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King, nobility, and the making of the state: 1650-1700
No full textRad prikazuje izgradnju ranonovovjekovne apsolutističke države analizirajući odnos
kralja i plemstva od 1650. do 1700. godine te preispitujući stereotipe koji su često
povezani s apsolutističkim načinom vladanja. Apsolutizam u praksi, prikazan na
primjerima Francuske i Habsburške Monarhije prikazuje da taj oblik vladavine ne treba
definirati kao uspješan ili neuspješan pa na temelju toga izvlačiti zaključke o postojanju
apsolutizma već kao kompleksni proces izgradnje autoriteta vladara koji je bio uspješan
i neuspješan. Taj se proces na slične načine i uz slične prepreke manifestirao u svim
europskim monarhijama, a bilo ga je nemoguće provesti bez suradnje s političkom elitom.
Stalna državna vojska, osnivanje državne administracije i centralizacija moći na dvoru
važni su aspekti izgradnje ranonovovjekovne države te nam zato najuvjerljivije prikazuju
stvarnost apsolutističke vladavine. Studija slučaja Kraljevine Hrvatske ukazuje na visoku
razinu utjecaja i samostalnosti hrvatskog plemstva u odnosu na kralja, iako i taj odnos
prate određeni stereotipi najviše zbog nepovoljne političke situacije u Ugarskoj, malog
teritorija Kraljevine Hrvatske te dugotrajnog ratovanja s Osmanskim Carstvom.The MA thesis shows the process of early modern state-building from 1650 to 1700 by
analyzing the relationship between the king and the nobility and questioning the
stereotypes often associated with the absolutist way of ruling. Absolutism in practice,
shown in the examples of France and the Habsburg Monarchy, shows that we cannot
define this form of government as successful or unsuccessful and, based on that, decide
whether absolutism exists or not. It should be understood as a complex process of
restoring the ruler's authority after decades of wars and crises. This process manifested
itself in similar ways and with similar obstacles in all European monarchies and it was
impossible to implement it without the cooperation of the political elite. The permanent
state army, the establishment of the state administration, and the centralization of power
at court are important aspects of the early modern state and thus most convincingly show
the reality of absolutist rule. A case study focused on the Kingdom of Croatia indicates
the Croatian nobility's high level of influence and independence. However, this
relationship is also accompanied by certain stereotypes, mainly due to the unfavorable
political situation in Hungary, the small territory of the Kingdom of Croatia, and the longterm war with the Ottoman Empire
The role of social media in promoting sports on the example of Formula 1
No full textSportska i medijska industrija su kroz zadnje stoljeće razvile jedan nerazdvojan odnos, u kojem
svaka od njih koristi pomoć drugog ne bi li zadovoljila svoje interese. Medijska industrija
profitira na prenošenju globalno popularnih sportova, dok sportovi koriste medijski prostor za
promociju i plasman sportskih događaja kroz razne komunikacijske kanale. U dinamičnom
tržištu koje počiva na inovacijama izazvanim digitalizacijom, odnos sportsko-medijske
industrije zahtijeva prilagodbu na nove načine komunikacije. Razvoj interneta, mobilnih
uređaja i društvenih medija najavili su jednu novu generaciju medijske komunikacije, u kojoj
sportska industrija ima mogućnost boljeg povezivanja s javnošću, stvaranju jačih emocionalnih
odnosa, te zadržavanju odane baze obožavatelja koji doprinose profitu svih dionika, od
medijskih kuća, pa sve do sponzora i partnera koji promoviraju sport. Brojne sportske
organizacije, svjesne rapidne digitalizacije tržišta, odlučuju prilagoditi svoje komunikacijske
strategije s javnošću, a organizacije koje zanemaruju takav potencijal riskiraju pad poslovanja
i vidljivosti u javnosti. Formula 1 jedna je od onih sportskih organizacija koja je zbog
tradicionalno vođene kulture poslovanja išla silaznom putanjom popularnosti. Pad gledanosti,
slabija zarada, te nedostatak planova za stvaranje uzbudljivijeg sporta navele su organizaciju
na promjenu vlasništva, koje je sa sobom donijelo nove ideje za revitalizaciju brenda.
Preuzimanjem Liberty Medie, Formula 1 je implementirala nove metode komunikacije s
javnošću, od kojih se posebno ističu društveni mediji. Komunikacija vozača, timova, sponzora,
a posebice javnosti danas je neizostavna u digitalnoj strategiji Formule 1, a doprinos kojeg
društveni mediji imaju odrazio se na porast popularnosti i širenje sporta na nova tržišta.
Društveni mediji, uz slobodu koju nude, također predstavljaju i rizike za etično djelovanje.
