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Attack of the Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina on Croatian Defence Council of Konjic and Jablanica in March and April in 1993
No full textUsporedno s raspadom Jugoslavije, u Bosni i Hercegovini (BiH) dolazi do političkih promjena gdje vladajuća komunistička struktura gubi vlast. Vlast nakon prvih demokratskih izbora 1990. zajednički preuzimaju nacionalne stranke Hrvata, Muslimana i Srba. Međutim, uskoro na vidjelo izbijaju različiti stavovi triju naroda po pitanju budućnosti BiH.
Nepremostive razlike 1992. rezultiraju ratom na području BiH na početku kojega se Hrvati i Muslimani zajednički odupiru agresiji Jugoslavenske narodne armije (JNA) i bosanskohercegovačkim Srbima.
Način takvoga zajedničkog otpora bio je vidljiv i na području Konjica i Jablanice.
Opasnost od srpskih napada postala je tako glavna poveznica hrvatsko – muslimanske suradnje na tom području. Međutim, vrlo brzo nakon otklanjanja prvih većih opasnosti, između Hrvata i Muslimana na tom području došlo je do porasta napetosti koja se manifestirala kroz različite političke i vojne incidente u ostatku 1992. godine.
Usporedno s donošenjem Vance – Owenovog mirovnog plana i sukobima Armije Republike Bosne i Hercegovine (Armija BiH) i Hrvatskog vijeća obrane (HVO) u Gornjem Vakufu i središnjoj Bosni početkom 1993., stanje na području Konjica i Jablanice dodatno je zaoštreno. Izgledno je kako je muslimansko vojno i političko rukovodstvo upravo u tim prvim mjesecima 1993. donijelo odluku za sukob s Hrvatima i HVO-om na području Konjica i Jabalnice. U tu svrhu tijekom ožujka 1993. provedena je i smjena lokalnog legalno izabranog političkog vodstva. Naime, procjena čelništva muslimanske strane bila je kako postojeće političko vodstvo u tim mjestima nema namjeru poduprijeti vojnu opciju rješavanja problema s Hrvatima. Stoga je na njihovo mjesto oktroiran Safet Ćibo koji je u svojstvu zajedničkog predsjednika lokalnih političkih struktura u Konjicu i Jablanici trebao omogućiti provedbu vojnih planova na tom prostoru. To je bio uvod u napad Armije BiH na HVO Konjica i Jablanice koji je uslijedio 23. ožujka 1993. godine. Sukobi su nakon dogovora o prekidu vatre obustavljeni 25. ožujka 1993., međutim, Armija BiH je navedeno iskoristila za regrupiranje svojih snaga nakon čega je uslijedio nastavak napada na HVO Konjica i Jablanice 14. travnja 1993. godine. U borbama koje su uslijedile do kraja travnja 1993., brojčano nadmoćnija Armija BiH je postigla većinu svojih ciljeva, dok se HVO uspio održati na području manjeg broja sela.
Armija BiH je pritom u značajnoj mjeri sprovela etničko čišćenje hrvatskog stanovništva s područja Konjica i Jablanice.At the same time Yugoslavia was falling apart, political changes occured in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) led to communist leadership lose their power. After first democratic elections in 1990, new joint goverment was formed by national political parties of Croats, Muslims and Serbs. However, different stands between three nations towards the future of BiH soon came to the surface. Insuperable differences led to war in BiH 1992 where at the beginning Croats and Muslims mainly fought together against aggression of Yugoslav Peoples Army (YPA) and Bosnian and Herzegovinian Serbs.
Same situation was in the area of Konjic and Jablanica. Threat of Serbian attacks on that area became main reason for Croat – Muslim alliance, therefore, after threat of Serbian attacks decreased, relations between Croats and Muslims started to crumble which resulted in numeorus political tensions and military incidents till the end of 1992.
At the same time Vance – Owen peace agreement was discussed and conflicts started between Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ABiH) and Croatian Defence Council (HVO) central Bosnia in the beginning of 1993, situation in Konjic and Jablanica also became more intense. It appears that in the first months of 1993 Muslim political and military leaders brought decision about starting the conflict against Croats and HVO in the area of Konjic and Jablanica. Consenquently, in March 1993, democratically elected local goverment was replaced. It was based on evaluation of Muslim leaders that local goverment will not support military actions against Croats in that area. To enable military actions Safet Ćibo was imposed as joint president of local goverments in Konjic and Jablanica. That was intro for the attack of ABiH against HVO of Konjic and Jablanica which started on March 23, 1993.
