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Development of an educational platform based on MERN
No full textU ovom završnom radu opisani su ključni pojmovi vezani za MERN stack. MERN stack je popularna tehnologija koja se sastoji od MongoDB (baza podataka), Express.js (serverski okvir), React (frontend dio) i Node.js (backend). U radu su opisane ključne funkcionalnosti edukacijske platforme, kao što su pregled kolegija, pregled lekcija, slanje poruka i pohranjivanje datoteka.In this thesis, key concepts related to the MERN stack are described. MERN stack is a popular technology consisting of MongoDB (database), Express.js (server framework), React (frontend), and Node.js (backend). The paper outlines the key functionalities of the educational platform, such as course overview, lesson review, messaging, and file storage
Comparative Analysis of the Performance of Relational and NoSQL Databases
No full textOvaj završni rad proučava i uspoređuje performanse relacijskih i NoSQL baza podataka, ukazuje na ključne razlike i potencijalne prednosti korištenja svakog tipa u specifičnim scenarijima. Testiraju se CRUD operacija je napravljano na četiri baze podataka: MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server, MongoDB, i CouchDB. Rezultati pokazuju kako MongoDB ima bolje performanse u većini testova, a prate ga relacijski sustavi MySQL i SQL Server. CouchDB se u ovim testovima pokazao najsporiji. Rad naglašava važnost odabira odgovarajuće tehnologije baze podataka na temelju specifičnih tehničkih i operativnih zahtjeva projekta, ističući kako nema jedinstvenog rješenja koje je optimalno za sve vrste aplikacija.This thesis studies and compares the performance of relational and NoSQL databases, highlighting key differences and potential advantages of using each type in specific scenarios. CRUD operations were tested on four databases: MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server, MongoDB, and CouchDB. The results show that MongoDB performs better in most tests, followed by relational systems MySQL and SQL Server. CouchDB was the slowest in these tests. The paper emphasizes the importance of selecting the appropriate database technology based on specific technical and operational requirements of the project, noting that there is no one-size-fits-all solution optimal for all types of applications
From the double helix to genetic engineering: Nobel Prizes for DNA, RNA and molecular mechanisms
No full textPutovanje od otkrića dvostruke zavojnice DNA (deoksiribonukleinska kiselina) do pojave genetičkog inženjerstva obuhvaća niz otkrića nagrađenih Nobelovom nagradom koja su u potpunosti transformirala znanost i medicinu. Razrješavanjem strukture DNA James Watson, Francis Crick i Rosalind Franklin su 1953. godine postavili temelje za razumijevanje genetičkih informacija. Naknadnim otkrićima genetičkog koda i uloge RNA u regulaciji gena, Severo Ochoa i Arthur Kornberg proširuju znanje na polju genetike i biotehnologije. Jedna od istaknutih skorijih nagrada pripada Emmanuelle Charpentier i Jennifer Doudna za otkriće CRISPR-Cas9 tehnologije iz bakterijskog obrambenog sustava, koja daje nadu za daljnji razvitak personalizirane medicine zbog svoje preciznosti i učinkovitosti pri uređenju genoma. Integracija svih molekularnih mehanizama u praktične primjene nastavit će oblikovati budućnost svijeta, pružajući nova rješenja za složene biološke izazove i poboljšanje ljudskog zdravlja.The path from the discovery of the DNA double helix (deoxyribonucleic acid) to the advent of genetic engineering includes a series of Nobel Prize-winning discoveries that have completely changed science and medicine. By decoding the structure of DNA, James Watson, Francis Crick and Rosalind Franklin laid the foundation for understanding genetic information in 1953. With their later discoveries of the genetic code and the role of RNA in gene regulation, Severo Ochoa and Arthur Kornberg expanded knowledge in the field of genetics and biotechnology. One of the most outstanding recent awards goes to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna for the discovery of CRISPR-Cas9 technology from the bacterial defense system, which offers hope for the further development of personalized medicine due to its precision and efficiency in genome editing. The integration of all molecular mechanisms into practical applications will continue to shape the future of the world, providing new solutions to complex biological challenges and improving human health
Development of .NET MAUI Application
