3080 research outputs found

    Teachers’ digital competencies in higher education: a systematic literature review

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    Digital competence has gained a strong prominence in the educational context, being one of the key competencies that teachers must master in today’s society. Although most models and frameworks focus on the pre‑university level, there is a growing interest in knowing the state of digital competencies of university teachers, that is, the set of knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary for a teacher to make effective use of technologies. The aim of this research is to present a systematic review of the literature in the Web of Science and Scopus, to identify, analyze and classify the published arti‑cles between 2000 and 2021 on digital competences, and thus find and improve the research being done on digital skills and future avenues of teachers in the university context. The SciMAT software is used in the analysis. The initial search reveals more than 343 articles in English, of which 152 are duplicates and 135 are not related to the topic of study. After this filtering, 56 articles are obtained and analyzed in depth. The results reveal a predominance of research that focuses on analyzing teachers’ self‑assessment and reflection of their digital competencies. Teachers recognize that they have a low or medium–low digital competence, as well as the absence of certain competencies, especially those related to the evaluation of educational practice. Despite the multiple studies that address this issue, it is necessary to continue improving research in this area, deepening the assessment of teachers’ digital competencies and design, on this basis, more practical and personalized training programs that respond to the needs of teachers in the digital era.2021-2

    El manejo de la infección por el virus del papiloma humano: resultados del ensayo clínico paloma y proyectos de investigación derivados

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    Se presentan los resultados de un ensayo de investigación que validan de forma muy significativa el uso de Papilocare ® , un gel de aplicación vaginal, para la eliminación de la presencia en el tracto genital inferior femenino del virus del papiloma humano y la regresión de las lesiones intraepiteliales de bajo grado que su infección provoca inicialmente en el cuello uterino. A partir de estos resultados, se proponen y detallan dos nuevas líneas de investigación.2021-2

    Teaching models in preuniversity Mathematics and their relation with preservice teachers ages

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    En este trabajo se aborda la formación matemática recibida en la etapa de formación preuniversitaria a través del recuerdo de los procesos de enseñanza- aprendizaje vividos de 225 estudiantes procedentes del Máster de Formación del Profesorado de Secundaria, Bachillerato y FP y del Grado de Maestro de Educación Primaria de la Universidad a Distancia de Madrid (UDIMA). Para recoger la información se ha usado un cuestionario informatizado diseñado por los autores del trabajo y validado por el Comité de Ética de la UDIMA. Los resultados revelan unos recuerdos escolares de la etapa de Primaria y Secundaria donde los modelos docentes tradicionales, basados en la repetición de procedimientos de cálculo, son mayoritarios frente a otros modelos docentes de corte activo. También se observa un aumento progresivo de la importancia de resolución de problemas complejos detectándose una influencia moderada de los cambios legislativos producidos en España en el año 2006.Observatorio de la Innovación EducativaUDIMA2022-2

    La alimentación en la Historia de la humanidad.

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    Es una obra en el que participan más de veinte autores pertenecientes a distintas universidades y centros de estudios, procedentes de diferentes especialidades y sectores, para abordar cuestiones en torno a la selección, proceso, distribución, elaboración y consumo de los alimentos desde una perspectiva diacrónica e interdisciplinar. La primera parte de la obra corresponde al apartado simbólico, a las creencias, mitos y ritos de la alimentación. En segundo lugar, la obra se detiene en la formación identitaria en el pasado, el presente y el futuro a partir de los alimentos. El trabajo culmina con un tercer apartado en el que se cuestiona el futuro inminente caracterizado por la transformación de los hábitos de consumo tradicionales de las sociedades y la ingeniería genética de los alimentos.2021-2

    Medidas de simplificación sobre procedimientos administrativos y subvenciones en el Real Decreto-Ley 36/2020 y en la normativa de las comunidades autónomas para la gestión de los Fondos NGEU.

