične biomehaničke karakteristike koje utječu na plivanje. Napredni senzori i tehnologije za praćenje pokreta pomažu terapeutima da precizno procijene obrasce kretanja i identificiraju područja koja zahtijevaju dodatnu pažnju. Biomehanički modeli omogućavaju simulacije terapijskih intervencija i procjenu njihovog učinka, omogućujući terapeutu prilagodbu terapijskih programa prema individualnim potrebama svakog paraplivača. Na primjer, analiza pokreta može otkriti disbalanse u mišićnoj snazi ili nedovoljno efikasne tehnike koje se mogu korigirati specifičnim vježbama. Integracija biomehaničkih modela također omogućava praćenje napretka i evaluaciju terapijskih rezultata, što terapeute čini informiranijima pri donošenju odluka o prilagodbama terapija. Ova analiza otvara vrata unapređenju kvalitete terapijskih intervencija i motoričkih funkcija paraplivača s cerebralnom paralizom.The use of biomechanical models in kinesitherapy for paraswimmers with cerebral palsy offers improved therapeutic approaches and efficiency. Cerebral palsy is a neurological condition that impairs motor control, and swimming is used as a therapeutic activity due to reduced joint load and freer movement. Traditional kinesitherapy methods are often not sufficient to optimally improve function in paraswimmers with cerebral palsy. By using biomechanical models, it is possible to analyze movements in detail and identify specific biomechanical characteristics that affect swimming. Advanced sensors and motion tracking technologies help therapists accurately assess movement patterns and identify areas that require additional attention. Biomechanical models enable the simulation of therapeutic interventions and the evaluation of their effect, allowing the therapist to adjust the therapeutic programs according to the individual needs of each paraswimmer. For example, movement analysis can reveal imbalances in muscle strength or insufficiently efficient techniques that can be corrected with specific exercises. The integration of biomechanical models also allows for progress monitoring and evaluation of therapeutic outcomes, which makes therapists more informed when making decisions about therapy adjustments. This analysis opens the door to improving the quality of therapeutic interventions and motor functions of paraswimmers with cerebral palsy
Integrative Hypertrophy Training Within the Conditioning Program of Special Intervention Police Officers : Graduate Thesis
No full textKondicijska priprema pripadnika interventne policije je od krucijalne važnosti u obavljanju poslova i ovlasti propisanih zakonom. Pri samom testiranju kandidata za ulazak u ovakve postrojbe, postoje određena testiranja i norme koje se moraju zadovoljiti. Iz takvih testiranja može se vidjeti da veliku ulogu igraju bazične motoričke sposobnosti poput izdržljivosti, brzine, snage, koordinacije, preciznosti i fleksibilnosti. Svakoj obuci, treningu ili vježbi pripadnika interventnih jedinica trebalo bi biti cilj da su okolnosti pod kojima se oni odvijaju teži od mogućih uvjeta u stvarnoj situaciji. Ovdje se radi o specifičnom obliku kondicioniranja, koje se kreira u svrhu pripreme djelatnika za postavljene zadatke, da bi se povećao njihov učinak, ciljano programirani trening hipertrofije nije uključen u plan obuke djelatnika. Iako nije uključen u plan obuke, ne znači da se ne uviđa važnost istog. Iz tog razloga djelatnici interventne policije Split u bazi "Mravinci", imaju na raspolaganju i teretanu i dvoranu, gdje im se u svakoj radnoj smjeni ostavlja vrijeme od 1-2 sata za samostalni trening. U tom vremenu djelatnici se mogu odlučiti za trening hipertrofije u kojem im voditelji programa specijalističke obuke mogu pomoći u programiraju istoga.Physical preparation of emergency police officers is crucial in performing the tasks and powers prescribed by law. When testing candidates for entry into such units, there are certain tests and standards that must be met. From such tests, it can be seen that basic motor skills such as endurance, speed, strength, coordination, precision and flexibility play a major role. The goal of any training, training or exercise of emergency unit members should be that the circumstances under which they take place are more difficult than possible conditions in a real situation. This is a specific form of conditioning, which is created for the purpose of preparing officers for the tasks set, in order to increase their performance, and save lives in a conflict with an armed opponent. Long-term and purposefully programmed hypertrophy training is not included in the employee training plan. Although it is not included in the training plan, it does not mean that its importance is not recognized. For this reason, employees of the Split Police Intervention Unit at the "Mravinci" base have a gym and a hall at their disposal, where they are given 1-2 hours of time for independent training in each work shift. During that time, employees can opt for hypertrophy training in which the heads of the specialist training program can help them program it