Govor mržnje, kleveta i razni oblici neetičnog ponašanja pitanja su koje brojne organizacije,
uključujući i Formulu 1, odlučuju pokriti u svojim kodeksima ponašanja na digitalnim
platformama. U aspektu budućnosti razvoja Formule 1, nove tehnologije nude mogućnosti za
regrutiranje mlađih generacija, koji zbog društvenih medija pokazuju sve veći interes za
sudjelovanje u Formuli 1.The sports and media industries have developed an inseparable relationship over the past
century, with each relying on the other to fulfil their interests. The media industry profits from
broadcasting globally popular sports, while sports use media space to promote and distribute
sports events through various communication channels. In a dynamic market driven by
innovations brought about by digitalization, the relationship between the sports and media
industries requires adaptation to new communication methods. The development of the
internet, mobile devices, and social media has ushered in a new generation of media
communication, allowing the sports industry to better connect with the public, create stronger
emotional bonds, and retain a loyal fan base that contributes to the profit of all stakeholders,
from media companies to sponsors and partners promoting sports. Aware of the rapid
digitalization of the market, numerous sports organizations are adapting their public
communication strategies, while those that neglect this potential risk a decline in business and
public visibility. Formula 1 is one of those sports organizations that, due to its traditionally led
business culture, was on a downward trajectory in popularity. Declining viewership, weaker
earnings, and a lack of plans to create a more exciting sport led the organization to change
ownership, which brought new ideas for revitalizing the brand. With the takeover by Liberty
Media, Formula 1 implemented new methods of public communication, with social media
standing out in particular. Communication between drivers, teams, sponsors, and especially the
public is now indispensable in Formula 1's digital strategy, and the contribution of social media
has resulted in increased popularity and the expansion of the sport into new markets. However,
the freedom offered by social media also poses risks for ethical conduct. Hate speech,
defamation, and various forms of unethical behaviour are issues that many organizations,
including Formula 1, choose to address in their codes of conduct on digital platforms.
Regarding the future development of Formula 1, new technologies offer opportunities to recruit
younger generations, who, thanks to social media, are showing increasing interest in
participating in Formula 1
The perception of elderly people about the stereotypical view of their age group
No full textRepublika Hrvatska već godinama bilježi porast broja starijih osoba u ukupnom stanovništvu te se suočava s brojnim posljedicama demografskog starenja. Osim tjelesnih, kognitivnih i socijalnih promjena nastalima kao rezultat starenja, starije osobe podvrgnute su i često negativnim stereotipima o svojoj dobnoj skupini. Cilj istraživanja bio je steći uvid u percepciju osoba starije životne dobi o položaju starijih osoba u današnjem društvu i doživljavanju sebe kao starijih osoba. Provedene su tri fokus grupe sa sveukupno 19 starijih osoba. Prvu grupu činili su vanjski korisnici usluga doma za starije osobe, drugu trenutni korisnici doma za starije, a treću članovi udruge namijenjene starijim osobama. Za potrebe fokus grupa osmišljen je set od devet pitanja s potpitanjima, usmjerena na odnos današnjeg društva prema starijima, diskriminaciju na temelju dobi, medijsku sliku starijih i slično. Tematskom analizom izdvojeno je 21 tematskih cjelina koje su podijeljene u šest kategorija. Sudionici su naveli kako u društvu prevladavaju negativna vjerovanja o starijim osobama i kako društvo ne rješava pitanja potreba starijih osoba. Smatraju da su današnjem društvenom odnosu i položaju starijih doprinijeli naporan tempo života, odgoj, tehnologija i generacijski jaz. S diskriminacijom su se susreli na radnom mjestu, u zdravstvenom sustavu i u interakciji s drugima, a i kod samih sudionika je prisutno djelomično prihvaćanje tih društvenih vjerovanja i diskriminacije. Pojedini sudionici ne osjećaju svoje godine, dok drugi imaju negativnu sliku o sebi. Sudionici smatraju uključivanje države, podizanje svijesti putem medija i poticanje međugeneracijskog kontakta koracima do poboljšanja društvenog odnosa prema starijima.The Republic of Croatia has been recording an increase in the number of elderly people in the total population for years and is facing numerous consequences of demographic aging. In addition to the physical, cognitive and social changes that occur as a result of aging, elderly people are also subjected to often negative stereotypes about their age