Conflicts were stopped after truce on March 25, 1993, yet ABiH used it to consolidate their troops to continue attack on HVO of Konjic and Jablanica on April 14, 1993. Till the end of April 1993, numerically superior ABiH achieved most of their objectives while HVO kept control under areas of few villages. During the attack, ABiH largely conducted ethnic cleansing of Croats from Konjic and Jablanica
The problems of the reading comprehension in the children and the youth
No full textPoseban tip analize književnog djela naziva se interpretacija, pojam s kojim mnogi čitatelji nisu
upoznati. Djeca i mladi često mijenjaju pojmove interpretacije i prepričavanja, no razlika
između ova dva pojma je razumijevanje pročitanog teksta na dubljoj razini. Kako bi čitatelj
bolje razumio pročitani tekst, u obzir treba uzeti karakterizaciju likova. Na taj način može se
povezati s likovima na ozbiljnoj i emotivnoj granici. Iako je znanstveno dokazano kako je
čitanje vrlo dobro za nas, javlja se pitanje zašto onda mladi sve manje čitaju. Jedan od sigurnijih
zaključaka je pojava moderne tehnologije i njezin utjecaj na društvo. Zbog snažnog utjecaja
tehnologije na djecu i mlade, razumijevanje kao vještina sve više propada. Zadatak je
biblioterapeuta da putem pažljivo odabranih knjiga vođeno čitaju s pojedincem ili manjom
grupom ljudi te im tako pomognu da se poistovjete s likovima i da shvate kako nisu jedini sa
specifičnim problemom. Biblioterapija najbolje uspijeva u grupama do pet sudionika pa bi tako
u jednom razredu bila teško izvodljiva. Ono što nastavnici mogu je potaknuti učenike na
razvijanje empatije prema junacima lektire i otvoreno razgovarati s njima o problemima koji se
nalaze u djelu. U diplomskom radu nalaze su interpretacije djela Combray Marcela Prousta i
Preobrazbe Franza Kafke. Uz to, vidjeti će se izmjerene razlike u razumijevanju pri čitanju kod
mladih. Istraživanje je provedeno u Klasičnoj gimnaziji u Zagrebu u dva četvrta razreda.
Učenici iz oba razreda bili su podijeljeni u tri grupe gdje je svaka imala svoje zadatke.
Zajedničke poveznice svih grupa bili su isti ulomci iz prethodno spomenutih djela i vrijeme
pisanja. Rezultati su potvrdili početne hipoteze i time dokazali što je bilo za očekivati.A unique way of analyzing a literary composition is interpretation, a term not many readers are
familiar with. The children and the youth often mix terms of interpretation and hearsay,
however, the difference with the two termes is comprehending on a deeper level. If the reading
comprehension is to be understood better, a reader needs to consider a characterization of a
character. That way, a reader can connect with a character in a deeper, more meaningful way.
Despite the fact that it is scientifically proven that reading is very good for us, one may ask why
don't the children and the youth read then. One of the conclusions is the appearance of modern
technology and its effect on society. Because of the strong effect today's technology has on the
children and the youth, their ability to comprehend is rapidly decreasing. Bibliotherapist's role
is to through carefully chosen books, guide an individual or a smaller group of people in a way
they can identify themselves with characters and realize they are not the only ones with a
specific problem. Bibliotherapy works best if a group is composed of no more than five
individuals, meaning bibliotherapy would not work well in a class with students. What teachers
can do is motivate students to develop empathy towards literary protagonists and openly discuss
problems that could be found in a literary composition. In this masters thesis, an interpretation
of Marcels Proust's Combray and Franzes Kafka's Metamorphosis can be found. Along that,
individual differences in reading comprehension in the youth will be shown. The research was
carried out in the Classical Gymnasium in Zagreb in two senior classes. The students from both
classes were divided in three groups with each having a different assignment. A common link
all three groups had were the exact same paragraphs mentioned earlier and the time of writing.
