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DATA COLLECTION USING SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR (SAR)
No full textOvaj rad istražuje principe, tehnologije i primjene radara sa sintetičkom aperturom (SAR). Počevši od povijesti razvoja SAR-a i njegove sposobnosti prodiranja kroz oblake, analiziraju se različiti načini snimanja, uključujući skeniranje (scan), traku (strip) i točku (spot). Objašnjavaju se osnovne funkcionalnosti i matematičke jednadžbe koje definiraju prostornu razlučivost SAR senzora te način na koji se podaci generiraju i obrađuju. Poseban naglasak stavljen je na kompleksne slike koje sadrže i amplitudu i fazu te na njihove specifične primjene poput interferometrije (InSAR), koja omogućuje precizna mjerenja deformacija površine tla. Kroz analizu različitih formata i metoda obrade SAR podataka, istaknuta je važnost SAR-a u daljinskom istraživanju i njegov potencijal za daljnje poboljšanje i primjenu u različitim područjima.This paper explores the principles, technologies, and applications of synthetic aperture radar (SAR). Starting from the history of SAR development and its ability to penetrate clouds, it examines various imaging modes, including scan, strip, and spot. The basic functionalities and mathematical equations that define the spatial resolution of SAR sensors, as well as how data is generated and processed, are explained. Special emphasis is placed on complex images that contain both amplitude and phase, and their specific applications, such as interferometry (InSAR), which enables precise measurements of surface deformations. Through the analysis of various formats and methods for SAR data processing, the paper highlights the importance of SAR in remote sensing and its potential for further improvement and application in various fields
"The impact of hemodialysis on the quality of life of patients threated in Dubrovnik-Neretva County"
No full textHemodijaliza je metoda odstranjivanja otpadnih tvari iz krvi, kao što su kalij i urea, ali i viška vode u slučaju zatajenja bubrega. Hemodijaliza je najčešći oblik liječenja pacijenata s konačnim zatajenjem bubrega. Dosadašnje studije su dokazale da kvaliteta života znatno utječe na mjeru ishoda samog liječenja. Sama terapijska zahtjevnost utječe na dnevnu rutinu pacijenata, te je sigurno i kvaliteta života promijenjena u odnosu na zdravu populaciju.
Cilj rada je utvrditi utječe li hemodijaliza na kvalitetu života te ishode lijeĉenja. Ima li spol utjecaja na prihvaćanje zdravstvenih preporuka, te istražiti postoje li razlike u kvaliteti života pacijenata na hemodijalizi u odnosu na zdravu populaciju.
Prema cilju istraživanja , postavljene su tri hipoteze:
Hipoteza 1: Odlazak na hemodijalizu utječe na kvalitetu života u svakodnevnom životu.
Hipoteza 2: Spol ne utječe na mišljenje o zdravlju nakon promijenjenih zdravstvenih prilika.
Hipoteza 3: Postoje razlike u kvaliteti žvota pacijenata na hemodijalizi u odnosu na zdravu populaciju.
Ispitanici i metode: Za dobivanje podataka koristit će se strukturirani upitnik demografskih podataka i upitnik zdravstvenog statusa i kvalitete života SF-26. (Ware i sur., 1993; 2000.). Podaci su prikupljeni kvalitativnom promatračkom studijom presjeka.
Upitnikom će se istražiti osam različitih područja usmjerenih na psihičko i fizičko zdravlje. Ispitanici su pacijenti koji se dijaliziraju u Općoj bolnici Dubrovnik te pri Domu zdravlja Metković i Domu zdravlja Korčula. Istražvani uzorak bilo bi 40-ak pacijenata koji se liječe na hemodijalizi. Za komparaciju života bi se slučajnim odabirom izabrao jednak uzorak osoba iz zdrave populacije. U izradi ovog rada koristili smo deskriptivnu statistiku, a za dokazivanje statistički značajne razlike koristili smo t-test, ANOVA test, te testove normalnosti (Kolmogorov-Smirnov i Shapiro-Wilk).