group. The goal of the research was to gain insight into the perception of elderly people about the position of the elderly in today's society and how they perceive themselves as older people. Three focus groups were conducted with a total of 19 elderly people. The first group consisted of external users of the services of retirement home, the second was current residents at retirement home, and the third was members of the association intended for the elderly. A set of nine questions with sub-questions was designed for the needs of the focus groups, focused on the attitude of today's society towards the elderly, discrimination based on age, the media portrayal of the elderly, etc. The thematic analysis identified 21 thematic units, which were divided into six categories. The participants stated that negative beliefs about the elderly prevail in society and that society does not address the needs of the elderly. They believe that the tiring pace of life, upbringing, technology and the generation gap have contributed to today's social relationship and position of the elderly. They encountered discrimination at the workplace, in the health system and in interaction with others, and the partial acceptance of these social beliefs and discrimination is also present among the participants themselves. Some participants do not feel their age, while others have a negative self-image. The participants consider the involvement of the state, raising awareness through the media and encouraging intergenerational contact as steps to improving social attitudes towards the elderly
Croatian bans in the second half of the 19th century - comparative political biographies
No full textFunkcija hrvatskog bana je kroz povijest doživljavala razne preobrazbe koje su ovisile o onodobnim okolnostima u kojima su se nalazile hrvatske zemlje. Bana je imenovao kralj a za imenovanje bila su potreba tri uvjeta – rimokatolička vjera, prebivalište i posjedovanje nekretnina u Hrvatsko i Slavoniji te državljanstvo u Ugarsko-hrvatskom Kraljevstvu. Zakonom je bila uređena i svečana ceremonija imenovanja bana prilikom koje je ban nosio zastavu kao simbol vojne te žezlo kao simbol sudske i upravne vlasti. Dva dokumenta koja su uvelike utjecali na položaj bana su Zahtijevanje naroda donesena 1848. godine i Hrvatsko-ugarska nagodba donesena 1868. godine. Kada je u ožujku 1848. Josip Jelačić donio je odluke pomoću kojih je nakratko uveo mir u zemlji. Najvažnija među njima je ona o prekidanju svake veze sa ugarskom vladom oko koje će se ugarski i hrvatski političari sporiti i u kasnijim razdobljima. Jedna od većih prekretnica u hrvatskoj povijesti bilo je održavanje Hrvatskog sabora iste godine čime je prekinuta praksa okupljanja staleškog Sabora i na kojem je donesen zaključak o osnivanju privremene vlade. Za vrijeme svojega banovanja Jelačić je vodio težak rat sa vladom u Ugarskoj nakon kojeg je započelo neoapsolutističko razdoblje u kojem su mu oduzete nekadašnje ovlasti hrvatskog bana te tijekom kojeg je postao izvršitelj naloga bečkog vrha. Nakon kratkog banovanja njegovog nasljednika Ivana Coroninia-Cromberga na bansku je stolicu zasjeo Josip Šokčević. Na Hrvatskom saboru koji je održan 1861. godine iznijeti su zahtjevi za povratkom teritorija koji su Trojednoj Kraljevini oduzeti tokom prethodnih godina prilikom čega je donesen članak 42 kojeg je bio autor Ivan Mažuranić. Obzirom da su se pojavile političke ideje o obnovi veza sa Ugarskom u članku je iznesena volja da se stupi u vezu sa njom ukoliko Ugarska prizna hrvatsku autonomiju i teritorijalnu cjelovitost. U trenutku kada su trajali pregovori oko sklapanja Austro-ugarske nagodbe Šokčević je odstupio sa položaja bana a njegov nasljednik Levin Rauch je, uz pomoć većinske Unionističke stranke, uspio sklopiti sa ugarskom stranom Hrvatsko-ugarsku nagodbu. Uz pomoć svojeg načina upravljanja i donošenjem zakona koji je zaštitio Nagodbu, uspio ju je i provesti. Nakon Antuna Vakanovića i Kolomana Bedekovića, banova koji su uslijedili, mjesto bana pripalo je Ivanu Mažuraniću koji je predstavljao važnu ličnost u hrvatskoj povijesti jer je donio niz reformi koji su uvelike modernizirale hrvatske zemlje. Naslijedio ga je Ladislav Pejačević za kojeg je bitno istaknuti da je, shodno kraljevoj odluci, proveo ujedinjenje Vojne krajine sa civilnom Hrvatskom i Slavonijom. Kada je dao ostavku na dužnosti bana naslijedio ga je Károly Khuen-Héderváry koji je nizom represivnih mjera uspio slomit otpor nad protuhrvatskom politikom ali na samo do zadnje godine njegova banovanja – Narodnog pokreta 1903. godine.Throughout history, the function of the Croatian ban has experienced various transformations that depended on the circumstances of the time in which the Croatian lands were located. Ban was appointed by the king, and three conditions were required for the appointment - Roman