The results of the suggested hypothesis were proven which was to be expected
Poets of the Tang Dynasty in military conflicts
No full textU ovome radu prikazuju se razdoblje Tang dinastije u kojemu je bujala poetska umjetnost te se analizira biografija i radovi najpoznatijih pjesnika tog razdoblja. Prvi dio rada odnosi se na općenitu povijest razdoblja i upoznavanje s prilikama u kojima Tang dinastija dolazi na vlast. Razvojem carstva počinju vojni sukobi kako s vanjskim neprijateljima, tako i s unutarnjim. Mnoge od tih sukoba zabilježili su pjesnici koji su u mnogim slučajevima i sami bili učesnici kao dio administrativnog aparata vlada. Du Fu, Li Bai, Wang Wei, Bai Juyi i Li Shangyin najpoznatiji su pjesnici ovog razdoblja. Njihova djela ostala su sačuvana kroz godine te su i danas njihove pjesme važan faktor u kulturnom životu Kine. Moralne pouke, prijateljstvo, bol, tuga i sreća na jedinstven način su opisivane kroz njihova djela koja su analizirana u posljednjem dijelu rada, s posebnim naglaskom na njihove opise vojnih sukoba. U vremenima kada je pjesma jedina mogla doprijeti do većeg broja ljudi kroz usmenu predaju djela navedenih autora za narod su bila od iznimne važnost. Kroz njih su se upoznavali s prilikama koje su vladale širom carstva, ljepotama, ali i opasnostima kroz koje su prolazili ljudi u središtima sukoba.This paper presents the period of the Tang Dynasty in which poetic art flourished and analyzes the biography and works of the most famous poets of that period. The first part of the work refers to the general history of the period and familiarization with the circumstances in which the Tang dynasty came to power. With the development of the empire, military conflicts with both external and internal enemies begin. Many of these conflicts were recorded by poets who in many cases were themselves participants as part of the administrative apparatus of governments. Du Fu, Li Bai, Wang Wei, Bai Juyi and Li Shangyin are the most famous poets of this period. Their works have been preserved over the years, and even today their songs are an important factor in the cultural life of China. Moral lessons, friendship, pain, sadness and happiness are described in a unique way through their works, which are analyzed in the last part of the paper, with special emphasis on their descriptions of military conflicts. In the times when the song was the only one that could reach a large number of people through oral transmission, the works of the above-mentioned authors were of exceptional importance for the people. Through them, they became familiar with the conditions that prevailed throughout the empire, the beauties, but also the dangers that people in the centers of conflict went through
The change of communication paradigm in the music industry due to the emergence of new music and communication platforms
No full textProces digitalizacije promijenio je svakodnevni život u gotovo svakom aspektu – od glazbenika do komunikacijskih stručnjaka i njihovih timova koji primjenjuju nove komunikacijske taktike s ciljem što autentičnijih načina predstavljanja glazbenika i njihovih talenata javnosti. Ovaj rad približava komunikaciju u glazbenoj industriji uslijed brze pojave i razvoja digitalne tehnologije te detaljno objašnjava kako su se mijenjali načini komunikacije glazbenika s publikom. Osim toga, objašnjava načine distribucije i predstavljanja nove glazbe svijetu, uslijed pojave novih glazbenih i komunikacijskih platformi kroz spominjanje i tumačenje načina funkcioniranja nekoliko najpoznatijih – Spotify, Deezer, YouTube, Facebook i Instagram. Rad uspoređuje kako su se odnosi s javnošću u glazbi mijenjali tijekom digitalizacije u glazbi koja je utjecala na promjenu popularnosti izvođača i na načine distribucije novog glazbenog sadržaja. Također, rad opisuje kako je digitalna tranzicija u glazbenoj industriji uzrokovala promjene u načinu rada stručnjaka za glazbeni marketing, odnose s javnošću kao i ostalih komunikacijskih stručnjaka koji djeluju unutar te industrije.The digitization process has changed everyday life in almost every aspect – from musicians to communication experts and their teams who apply new communication tactics with the aim of presenting musicians and their talents to the public in the most authentic ways possible. This paper approaches communication in the music industry due to the rapid emergence and development of digital technology and explains in detail how the ways of communication between musicians and the audience have changed. In addition, it explains the distribution and presentation of new music to the world due to the emergence of new music and communication platforms by mentioning and interpreting the functioning of several of the most famous - Spotify, Deezer, YouTube, Facebook, and Instagram. The paper compares how relations with the public in music changed during digitalization in music, which influenced the change in the popularity of performers and the ways of distributing new music content. Also, the paper describes how the digital transition in the music industry has caused changes in the way music marketing and public relations experts work, as well as other communication experts operating within that industry