Rezultati: ne pokazuju statistički značajnu povezanost između lokacije ispitanika i razine fizički napornih aktivnosti. Asimptotske znaĉajnosti p> 0.05, ne dokazuje statistiĉke znaĉajnosti. Dok hipoteza koja se odnosi na kvalitetu ţivota osoba na hemodijalizi u odnosu na zdravu populaciju je p< 0.05, što dokazuje razlike u kvaliteti života između ove dvije istraživane skupine. Istraživanje je pokazalo statistički značajne razlike u kvaliteti života pacijenata na hemodijalizi u
usporedbi sa zdravom populacijom, posebno u dimenzijama osjećaja vitalnosti i socijalnog funkcioniranja. Rezultati ukazuju da pacijenti na hemodijalizi doživljavaju razlike u kvaliteti života u odnosu na opću populaciju, što dokazuje na potrebu prilagođenih intervencija u svrhu poboljšanja kvalitete života.Hemodialysis is a method of removing waste products from the blood, such as potassium and urea, as well as excess water in cases of kidney failure. Previous studies have demonstrated that quality of life significantly affects the outcomes of the treatment itself. The demanding nature of the therapy impacts the patient's daily routine, and it is certain that their quality of life differs from that of the healthy population.
The aim of the work is to determine the impact of quality of life on the same treatment outcomes. Have gender influence on the acceptance of health recommendations, and investigate whether there are differences in the quality of life of hemodialysis patients compared to the healthy population.
According to the aim of the research, three hypotheses were set:
Hypothesis 1. Quality of life affects the very outcomes of treatment.
Hypothesis 2. Acceptance of health recommendations does not differ with respect to the respondents' gender
Hypothesis 3. There are statistically significant differences in the quality of life of hemodialysis patients compared to the healthy population.
Subjects and Methods: A structured demographic data questionnaire and the SF-26 health status and quality of life questionnaire will be used to obtain data. (Ware et al., 1993; 2000). The data were collected through a qualitative cross-sectional observational study.
The questionnaire covers eight different areas focused on mental and physical health. The subjects will be patients undergoing dialysis at the General Hospital Dubrovnik, and at the Health Centers in Metković and Korĉula. The sample will consist of approximately 40 patients receiving hemodialysis. To compare with the healthy population, a matching sample will be randomly selected from healthy individuals. Descriptive statistics will be used in this study, and statistical significance will be tested using t-tests, ANOVA tests, and normality tests (Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk).
Results: The results do not show a statistically significant relationship between the location of the subjects and the level of physical activity. Asymptotic significance (p > 0.05) does not indicate
statistical significance. However, the hypothesis concerning the quality of life for dialysis patients compared to the healthy population showed p < 0.05, demonstrating differences in quality of life between these two groups. The study revealed statistically significant differences in the quality of life of dialysis patients compared to the healthy population, particularly in the dimensions of vitality and social functioning. These results indicate that dialysis patients experience differences in quality of life compared to the general population, highlighting the need for tailored interventions to improve their quality of life
Cyber Security