No full textRad se bavi razvojem cross-platformskih aplikacija u .NET MAUI-u (Multi-platform App UI), posebno aplikacija za Android koristeći MVVM ili čistu arhitekturu. .NET MAUI omogućava razvoj unificiranih aplikacija za različite platforme, uključujući Android, koristeći zajedničku bazu koda i XAML za definiranje korisničkog sučelja. MVVM (Model-Pogled-Pogled modela) arhitektura odvaja poslovnu logiku od prikaza, dok povezivanje podataka i promatrani podaci (npr. ObservableCollection) osiguravaju automatsko ažuriranje UI-a pri promjenama u podacima. Ubrizgavanje ovisnosti olakšava upravljanje ovisnostima i organizaciju koda, dok SQLite služi kao lagana baza podataka za pohranu podataka unutar aplikacije. Korištenje čiste arhitekture dodatno poboljšava održivost i modularnost aplikacije, omogućujući jasnu razdiobu između slojeva sustava.This paper is concentrated on the development of cross-platform applications in .NET MAUI (Multi-platform App UI), especially Android applications using MVVM or Clean architecture. .NET MAUI enables the development of unified applications for different platforms, including Android, using a common code base and XAML to define the user interface. The MVVM (Model-ViewViewModel) architecture separates business logic from the view, while data binding and observable data (eg ObservableCollection) ensure that the UI automatically updates when the data changes. Dependency injection facilitates dependency management and code organization, while SQLite serves as a lightweight database to store data within the application. The use of a clean architecture further improves the maintainability and modularity of the application, allowing a clear separation between the layers of the system
Biological activity of quaternary ammonium compounds
No full textKvaterni amonijevi spojevi (engl. quaternary ammonium compounds, QACs) jedna su od najučinkovitijih skupina antimikrobnih reagensa korištenih tijekom posljednjeg stoljeća. Njihova visoka učinkovitost temelji se na prisutnosti pozitivno nabijenog dušikovog atoma, koji omogućuje vezanje za negativno nabijene membrane mikroorganizama. Nakon vezanja, dugi ugljikovodični lanci vezani na dušikov atom destabiliziraju membrane što dovodi do njihove destrukcije. Raznolikost ugljikovodičnih lanaca omogućuje veliku strukturnu varijabilnost, dok jednostavnost sinteze osigurava brzu proizvodnju pa tako i primjenu ovih spojeva u svakodnevnom životu i različitim industrijskim sektorima. Najčešće korišteni QACs su benzalkonijev klorid (BAC), cetrimonijev bromid (CTAB), didecildimetilamonijev klorid (DDAC) i miramistin. Zbog svoje stabilnosti i dobre topljivosti u vodi, QACs imaju tendenciju akumulacije u otpadnim i kopnenim vodama, što može imati negativne posljedice za okoliš, ekosustave i ljudsko zdravlje. Ovi spojevi odlikuju se izvanrednom biološkom aktivnošću, uključujući antibakterijska, antivirusna, antifungalna svojstva te se koriste kao herbicidi i pesticidi.Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are one of the the most effective classes of antimicrobial agents that have been used over the past century. Their high efficiency is based on the presence of a positively charged nitrogen atom, which allows binding to the negatively charged membranes of microorganisms. Upon binding, long hydrocarbon chains attached to the nitrogen atom destabilize the membranes of the microorganisms, leading to their destruction. The hydrocarbon chains enables significant structural diversity within this group od compounds, while the simplicity of their synthesis enables high production and wide application in everyday life and various industrial sectors. The most commonly used QACs are benzalkonium chloride (BAC), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC), and miramistin. Due to their stability and good solubility in water, QACs tend to accumulate in wastewater and terrestrial waters, which can have negative consequences for the environment, ecosystems, and human health. These compunds are distinguished by their remarkable biological activity, including antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties, and are also used as herbicides and perticides
Traffic education in primary school