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    Los fondos Next Generation EU, de reactivación económica para paliar los daños de la COVID-19 aprobado por los 27 Estados de la Unión Europea y dotados en principio con 750.000 millones de euros, van a permitir a las Administraciones públicas españolas realizar muy importantes inversiones en estos años, fundamentalmente a través de la colaboración público-privada. En España, las líneas directrices las ha fijado el “Plan de Recuperación, Transformación y Resiliencia de la Economía española”, inspirado en la Agenda 2030 y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de Naciones Unidas. El Real Decreto-ley 36/2020, de 30 de diciembre, por el que se aprueban medidas urgentes para la modernización de la Administración Pública y para la ejecución del Plan de Recuperación, Transformación y Resiliencia, ha previsto un conjunto de especialidades en materia de gestión administrativa, dirigido a simplificar y facilitar el desarrollo y ejecución de este Plan de Recuperación. Entre estas especialidades se encuentran destacadamente las que afectan a la contratación pública, subvenciones, convenios administrativos, proyectos estratégicos y se aplicarán sólo a las actuaciones de cualesquiera de las entidades del sector público dirigidas a la gestión y ejecución de proyectos y actuaciones que sean financiables con fondos europeos, una gran variedad de fondos europeos.2021-2

    Los códigos de conducta en el marco de integridad

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    La presente obra permite al lector conocer en profundidad la Directiva UE 2019/1937 del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 23 de octubre de 2019, relativa a la protección de las personas que informen sobre infracciones del Derecho de la Unión y su aplicación al sector público. Y ello se hace indispensable, toda vez los canales de denuncia dejarán de ser una herramienta potestativa, como elemento clave de un modelo de compliance, para convertirse en una medida preceptiva en gran parte de las entidades de los sectores público y privado. Son muchos los temas que debe abordar la norma española de transposición de la Directiva, entre ellos, la admisión de los denunciantes anónimos, las empresas y entidades obligadas a establecer cauces internos, la definición de la autoridad competente para la denuncia externa o las medidas de protección de las personas informantes. Finalmente, hay que destacar la especial atención que se presta a la garantía del derecho fundamental a la protección de datos en el diseño y la gestión de los sistemas o procedimientos de denuncia (interna y externa) que se arbitren. Así, pues, esta obra ofrece un enfoque eminentemente práctico de la materia a fin de poder dotar a las Administraciones públicas, en particular ,y al sector público, en general, de una propuesta de regulación en España. El lector se encontrará al final de cada capítulo con las ideas claves o ideas fuerzas que recogen la esencia de lo estudiado en cada uno. En definitiva, este manual recoge las claves esenciales, prácticas y de gran utilidad para la correcta implantación de los canales de denuncia en el sector púbico. Hoy, más que nunca, la gestión eficaz de los mismos, forma parte del derecho a la buena administración.2021-2

    Phytic acid as a biomass flame retardant for polyrotaxane based phase change materials

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    Petrochemical resources are facing depletion and human long-term survival needs sustainable development. In this era, it is very important to develop new sustainable phase change materials (PCMs), because it has shown great application value in the effective utilization of industrial waste heat, solar energy harvesting, and electronic heat treatment. In this work, we reported a biomass phytic acid (PA) modified polyrotaxane (PLR) as PCMs for thermal management. The tensile performances, fire safety, phase transition performances of the PCMs were investigated. It is found that all the tensile properties, char residual, and fire-safety of PLR can be enhanced remarkably by introduce of PA. Typically, the Young's modulus, yielding strength and tensile strength of the PLR were 826.7 MPa, 14.2 MPa and 14.2 MPa, respectively, and significantly increased to 1527.4 MPa, 22.1 MPa, and 24.0 MPa respectively, with the addition of 10 wt% of PA. Elongation (>783 %) for all modified PCMs was gradually increased with the increase of PA contents. Thermal analysis shows that the fire safety of PLR is significantly improved. Specifically, for the best sample PLR-PA30, the pHRR could decrease by 54.2 %, THR decreased by 34.0 %; and the LOI increased from 20.8 % to 28.2 %. The PCMs showed the perfect form stability and leakage-proof performance, enhanced thermal conductivity and outstanding cycle properties. Notably, its biomass source, and high flexibility, enhanced fire safety and completely green pathway may provide a practical way for the highly flexible and sustainable packaging of electronic devices for heat treatment.2022-2