No full textPredmet ovog diplomskog rada je kibernetička sigurnost. Kibernetička sigurnost označava obranu i zaštitu postupaka, tehnologija, IT sustava, mreža, uređaja i podataka. Krajnji cilj je stvoriti zaštitu oko digitalnih sustava kako bi se osigurala povjerljivost, cjelovitost i dostupnost informacija i poslovanja tvrtki. Kibernetička sigurnost u prvome planu ima zadatak smanjiti rizik kibernetičkih napada, zaštititi od neovlaštenog iskorištavanja sustava, mreža i tehnologija. Sigurnosni modeli uspoređuju se na izravan i neizravan način. U neizravnom načinu dodijeljeni su jednom ili više modela klasifikacijske sheme. Putem izravnog načina se svojstva i aspekti sigurnosnih modela razmatraju na temelju odabranih kriterija.The subject of this thesis is cyber security. Cyber security means the defence and protection of procedures, technologies, IT systems, networks, devices and data. The goal is to create protection around digital systems to ensure the credibility, integrity and availability of information and business operations. Cybersecurity primarily has the task of reducing the risk of cyberattacks, protecting against unauthorized use of systems, networks and technology. Security models are compared in a direct and indirect way. In indirect mode, one or more classification scheme models are assigned. Through the direct method, properties and aspects of security models are considered based on selected criteria
Female commoners in the Republic of Dubrovnik
No full textU srednjovjekovnom Dubrovniku idealna žena trebala je imati određene vrline koje su
omogućavale skladan život unutar obitelji. Život im je bio uvjetovan staleškom pripadnošću i
ulogom u obitelji. Žene iz viših slojeva rijetko su sudjelovale u javnom životu, dok su pučanke
često radile kako bi pomogle svojim obiteljima, unatoč predrasudama i ograničenjima koje su
doživljavale. Sklapanje braka na području Dubrovačke Republike bilo je od velike važnosti, često
i presudno za ženu. Djevojke i djevojčice su bile zaručivane već u ranom djetinjstvu, a miraz je
bio ključni element braka. Njime se osiguravala sigurna udaja te poštivanje dogovora između dvije
obitelji.Javno djelovanje žena bilo je ograničeno mnogim čimbenicima, no neke žene su uspjele
pronaći svoje mjesto u trgovini, zanatima i drugim poslovima. Židovke su imale specifičan status,
često su se bavile trgovinom i novčarstvom. Prostitucija je bila prisutna, ali ju je dubrovačka vlast
tolerirala pod određenim uvjetima. Zanimanja pučanki odražavala su društvene i ekonomske
uvjete srednjovjekovnog društva, gdje su žene često bile suočene s ograničenjima, ali su uspijevale
doprinositi svojoj zajednici. Najčešća zanimanja uključivala su dojilje, primalje, krčmarice,
sluškinje, tržnice,pralje, krojačice, brodarice, itd. Svako zanimanje imalo je specifičnu ulogu i
doprinosilo u svakodnevnom životu Republike. Premda je njihov rad često bio je podcijenjen i
naporan, ipak je u velikoj mjeri bio i neophodan za funkcioniranje šire zajednice. Unatoč brojnim
preprekama pučanke su bile sastavni dio ekonomskog života Dubrovnika, prilagođavajući se i
pronalazeći načine za rad i opstanak. Njihov doprinos zajednici ostavio je značajan trag u povijesti
Dubrovnika te svjedoči o snazi i upornosti pučanki kroz stoljeća.In medieval Dubrovnik, the ideal woman was supposed to have certain virtues that enabled a
harmonious life within the family. Their life was conditioned by class affiliation and role in the
family. Women from the upper classes rarely participated in public life, while commoners often
worked to help their families, despite the prejudices and restrictions they experienced. Getting
married in the Republic of Dubrovnik was of great importance, often crucial for a woman. Girls
were betrothed in early childhood, and dowry was a key element of marriage. It ensured a safe
marriage and compliance with the agreement between the two families. Women's public activity
was limited by many factors, but some women managed to find their place in trade, crafts and
other jobs. Jewish women had a specific status, they were often involved in trade and money
making. Prostitution was present, but the Dubrovnik government tolerated it under certain
conditions. The occupations of commoners reflected the social and economic conditions of
medieval society, where women often faced restrictions but managed to contribute to their
community. The most common occupations included nurses, midwives, innkeepers, maids, market
maids, laundresses, seamstresses, shipwrights, etc. Each occupation had a specific role and
contributed to the daily life of the Republic. Although their work was often undervalued and tiring,
it was still largely necessary for the functioning of the wider community. Despite numerous