No full textPrometna edukacija u osnovnoškolskom obrazovanju igra ključnu ulogu u razvijanju prometne kulture i sigurnosnih navika kod djece. Njihovo sudjelovanje u prometu, bilo kao pješaci, biciklisti ili putnici, često je izloženo rizicima zbog nedostatka iskustva i kognitivnih sposobnosti. Sustavna prometna edukacija omogućuje djeci da steknu osnovna znanja o prometnim pravilima, nauče prepoznavati opasnosti i pravilno reagirati u različitim situacijama. Kroz razne metode, od teorijske nastave do praktičnih vježbi i simulacija, djeca usvajaju prometna pravila na način koji im omogućava da ih primijene u svakodnevnim situacijama. Posebna pažnja posvećena je integraciji prometne edukacije u kurikulum različitih predmeta te suradnji s roditeljima, lokalnim zajednicama i institucijama kao što su policija i zdravstvene ustanove. Ova suradnja omogućuje sveobuhvatan pristup sigurnosti djece u prometu, uključujući osiguranje adekvatne prometne infrastrukture i organizaciju edukativnih događanja. Prometna edukacija pridonosi dugoročnom smanjenju broja prometnih nesreća, podizanju svijesti o odgovornom ponašanju te razvoju društvene odgovornosti kod djece, stvarajući temelje za sigurnije prometno okruženje i odgovornije društvo u budućnosti.Traffic education in primary school education plays a key role in developing traffic culture and safety habits in children. Their participation in traffic, whether as pedestrians, cyclists or passengers, is often exposed to risks due to lack of experience and cognitive abilities. Systematic traffic education enables children to acquire basic knowledge of traffic rules, learn to recognize dangers and react correctly in different situations. Through various methods, from theoretical classes to practical exercises and simulations, children learn traffic rules in a way that enables them to apply them in everyday situations. Special attention is paid to the integration of traffic education into the curriculum of various subjects and cooperation with parents, local communities and institutions such as the police and health institutions. This cooperation enables a comprehensive approach to the safety of children in traffic, including the provision of adequate traffic infrastructure and the organization of educational events. Traffic education contributes to a long-term reduction in the number of traffic accidents, raising awareness of responsible behavior and developing social responsibility in children, creating the foundations for a safer traffic environment and a more responsible society in the future
Chestnut honey - a source of kynurenic acid
No full textU ovom radu je opisan med od kestena, njegov kemijski sastav i svojstva. Med od kestena se posebno ističe visokim sadržajem kinurenske kiseline u usporedbi s ostalim izvorima poput, ribe, rajčica i drugih prehrambenih proizvoda. Nadalje, sadržaj kinurenske kiseline u medu od kestena, uspoređen je i s drugim vrstama meda. Zbog svog visokog sadržaja u medu od kestena, kinurenska kiselina može poslužiti kao kemijski marker botaničkog podrijetla meda od kestena. Kinurenska kiselina je pronađena u Castanea sativa Mill., Castanea spp., Castanea crenata Sieb vrstama meda. U radu je objašnjena biološka aktivnost kinurenske kiseline, kao i njen biološki značaj, uključujući utjecaj na živčani sustav. Opisana su i svojstva pojedinih međuprodukata kinureninskog puta.This thesis describes chestnut honey, its chemical composition and its properties. Chestnut honey is particularly characterized by its high content of kynurenic acid compared to other sources such as fish, tomatoes and other foods. Furthermore, the content of kynurenic acid in chestnut honey is compared with other types of honey. Due to its high content in chestnut honey, kynurenic acid can serve as a chemical marker of the botanical origin of chestnut honey. Kynurenic acid was found in the honey varieties Castanea sativa Mill., Castanea spp. and Castanea crenata Sieb. The thesis explains the biological activity of kynurenic acid and its biological significance, including its influence on the nervous system. The properties of certain intermediates of the kynurenine pathway are also described
Methods and Types of Prototyping in Web Application Development
No full textOvaj rad istražuje različite metode i vrste prototipiranja u procesu razvoja softverskih aplikacija, s posebnim naglaskom na prototipe niske, srednje i visoke vjernosti. Prototipiranje je ključan alat koji omogućava smanjenje rizika te omogućuje pravovremenu evaluaciju i prilagodbu dizajna prije konačne implementacije. U ciklusu od tri iteracije dizajniranja, prototipiranja i vrednovanja izrađena su tri prototipa aplikacije za iznajmljivanje stanova, koja omogućuje korisnicima pregled, oglašavanje i upravljanje oglasima za stanove. Prototip niske vjernosti izrađen je kao jednostavna skica, dok su funkcionalnosti srednje vjernosti implementirane u Figmi, a visoko vjerni prototip realiziran je pomoću alata Proto.io. Na temelju povratnih informacija koje su prikupljene tijekom testiranja, iterativno su unaprijeđeni dizajn i funkcionalnost aplikacije, što je rezultiralo završnom implementacijom aplikacije. Rad