Relationship between personality traits, motivation and watching Twitch during diffiult times
No full textCilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati odnos između emocionalnih komponenti gledanja Twitch streamova u koje spadaju parasocijalne veze, emocionalni angažman, željna identifikacija i bihevioralna odanost, osobine ličnosti i motivacije za gledanjem Twitcha. U online istraživanju je sudjelovalo 325 sudionika (M dobi= 29,87, SD dobi=7,15) diljem cijelog svijeta koji gledaju Twitch live streamove bar jedan sat tjedno na engleskom jeziku od kojih je 129 (39.7%) muškog roda, 156 (48%) ženskog roda te se njih 40 (12.3%) identificira kao ne-binarne osobe. Za operacionalizaciju konstrukata korišten je Upitnik parasocijalnih odnosa, emocionalnog angažmana, željne identifikacije i bihevioralne odanosti (engl. Parasocial relationships, emotional engagement, wishful identification and behavioral loyalty), Korištenje Twitcha za vrijeme teških životnih trenutaka (engl. Questionnaire on Twitch use during difficult times, De Wit i sur. 2020), te Upitnik ličnosti IPIP-20 - skraćene verzije markera Velepetorog modela ličnosti (Andreis, Jureta i Mlačić, 2021). Poveznica na upitnik podijeljena je u nekoliko Facebook grupa, Discord servera koje okupljaju gledatelje i Twitch streamere te u nekolicini Twitch streamova. Analizom dobivenih rezultata utvrđeno je da su paraoscijalne veze pozitivno povezane sa savjesnošću, emocionalni angažman pozitivno korelira sa savjesnošću i intelektom. Nadalje, željna identifikacija pokazuje negativnu povezanost s emocionalnom stabilnošću i negativnu povezanost s ugodnosti, dok bihevioralna odanost negativno korelira s ugodnošću. Od svih ispitanih osobina ličnosti, jedino savjesnost i intelekt pozitivno koreliraju s motivacijom za gledanjem Twitcha. Također je utvrđena pozitivna povezanost između emocionalnih komponenti gledanja Twitch streamova i motivacije za gledanjem Twitcha. Korištenim setom prediktora može se objasniti oko 32% ukupne varijance motivacije za gledanjem Twitcha. Emocionalne komponente parasocijalne veze, emocionalni angažman i željna identifikacija su značajni prediktori, dok bihevioralna odanost i sve osobine ličnosti nisu. Rezultati istraživanja služe kao preteča koja će stavljati u odnos osobine ličnosti, emocionalne komponente gledanja Twitch streamova i motivacije za gledanjem Twitcha. Ovo je također i prvo istraživanje ove tematike koje uključuje i hrvatsku populaciju.This research aimed to examine the relationships between the emotional components of watching Twitch streams, which include parasocial relationships, emotional engagement, wishful identification and behavioral loyalty, personality traits, and motivations for watching Twitch. This online study included 325 participants (M age= 29,87, SD age= 7,15) from all over the world who watch Twitch live streams at least one hour a week in English. 129 (39.7%) participants identify as male, 156 (48%) identify as female and 40 (12.3%) of them identify as non-binary. For the operationalization of the constructs the following measures were used; the Questionnaire on Parasocial relationships, emotional engagement, wishful identification and behavioral loyalty, Questionnaire on Twitch use during difficult times and the IPIP-20 Personality Questionnaire - shortened versions of the markers of the Big Five Personality Model (Andreis, Jureta i Mlačić, 2021). The link to the questionnaire was shared in several Facebook groups, Discord servers that gather viewers and Twitch streamers, and in several Twitch streams. Analyzed results show that parasocial relationships have a positive correlation with conscientiousness, emotional engagement positively correlates with conscientiousness and intellect, wishful identification shows a negative correlation with emotional stability and a negative correlation with agreeableness. It was found that out of all personality traits, only conscientiousness and intellect positively correlate with motivation to watch Twitch. A positive correlation was also found between all emotional components of watching Twitch streams and the motivation to watch Twitch. The used set of predictors can explain approximately 32% of the total variance of motivation for watching Twitch. The emotional components parasocial relationships, emotional engagement and wishful identification are significant predictors, while behavioral loyalty and all personality traits are not. The results of this research are a forerunner for future reasearch that will analyze the relationship between presonality traits, emotional components of watching Twitch streams and motivation for watching Twitch. This is also the first research of this thematic that incluides the croatian population