obstacles, commoners were an integral part of the economic life of Dubrovnik, adapting and
finding ways to work and survive. Their contribution to the community left a significant mark in
the history of Dubrovnik and testifies to the strength and perseverance of commoner women
throughout the centuries
SIRE 2.0 programme
No full textU ovom diplomskom radu analiziran je SIRE 2.0 inspekcijski program brodova. SIRE (engl. Ship Inspection Report Programme) je program koji je razvio MeĊunarodni pomorski forum naftnih kompanija (engl. Oil Companies International Marine Forum – OCIMF) kako bi se osigurala visoka razina sigurnosti i odrţavanja na tankerima i ostalim brodovima. SIRE 2.0 predstavlja napredniju verziju ovog programa, uvodeći nove standarde i tehnologije za inspekcije. U radu su analizirani ciljevi i prednosti SIRE 2.0 inspekcija, prikazan je proces inspekcijskog nadzora i njegov utjecaj na sigurnost i odrţavanje brodova.The Ship Inspection Report Programme 2.0 (SIRE 2.0) was analyzed in this thesis. SIRE is a program developed by the Oil Companies International Marine Forum (OCIMF) to ensure a high level of safety and maintenance on tankers and other ships carrying hydrocarbons. SIRE 2.0 represents a more advanced version of this program, introducing new standards and technologies for inspections. The paper analyzes the goals and advantages of SIRE 2.0 inspections, presents the inspection process and its impact on the safety and maintenance of ships
Transportation of liquified gas by sea
No full textU ovom završnom radu obuhvaćena je tema prijevoza ukapljenih plinova sa naglaskom na
njihovu prisutnost u pomorskoj industriji. Na samom početku definirani su osnovni pojmovi i
značajke koje su usko povezane za ukapljene plinove. Potom su, kao dva ključna plina,
izdvojeni i opisani ukapljeni prirodni plin (UPP) (engl. liquefied natural gas – LNG) i
ukapljeni naftni plin (engl. liquefied petroleum gas – LPG). Budući da se morem prevoze u
ukapljenom stanju, opisan je način transporta i oprema koja je potrebna za rukovanje kao što
su cjevovodi, ventili, pumpe, kompresori te ostala oprema. Također su opisani lučki terminali
na kojima se odvijaju operacije ukrcaja i iskrcaja ukapljenih plinova. Za kraj su nabrojeni
pozitivni i negativni ekološki aspekti ukapljenih plinova.This final paper covers the topic of liquefied gas transportation with an emphasis on their
presence in the maritime industry. At the very beginning, the basic terms and features that are
closely related to liquefied gases are defined. Then, as two key gases, liquefied natural gas
(LNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) were singled out and described. Since they are
transported by sea in a liquefied state, the method of transport and related shipboard handling
equipment such as pipelines, valves, pumps, compressors and other equipment are described.
Port terminals where loading and unloading of liquefied gases take place are also described.
Finally, positive and negative environmental aspects of liquefied gases are listed
The use of Instagram as PR tool in the pre-election campaign of the Office of the European parliament in the Republic of Croatia in 2024
No full textOvaj diplomski rad istražuje učinkovitost korištenja društvenih mreža, s posebnim naglaskom na Instagram, kao alata odnosa s javnostima te učinkovitost platforme Instagram kao komunikacijskog kanala za informiranje mladih o političkim temama. Analizirana je komunikacija Ureda Europskog parlamenta u Hrvatskoj na Instagramu za vrijeme trajanja predizborne kampanje za europske izbore. Anketnim upitnikom istraženo je u kolikoj mjeri se Instagram koristi kao izvor vijesti, konzumiraju li korisnici sadržaje političkih narativa te je li konzumiran sadržaj o europskim izborima na Instagramu pridonio boljoj informiranosti i znanju ispitanika. Istraženo je da mladi koriste Instagram kao izvor vijesti, no kada su u pitanju političke teme o kojima ne raspolažu s dovoljno informacija, više vjeruju tradicionalnim medijima. Zaključci istraživanja nisu dokazali da je Instagram učinkovit komunikacijski kanal za informiranje mladih o političkim temama. Na temelju provedenog istraživanja predloženi su naputci za poboljšanje kako medijske tako i političke pismenosti kod mladih te preporuke za buduća istraživanja na temu korištenja Instagrama kao i učinkovitosti Instagrama kao izvora vijesti političkih tema