    Regularity and profiles of solutions to a higher order Eyring–Powell fluid with Darcy–Forchheimer porosity term

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    A flow of Eyring–Powell type constitutes a remarkable area of analysis to model non-Newtonian processes in fluids. The associated diffusion term comes from the general kinetic theory of liquids and permits to account for a wider diffusivity, which is applicable for qualitatively low to higher shear stresses. The goal of the present article is to introduce a generalization of an Eyring–Powell fluid by the introduction of a porous reaction term (of Darcy–Forchheimer type) and a perturbation with a higher order operator. In particular, we consider that our model is an extension of a classical Eyring–Powell fluid in the same manner as introduced for other equations (see the extended Fisher–Kolmogorov model). The obtained equation is novel and requires analysis about existence, regularity and uniqueness of solutions. Stationary solutions are explored under the definition of a Hamiltonian. In addition, profiles of solutions are obtained with an exponential scaling that ends in a Hamilton–Jacobi equation. Eventually, some numerical assessments are introduced to validate the hypothesis done, and to discuss about the accuracy of the analytical approach followed.2022-2

    Solutions and compatibility conditions for a model describing the interaction of gases in a fuel tank

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    The fire safety is a relevant problem in aircraft fuel tanks design. One of the most suitable solutions is based on the introduction of nitrogen, through distributed nozzles, to decrease the tank flammability. This is given by the nitrogen that pulls the oxygen outboard. There exist several models and solutions to describe the interaction of gasses in a fuel tank, nonetheless it is still missing to provide the compatibility conditions required to ensure an inerted ullage. Following this idea, the intention is to provide new results about the required conditions to ensure that the vented convection, given by the fuel tank venting system, does not impact the propagation of the nitrogen to construct an inerted airspace. We introduce some new flat solutions that complement those already existing in the literature. The flat solutions can be used to assess the time required to get an inerted fuel tank configuration in a direct way, representing a simplification on the calculation of the time-to-inert compared to that existing in the current literature. The analytical approaches are validated with real data extracted from a flight test campaign in an Airbus A320. We highlight that the obtained results fit quite exactly with the flight test data.2022-2

    E-Health Treatments for Dual Disorders on Pregnancy

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    Introduction Dual pathology during pregnancy, described as the co-occurrence of substance use and mental health problems, is one of the leading preventable causes of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity; however, effective and accessible treatments are lacking. Objectives As part of the WOMAP(Woman Mental Health and Addictions on Pregnancy) initiative, our study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an e-health-based psychotherapeutic program compared to enhanced usual care. Methods This effectiveness randomized clinical trial was conducted between 2016-2020 in 5 hospitals in the Madrid(Spain) metropolitan area. 2014 pregnant women under 26 weeks of pregnancy were screened. Eligible participants(n=120) were those who screened positive for co-occurring symptoms(AC-OK screener) and were not receiving specialized behavioral treatment. Participants were assessed in depth at baseline, 2,4,8 and 12 months(PHQ-9;GAD-7;PCL-5;AUDIT;DAST;Fagerström) and randomized to the usual care control group(n=38) or to two groups of a 10-session pregnancy-adapted psychotherapeutic program, one delivered by App/internet(n=41) and one by telephone(n=41). Intent-to-treat analyses assessed effectiveness. Results Statistically significant effects of the intervention were found for mental health symptoms in the telephone group as compared to the control and App/internet groups, with an improvement effect starting earlier(2 months) and lasting longer(figures 1-3). Regarding substance use, due to the lack of other substances consumption, only smoking and alcohol cessation rates were analyzed. Patients in the App/internet and telephone groups discontinued significantly more, earlier and for a longer period compared to the control group(figures 4-5). Conclusions E-health psychotherapeutic programs could benefit pregnant women with dual disorders. An App/internet implementation could only be useful if focused solely on substances.2021-2

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