Relationship between digital technology use and executive functions in children
No full textSveprisutnost digitalnih tehnologija i njihovo učestalo korištenje uzrokuje zabrinutost u javnosti
zbog potencijalno negativnog utjecaja tehnologije na dobrobit korisnika . Literatura ukazuje na
kontradiktornost spoznaja i teškoće u sintezi spoznaja zbog korištenja različitih mjera u
istraživanjima te specifičnosti konteksta i korisnika. Uz ukupno vrijeme provedeno u korištenju
digitalnih tehnologija, potrebno je uzeti u obzir različite okolnosti korištenja kako bi se mogle
definirati jasnije smjernice za roditelje i stručnjake. S obzirom na nedostat ak istraživanja
usmjerenih na razdoblje srednje g djetinjstv a , u ovom se radu nastoji razjasniti odnos korištenja
digitalnih tehnologija i izvršnih funkcija kod učenika četvrtih razreda osnovne škole (N=400)
prosječne dobi 10 godina, na temelju podataka pri kupljenih u sklopu projekta Hrvatske zaklade za
znanost Dobrobit djeteta u kontekstu obitelji (CHILD WELL). Prema procjenama majki, učenici
prosječno koriste digitalne uređaje oko 3 sata dnevno tijekom vikenda, što je manje od očekivanog
i blizu postojećim preporukama temeljenim na istraživanjima odnosa tehnologije i tjelesne
aktivnosti. Dječaci češće igraju igre ili koriste aplikacije za zabavu, dok djevojčice češće slušaju
glazbu i stvaraju različite medijske sadržaje te komuniciraju putem aplik acija. T emelj e m procjena
majki u vidu ukupnog rezultata na upitniku BRIEF2, d jeca generalno nemaju izražene teškoće
izvršnih funkcija što je očekivano jer se radi o normalnoj populaciji . Učestalo st pretraživanj a
interneta , kao i učestalost komuni ciranja p utem aplikacija poveza n a je s man jom izraženošću
teškoća izvršnih funkcija. Aktivnosti poput gledanja videosadržaja, slušanja ili stvaranja glazbe,
stvaranja fotografija ili videa te posjećivanja društvenih mreža nisu povezane s teškoćama izvršnih
funkcija. Međutim, rezultati ukazuju da je p otreban poseb an oprez kod dječaka koji su generalno
skloniji teškoć ama izvršnih funkcij a , a provode više vremena igrajući videoigre ili koristeći
aplikacije za zabavu. Važno je napomenuti da nije poznato o kojim igrama i aplikacijama je riječ,
te se najvjerojatnije rad i o dvosmjernoj povezanosti . B uduća bi istraživanja trebala preciznije
istražiti taj odnos uzimajući u obzir druge potencijalno važne varijable poput kvalitete sna . Iako
roditeljska medijacija nije pokazala značajne rezultate, preporučuje se detaljnija ana liza specifičnih
strategija roditeljske medijacije u promatranom odnosu korištenja digitalnih tehnologije i izvršnih
funkcija kod djece.The ubiquity and frequent use of digital technologies raises public concerns regarding the potential adverse effects of technology on user well-being. Literature points out the contradictions in findings and the difficulties in synthesizing knowledge due to the use of different measures in research, as well as the specific context and users. In addition to the total time spent using digital technologies, it is necessary to take into account the different circumstances of use in order to be able to define clearer guidelines for parents and professionals. Given the lack of research dedicated to middle childhood phase, this paper aims to clarify the relationship between digital technology use and executive functions based on data of 10-year-olds (4th grade) children (N=400) collected as part of the Child Well-being in the Context of Family (CHILD-WELL) project funded by the Croatian Science Foundation. According to mothers' estimates, children typically use digital devices for approximately 3 hours per day during the weekends, which is slightly below expectations and close to existing recommendations based on research on the relationship between technology and physical activity. Boys more frequently play games or use applications for entertainment, while girls more frequently listen to music, create various media content and communicate via applications. Children generally do not have pronounced executive function difficulties as indicated by the mothers' estimates on the BRIEF2 questionnaire. This finding aligns with expectations, considering that the sample consisted of typically developing children. Frequent Internet browsing and communication via applications are associated with less executive function difficulties. Activities such as watching video content, listening to or creating music, creating photos or videos, and visiting social networks are not associated with executive function difficulties. Results of this research indicate that caution is needed only with boys who are generally more prone to executive function difficulties and spend more time playing video games or using applications for entertainment. It is important to note that the specific games and applications involved are not known, and this is most likely a bidirectional relationship. Future research should investigate this relationship in more detail, taking into account other potentially important variables such as sleep quality. Although parental mediation did not show significant results, a more detailed analysis of specific parental mediation strategies in the observed relationship between the use of digital technologies and children's executive functions is recommended