VR on the example of Red Bull
No full textOvaj diplomski rad istražuje primjenu virtualne stvarnosti (VR) u marketinškim strategijama brenda Red Bull, s posebnim naglaskom na utjecaj VR tehnologije na korisničko iskustvo i percepciju brenda. Fokus je stavljen na analizu nekoliko ključnih primjera, uključujući Red Bull Cliff Diving VR iskustvo i Red Bull Air Race VR Experience, kako bi se prikazalo kako VR tehnologija omogućava stvaranje uranjajućih, interaktivnih i emocionalno povezujućih iskustava za korisnike. Primjena VR tehnologije pokazuje značajan pozitivan utjecaj na percepciju brenda Red Bull, povećanje angažmana korisnika te njihovu spremnost za dijeljenje VR iskustava putem društvenih mreža. Virtualna stvarnost omogućava korisnicima da se osjećaju kao aktivni sudionici u ekstremnim sportovima i događajima, što rezultira dubljom emocionalnom povezanošću s brendom i jačanjem njegove prepoznatljivosti. Rad potvrđuje da je integracija VR tehnologije u marketinške strategije Red Bulla uspješna u stvaranju inovativnih i impresivnih iskustava koja značajno doprinose jačanju brenda na globalnom tržištu. Ovi nalazi pružaju vrijedne uvide za daljnji razvoj VR tehnologije u marketinškim kampanjama i mogu poslužiti kao smjernice za druge brendove koji teže implementaciji sličnih tehnoloških inovacija.This thesis investigates the application of virtual reality (VR) in the marketing strategies of the Red Bull brand, with a special emphasis on the analysis of the impact of VR technology on user experience and brand perception. Through a detailed analysis of several key examples, including the Red Bull Cliff Diving VR Experience and the Red Bull Air Race VR Experience, the paper explores how VR technology enables the creation of immersive, interactive and emotionally connecting experiences for users. The work consists of several chapters that include the theoretical framework of VR technology, the historical development of VR in the marketing context, concrete applications of VR in Red Bull's campaigns and the analysis of the impact of those campaigns on users. Special emphasis is placed on researching how VR technology increases user engagement, encourages emotional connection with the brand, and enables education and interactive participation in events. As part of the research, hypotheses were formulated that were tested through qualitative and quantitative methods, including user surveys and analysis of data collected from VR experiences. The research results indicate a significant positive impact of VR technology on the perception of the Red Bull brand, increasing user engagement and their willingness to share VR experiences via social networks
"Procedural pain during diagnostic and treatment from the patient's perspective"
No full textUvod: Proceduralna bol je neugodna akutna bol vezana uz brojne dijagnostičke (uzorkovanje krvi u laboratorijskoj dijagnostici, kolonskopija, gastroskopija) i intervencijske postupke (npr. prijevoji kirurških rana i opeklina, vađenje šavova, uzorkovanje acido-baznog statusa), kao i invazivne metode praćenja i liječenja bolesnika (npr. uspostava venskog puta, uvođenje urinarnog katetera, nazogastrične sonde, centralnog venskog i hemodijaliznog katetera i sl.). Ovisno o bolnosti samog postupka, intenzitet proceduralne boli može biti od blage i podnošljive, do jake i neugodne boli koju bolesnici pamte kao izrazito neugodno iskustvo. U bolesnika je redovito praćena prikrivenim strahom koji može rezultirati u njegovoj djelomičnoj ili potpunoj nesuradljivosti. Zbog toga se, u suvremenoj kliničkoj praksi, proceduralna bol nastoji izbjeći pravovremenom pripremom bolesnika uz primjenu premedikacije (tj. anksiolitika) i/ili pre-emptivne analgezije (tj. analgetika). U literaturi postoje podvojena mišljenja o rutinskoj prevenciji proceduralne boli, osobito za kratkotrajne postupke. Međutim, manje je poznata učestalost pozitivnih i negativnih iskustva samih bolesnika nakon bolnih procedura u svakodnevnoj kliničkoj praksi.