time ilustrira kako različite metode prototipiranja omogućuju optimizaciju procesa razvoja softverskih rješenja, što doprinosi poboljšanju korisničkog iskustva i smanjenju troškova razvoja.This paper explores different methods and types of prototyping in the development process of software applications, with a particular focus on low, medium, and high-fidelity prototypes. Prototyping is a key tool that reduces risks and enables timely evaluation and design adjustments before final implementation. In a cycle of three iterations of designing, prototyping, and evaluation, three prototypes of a rental application were developed, allowing users to view, post, and manage apartment listings. The low-fidelity prototype was created as a simple sketch, while the medium-fidelity functionalities were implemented in Figma, and the high-fidelity prototype was realized using Proto.io. Based on feedback collected during testing, the application's design and functionality were iteratively improved, leading to the final implementation of the application. This study illustrates how different prototyping methods optimize the software development process, contributing to an enhanced user experience and reduced development costs
Comparison of the curriculum of Technical Culture in the Republic of Croatia and Croatian general technical education in Bosnia and Herzegovina
No full textTehnička kultura igra važnu ulogu u obrazovanju učenika. Omogućuje učenicima razvoj kompetencija, znanja, vještina i sposobnosti te pomaže učenicima razumjeti i biti u korak s današnjom tehnologijom. Nastavnici za pripremu nastave koriste nastavni kurikulum Tehničke kulture u kojem se nalaze ishodi i ciljevi učenja i poučavanja. Svaka država određuje vlastiti način obrazovanja stanovništva i izrađuje kurikulume potrebne za to. Rezultat toga su različite razine znanja, vještina i sposobnosti učenika ovisno o državama. Značajan broj Hrvata živi u Bosni i Hercegovini, državi koja graniči sa Republikom Hrvatskom. Postavlja se pitanje postoji li značajna razlika između kurikuluma predmeta Tehnička kultura ovih država s obzirom da se radi o istom narodu u dvije različite države. Kako bi to otkrili istražiti ćemo kurikulume i napraviti njihovu usporedbu.Technical culture plays an important role in the education of students. It enables students to develop competencies, knowledge, skills and abilities and helps students understand and keep up with today's technology. To prepare classes, teachers use the Technical Culture curriculum, which contains the learning and teaching outcomes and goals. Each country determines its own way of educating the population and creates the curricula necessary for this. The result is different levels of knowledge, skills and abilities of students depending on the country. A significant number of Croats live in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a country bordering the Republic of Croatia. The question arises whether there is a significant difference between the curriculum of the Technical Culture subject of these countries, considering that it is about the same nation in two different countries. In order to find out, we will research the curricula and compare them
Analysis of the properties of glycerol and its aqueous solution using Molecular Dynamics
No full textGlicerol je viskozna, polarna molekula koja formira bogate mreže vodikovih veza, što značajno utječe na njegove dinamičke karakteristike. Vodena otopina glicerola koristi se u mnogim industrijskim, farmaceutskim, prehrambenim postrojenjima zahvaljujući svojim jedinstvenim kemijskim i fizikalnim svojstvima. U ovom radu analizirani su struktura i dinamika glicerola i vodena otopina glicerola s molarnim udjelom 0.5 metodom Molekularne Dinamike. Cilj nam je bio istražiti na koji način se razlikuje čisti glicerol od njegove vodene otopine. U tu svrhu smo analizirali radijalne distribucijske funkcije, autokorelacijske funkcije brzine i srednje kvadratno odstupanje.Glycerol is a viscous, polar molecule that forms extensive hydrogen bond networks, which significantly influence its dynamic characteristic. Aqueous glycerol solutions are used in many industrial, pharmaceutical and food processing applications due to their unique chemical and physical properties. In this paper, the structure and dynamics of glycerol and an aqueous glycerol solution with molar fraction of 0.5 were analyzed using Molecular Dynamics methods. Our goal was to investigate how pure glycerol differs from its aqueous solution. To achieve this, we analyzed the radial distribution functions, the velocity autocorrelation functions, and the mean square displacements