YouTube: A key strategic channel in building a personal brand
No full textU središtu ovog rada bavimo se proučavanjem pojma osobnog brenda. Cilj rada je istražiti i analizirati strateški pristup i brojne tehnike kojima se služe kreatori sadržaja na YouTubeu kako bi se što učinkovitije predstavili ciljnoj skupini te istovremeno izgradili svoj osobni brend. Osobni brending svjesno je i namjerno promoviranje samog sebe kako bi osoba postala prepoznatljiva, poželjna i respektabilna u industriji kojom se bavi. Razvoj osobnog brenda u svijetu društvenih mreža danas je popularan trend. Mnoga istraživanja ukazuju na značajan porast video marketinga u proteklih nekoliko godina. Youtube, kao najveća platforma za dijeljenje video sadržaja, omogućava svojim korisnicima brojne mogućnosti u području marketinga. Putem YouTube kanala osobni brendovi mogu lako doći do potencijalnih korisnika i kupaca, a s druge strane produbljuju veze i stvaraju lojalnost s postojećima. Iz tog razloga proveli smo anketu među studentskom populacijom kako bi dobili uvid u njihove navike korištenja YouTubea i interakciju s osobnim brendovima putem ove platforme. Na temelju provedenog istraživanja, ističu se dvije društvene mreže putem kojih studenti stupaju u interakciju s osobnim brandovima, a to su YouTube i Instagram. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su kako studenti najčešće koriste YouTube kanal zbog zabave i slušanja glazbe. Također, istraživanje je pokazalo kako studenti koji pretražuju proizvode na YouTubeu, primjerice kroz recenzije, prije kupovine imaju više povjerenja u YouTubere od onih koji ne pretražuju.In the center of this work, we study the concept of personal brand. The aim of the paper is to investigate and analyze the strategic approach and numerous techniques used by content creators on YouTube to present themselves to the target group as effectively as possible and at the same time build their personal brand. Personal branding is the conscious and deliberate promotion of oneself in order to make a person recognizable, desirable and respectable in the industry in which he or she is engaged. Developing a personal brand in the world of social networks is a popular trend today. Many studies indicate a significant increase in video marketing in the past few years. Youtube, as the largest platform for sharing video content, provides its users with numerous opportunities in the field of marketing. Through the YouTube channel, personal brands can easily reach potential users and customers, and on the other hand, deepen connections and create loyalty with existing ones. For this reason, we conducted a survey among the student population to gain insights into their YouTube usage habits and interaction with personal brands through this platform. Based on the conducted research, two social networks through which students interact with personal brands stand out, namely YouTube and Instagram. The research results showed that students most often use the YouTube channel for entertainment and listening to music. It has also been shown that students who search for products on YouTube, for example through reviews, have more trust in YouTubers before making a purchase than those who do not search for products on YouTube
The Influence of Historical Events on the antiturcica of the 15th and 16th Century Croatian Latinity
No full textPočetak novoga vijeka u hrvatskim zemljama obilježit će sve češći dolasci Osmanlija,
a oni će tijekom Stogodišnjeg hrvatsko-turskog rata koji je započeo Bitkom na Krbavskom
polju 1493. g. i hrvatskim porazom, započeti proces osvajanja gotovo čitave Hrvatske. Rijetki
preostali neosvojeni dijelovi krajem 16. st., odnosno nakon konačne habsburške pobjede u Bitci
kod Siska 1593. g., u književnosti će se popularno nazivati ostatcima ostataka nekoć slavnoga
Hrvatskog Kraljevstva (reliquiae reliquiarum olim magni et inclyti regni Croatiae). Čitavo to
razdoblje obilježit će djelovanje hrvatskih humanista koji su književnim i diplomatskim putem
nastojali približiti papama i vladarima Europe tešku situaciju u kojoj se nalazio čitav hrvatski
narod te tim putevima dobiti potrebnu materijalnu, vojnu i ljudsku pomoć za obranu od nemilosrdnog neprijatelja. Ovaj rad usredotočit će se na djelovanje šestorice latinista koji su svojim