Svrha i ciljevi istraživanja: Utvrditi učestalost pozitivnih i negativnih iskustava ispitanika nakon najučestalijih bolnih postupaka u svakodnevnoj kliničkoj praksi, a sa svrhom uvida u opravdanost rutinske prevencije proceduralne boli.
Ispitanici: Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno 150 odraslih ispitanika, oba spola, različite životne dobi i zanimanja, nakon iskustva s jednim od bolnih postupaka u svakodnevnoj kliničkoj praksi. Ispitanici su bili podijeljeni u dvije skupine: ispitivanu Skupinu P (sa prethodnim iskustvom proceduralne boli) i kontrolnu Skupinu BP (bez iskustva sa proceduralnom boli).
Metode istraživanja: Svi ispitanici su skalom od 1-5 ocijenili svoju osjetljivost na bol, a NMR skalom od 1-10 doživljeni intenzitet proceduralne boli. Također su se izjasnili o nelagodi i strahu te konačnom pozitivnom ili negativnom iskustvu s proceduralnom boli. Podatci su prikupljeni anonimnim anketnim upitnikom https://docs.google.com/forms/u/0/. Prikupljeni podatci su statistički obrađeni. Kvantitativni rezultati su prikazani kroz srednju vrijednost i standardnu devijaciju, a kvalitativni kao učestalost u postotku. Rezultati između ispitivane i kontrolne skupine prikazani su u tablicama. Značajna razlika po usporedbi rezultata prihvaćena je uz vrijednost P<0.05.
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Rezultati rada: Ispitanici sa iskustvom (P) i bez iskustva (BP) sa proceduralnom boli bili su komparabilni po spolu, dobi i obrazovanju. Ispitanici koji su već iskusili proceduralnu bol najčešće su je vezali uz bolničke uvjete liječenja (58%) i doživjeli je signifikanto učestalije u odnosu na bolesnike bez iskustva (58%P vs 39%BP)(P=0.00211) koji su bole procedure većinskim dijelom vezali uz hitni bolnički prijem (43%). Između dijagnostičkih postupaka, ispitanici su u obje skupine podjednako smatrali endoskopske zahvate (gastroskopija/kolonoskopija) najbolnijom i najneugodnijom proceduralnom boli (64%P vs 60%BP). Najbolnijim intervencijskim postupkom su svi ispitanici smatrali namještanje ulomaka (36%P vs 37%BP) i šivanje rane i/ili vađenje šavova (30%P vs 28BP%), a kao najbolniju metodu liječenja uvođenje urinarnog katetera (42%P) i nazogastrične sonde (34%BP). Svi ispitanici su potvrdili da objašnjenje postupka od strane medicinskog osoblja (93%P vs 82%BP) te strpljenje i ljubaznost (99%P vs 91%BP) uvelike utječu na smanjenje učestalosti očekivanog i doživljenog bolnog postupka. Bolesnici koji su iskusili proceduralnu bol smatraju uz statističku signifikantnost da je individualna prilagodba na reakciji bolesnika (35%P vs susretljivo osoblje 28%, primjena analgo-sedacije 19%, informiranje o postupku 18%; P=0.00158) najviše doprinijela ublažavanju doživljaja proceduralne boli. Za ispitanike bez iskustva u tome je susretljivo osoblje bez užurbanosti (42%) odigralo presudnu ulogu (P<0.0001.
Zaključak: Svaka druga (58%P) ili treća odrasla osoba (39%BP) se suočava sa proceduralnom boli tijekom dijagnostike, intervencije ili lijeĉenja. Bolesnici sa ranijim iskustvom proceduralne boli imali su veći strah kod ponavljajućih postupaka (48%) u odnosu na osobe koje nisu imale to iskustvo (40%). Sama primjena analgo-sedacije (19%P vs 12%BP) je tek u niskom postotku doprinijela ublažavanju ove boli u svih ispitanika u odnosu na individualni pristup, susretljivost osoblja i pravovremenu informiranost o samom postupku.Introduction: Procedural pain is unpleasant acute pain associated with numerous diagnostic (blood sampling in laboratory diagnostics, colonoscopy, gastroscopy) and interventional procedures (e.g. dressings of surgical wounds and burns, removal of sutures, sampling of acid-base status), as well as invasive monitoring methods and treatment of patients (eg establishment of venous access, introduction of urinary catheter, nasogastric tube, central venous and hemodialysis catheter, etc.). Depending on the pain of the procedure itself, the intensity of procedural pain can range from mild and tolerable to strong and unpleasant pain that patients remember as an extremely unpleasant experience. In the patient, it is regularly accompanied by hidden fear, which can result in his partial or complete non-cooperation. This is why, in modern clinical practice, procedural pain is avoided by timely patient preparation with the use of premedication (ie anxiolytics) and/or preemptive analgesia (ie analgesics). There are divided opinions in the literature about the routine prevention of procedural pain, especially for short-term procedures. However, the frequency of positive and negative experiences of patients themselves after painful procedures in daily clinical practice is less known.
The aim of the research was to determine the frequency of positive and negative experiences of subjects after the most frequent painful procedures in daily clinical practice, with the purpose of insight into the justification of routine prevention of procedural pain.
Subjects: The research included 150 adult subjects, of both sexes, of different ages and occupations, after experience with one of the painful procedures in daily clinical practice. The subjects were divided into all groups: the tested Group P (patients with the experience of procedural pain) and the control Group BP (without the experience of procedural pain).
Methods: All subjects evaluated their sensitivity to pain on a scale of 1-5, and the intensity of procedural pain experienced on an NMR scale of 1-10. They also reported discomfort and fear and the final positive or negative experience with procedural pain. Dana were collected by anonymous questionnaire (https://docs.google.com/forms/u/0/.). The collected data were statistically processed. Quantitative results are presented through mean value and standard deviation, and qualitative results as frequency in percentage. The results between the tested and control groups are shown in the tables. A significant difference after comparing the results was accepted with a value of P<0.05.
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Results: Subjects with experience (P) and no experience (BP) with procedural pain were comparable in terms of gender, age and education. Respondents who had already experienced procedural pain most often associated it with hospital conditions of treatment (58%) and experienced it significantly more often compared to patients without experience (58%P vs 39%BP)(P=0.00211) who mostly experienced procedural pain associated with emergency hospital admission (43%). Among the diagnostic procedures, the respondents in both groups equally considered endoscopic procedures (gastroscopy/colonoscopy) to be the most painful and most unpleasant procedural pain (64%P vs 60%BP). The most painful intervention procedure was considered by all respondents to be the fixation of fragments (36%P vs 37%BP) and suturing of the wound and/or removal of sutures (30%P vs 28BP%), and the most painful method of treatment was the introduction of a urinary catheter (42%P) and nasogastric probe (34%BP). All respondents confirmed that the explanation of the procedure by the medical staff (93%P vs 82%BP) and patience and kindness (99%P vs 91%BP) greatly influence the reduction of the frequency of the expected and experienced painful procedure. Patients who have experienced procedural pain believe, with statistical significance, that individual adaptation to the patient's reaction (35%P vs friendly staff 28%, application of analgo-sedation 19%, information about the procedure 18%; P=0.00158) contributed the most to alleviating the experience of procedural pain . For respondents with no experience in this, accommodating staff without hurry (42%) played a crucial role (P<0.0001).