apelima u obliku govora i pisama, nastojali dobiti istu. Početkom 16. st. Hrvatska se u takvim
i ostalim djelima žanra antiturcica kojim se ovaj rad posebno bavi, počinje nazivati Antemurale
Christianitatis odnosno štitom koji brani kršćansku Europu od Osmanlija. Ovaj i slični toposi
postat će konstanta u protuturskoj književnosti koja će pozivati na ujedinjenje svih kršćana radi
ostvarenja cilja – istjerivanje Osmanlija iz Europe.The beginning of the Early Modern Era in the Croatian lands will be marked by the
increasingly frequent arrivals of the Ottomans, and during the Hundred Years' Croatian-Turkish War, which began with the Battle of Krbavsko polje in 1493. and the Croatian defeat, they
will begin the process of conquering almost all of Croatia. The rare remaining unconquered
parts at the end of the 16th century, after the final Croatian victory in the Battle of Sisak in
1593., will be popularly referred to in literature as the remnants of the once glorious Croatian
Kingdom. This entire period will be marked by the activities of Croatian humanists who, through literary and diplomatic means, strove to bring the difficult situation of the entire Croatian
nation closer to the popes and rulers of Europe, and through these means to obtain the necessary
material, military and human aid for defense against a merciless enemy. This work will focus
on the activities of six Latinists who tried to get the same through their appeals in the form of
speeches and letters. At the beginning of the 16th century, in such and other works of the antiturcica genre, which this paper deals with, Croatia began to be called Antemurale Christianitatis, meaning a shield defending Christian Europe from the Ottomans. This and similar topoi
will become a constant in anti-Turkish literature, which will call for the unification of all Christians in order to achieve the goal - the expulsion of the Ottomans from Europe
The negative aspects of journalism and their influence on youth
No full textTema je ovog rada negativnost u medijima i utjecaj koji takav pristup informiranju ima na
informiranost mladih ljudi. U radu se istražuju navike informiranja mladih te njihova percepcije
negativnosti naspram pozitivnosti prisutnih u vijestima. To podrazumijeva tradicionalne masovne
medije, televiziju, radio i tisak kao i nove medije, društvene mreže i online portale. Ciljevi su
ovoga rada prikazati navike informiranja mladih te utvrditi postoji li povezanost između prisustva
negativnih vijesti i načina informiranja te želje za informiranjem.
U teorijskom okviru rada definirane su negativne tehnike kao sljedeće: naslovi mamilice,
uokvirivanje vijesti, agenda setting teorija, senzacionalizam te lažne vijesti. Za potrebe ovog rada
ti su fenomeni definirani kako bi se stvorila slika o raširenosti negativnosti u medijima. Također,
teorijski dio pokriva proces odabira vijesti te razmatra negativnost kao sveprisutnu vrijednost koja
ima utjecaj na taj odabir te se osvrće na odnos publike sa negativnim vijestima u smislu potražnje
i percepcije istih. Provedeno istraživanje pokazalo je da mladi ljudi u globalu češće koriste nove
medije i društvene mreže kako bi se informirali, ali iako su svjesni prisutnosti negativnih vijesti u
medijima, sama ta činjenica nije dovoljna da ih obeshrabri od korištenja medija i društvenih mreža,
kao ni od informiranja.The topic of this paper is negativity in the media and the impact that such an approach to informing
has on the staying informed of young people. The paper investigates the informing habits of young
people and their perceptions of negativity versus positivity in the news. This includes traditional
mass media, television, radio and print as well as new media, social media and online portals. The
goals of this paper are to show the informing habits of young people and to determine whether
there is a connection between the presence of negative news and the way in which young people
stay informed as well as the desire to be informed.
In the theoretical framework of the work, negative techniques are defined as follows: misleading
headlines, news framing, agenda setting theory, sensationalism and fake news. For the purposes
of this paper, these phenomena are defined in order to create a picture of the prevalence of
negativity in the media. Also, the theoretical part covers the process of news selection and
considers negativity as an ever present value that has an impact on that selection, and looks at the
audience's relationship with negative news in terms of demand as well as their perception of it.
The research conducted showed that young people generally use new media and social media more
often to get information, but even though they are aware of the presence of negative news in the
media, this fact alone is not enough to discourage them from using the media and social networks,
as well as from being informed