Conclusion: Every second (58%P) or third adult (39%PB) faces procedural pain during diagnosis, intervention or treatment. Patients with previous experience of procedural pain had a greater fear of repeated procedures (48%) compared to people who did not have this experience (40%). The application of analgo-sedation alone (19%P vs 12%BP) contributed only to a low percentage to the alleviation of this pain in all subjects compared to the individual approach, the friendliness of the staff and timely information about the procedure itself
"Retirement and leisure - The importance of active aging for maintaining the health and well-being of older people"
No full textUmirovljenje predstavlja posebnu fazu koja nosi sa sobom jedinstvene izazove,
posebno u smislu slobodnog vremena. Ova faza uključuje prelazak iz razdoblja aktivnog
rada u razdoblje pasivnosti. Slobodno vrijeme može se promatrati kao društveni fenomen
koji utječe na gotovo sve aspekte društvenog života Slobodno vrijeme koje se javlja u
razdoblju nakon umirovljenja svaka osoba doživljava na individualan način. Tijekom
umirovljenja ljudi često imaju puno više slobodnog vremena, nego što su ga imali kada
su bili radno aktivni. Takve okolnosti umirovljenike suočavaju s brojnim izazovima.
Aktivno provođenje slobodno vremena pokazalo se bitno korisnijim u odnosu na pasivno
provođenje slobodnog vremena. Negativan način doživljavanja slobodnog vremena vodi
u još veću neaktivnost i narušavanje općeg stanja, kao i perspektive starenja.
Cilj ovog rada bio je ispitati percepciju slobodnog vremena nakon umirovljenja, načine
provođenja tog vremena, te njegovu važnost za različita područja života. Razdoblje nakon
umirovljenja predstavlja značajnu tranziciju u životu pojedinca, koja donosi promjene u
svakodnevnim aktivnostima i načinima provođenja vremena. Stoga je važno razumjeti
kako umirovljenici percipiraju svoje slobodno vrijeme i kako ga koriste, kao i koje aspekte
života smatraju najvažnijima u tom kontekstu.
Istraživanje je provedeno korištenjem kvantitativne metodologije. Podaci su prikupljeni
pomoću strukturiranog upitnika demografskih podataka i dva upitnika temeljena na
samoprocjeni. Uzorak istraživanja činilo je 100 stanovnika grada Dubrovnika, oba spola,
starijih od 65 godina. Najviše ispitanika je u dobnoj skupini 65-74 godine, a s obzirom na
obrazovanje većina ispitanika je s osnovnom školom ili višom stručnom spremom.
Istraživanje je pokazalo razlike u načinu provođenja slobodnog vremena s obzirom na
spol, dob, obrazovanje i bračni status.
Aktivnosti u slobodno vrijeme mogu pomoći u održavanju mentalnog i fizičkog zdravlja,
te prevladavanju izazova povezanih s umirovljenjem. Razumijevanje ovih aspekata
pomaže u razvoju programa za podršku starijim osobama.Retirement is a special phase that brings unique challenges, especially in terms of
leisure activities. This phase involves the transition from a period of active work to a period
of passivity. Free time can be seen as a social phenomenon that affects almost all aspects
of social life. The free time that arises in the post-retirement period is experienced by each
person in an individual way. During retirement, people often have much more free time
than when they were working. This poses many challenges for retirees. It has been shown
that active leisure time is much more useful than passive leisure time. A negative way of
experiencing leisure time leads to even more inactivity and a deterioration of the general
condition and perspective of aging.
The aim of this paper was to investigate the perception of free time after retirement, the
way this time is spent and its importance for different areas of life. The post-retirement
period represents a significant transition in a person's life, involving changes in daily
activities and the way time is spent. It is therefore important to understand how retirees
perceive and use their free time and which aspects of life are considered particularly
important in this context.
The research was conducted using a quantitative methodology. The data was collected
using a structured demographic questionnaire and two self-assessment questionnaires.
The research sample consisted of 100 inhabitants of the city of Dubrovnik of both sexes,
over 65 years of age. Most of the respondents are in the 65-74 age group, and in terms
of education, the majority of respondents have primary or higher vocational education.
The study revealed differences in the type of leisure activities in terms of gender, age,
education and marital status.
Leisure activities can help maintain mental and physical health and cope with the
challenges associated with retirement. Understanding these aspects helps in the
development of programs to support older people