Catholicism, residence and ownership of real estate in Croatia and Slavonia, and citizenship in the Hungarian-Croatian Kingdom. The law also regulated the solemn ceremony of naming the ban, during that occasion the ban carried a flag as a symbol of the military and a scepter as a symbol of judicial and administrative authority. Two documents that greatly influenced the position of the ban are „Zahtijevanje naroda“ adopted in 1848 and the Croatian-Hungarian settlement adopted in 1868. On March 1848. Josip Jelačić made decisions that briefly brought peace to the country. The most important among them is the one about severing all ties with the Hungarian government, over which Hungarian and Croatian politicians will argue in later periods as well. One of the major milestones in Croatian history was the holding of the Croatian Parliament in the same year, which ended the practice of gathering the class parliament and at which the conclusion was reached on the establishment of a temporary government. During his governance, Jelačić waged a difficult war with the government in Hungary, after which the neo-absolutist period began, in which he was deprived of his former powers as a Croatian ban and during which he became the executor of orders from the Viennese leadership. After short governance of his successor, Ivan Coroninio-Cromberg, Josip Šokčević sat on the ban chair. At the Croatian Parliament held in 1861., requests were made for the return of territories that had been taken from the Three Kingdoms during the previous years, during which Article 42 was adopted, authored by Ivan Mažuranić. Considering that political ideas about the restoration of ties with Hungary appeared in the article, the willingness to enter into a relationship with Hungary was expressed if Hungary recognizes Croatian autonomy and territorial integrity. At the moment when the negotiations regarding the conclusion of the Austro-Hungarian settlement were ongoing, Šokčević deviated from the position of ban, and his successor Levin Rauch, with the help of the majority Unionist Party, managed to conclude a Croatian-Hungarian settlement with the Hungarian party. With the help of his management style and the passing of a law that protected the Agreement, he managed to implement it. After Antun Vakanović and Koloman Bedeković, the bans that followed, the title of ban went to Ivan Mažuranić, who represented an important figure in Croatian history because he brought a series of reforms that greatly modernized Croatian lands. He was succeeded by Ladislav Pejačević, for whom it is important to point out that, in accordance with the king's decision, he implemented the unification of „Vojna Krajina“ with civilian Croatia and Slavonia. When he resigned from the post of ban, he was succeeded by Károly Khuen-Héderváry, who with a series of repressive measures managed to break the resistance to the anti-Croatian policy, but only until the last year of governance- „Narodni pokret“ 1903
The Japanese empire at the turn of the 19th and 20th century
No full textOvaj diplomski rad obuhvaća analizu japanske povijesti na prijelazu s 19. na 20. stoljeće, fokusirajući se na Meiji razdoblje i sve promjene koje su se dogodile u tome razdoblju. Rad je podijeljen u poglavlja koja opisuju povijest šogunata, naročito Tokugawa šogunata, te poglavlja koje detaljno opisuju Meiji razdoblje i sve reforme koje su se dogodile u gospodarstvu, vojsci, obrazovanju i društvu. Opisuje i sam ekspanzionizam Japanskog Carstva u to vrijeme. Nakon uvodnog prvog poglavlja, drugo poglavlje opisuje šogunate, a kako je već i navedeno u prijašnjem odlomku, opisuje detaljnije Tokugawa šogunat. Govori o vladavini šogunata, kada je šogunat nastao, te od čega se sastoji njihova vlast. U radu se detaljnije opisuje šogunat Tokugawa te opisuje tijek njihove vlasti i događaje koji su doveli do pada Tokugawa šogunata, koji je naposljetku i doveo do Meiji razdoblja, odnosno do ponovne vlasti cara. U trećem poglavlju opisuje se vlast cara koji nije imao gotovo nikakve ovlasti za vrijeme šoguna, te se u ovome poglavlju opisuje promjena u ovlastima cara kada je započelo Meiji razdoblje. U četvrtome poglavlju opisuju se političke promjene te se govori o institucijama koje su stvorene, ali i o zakonima i ustavu koji su donešeni.U petome poglavlju se opisuje vojni razvoj te se govori o tri prijelazne faze koje su se dogodile kako bi vojska prešla u modernu vojnu organizaciju. U šestome poglavlju detaljno se govori o gospodarskom razvoju, o promjenama koje su se dogodile u financijama i infrastrukturi, a opisuje se i koji su to ključni proizvodi koje su „uzeli“ od inozemnih stručnjaka kako bi modernizirali svoje gospodarstvo. Također se u ovome poglavlju razglaba i o nastanku zaibatsua koji se nazivaju još i „financijskom klikom“. U sedmom poglavlju opisuje se razvoj obrazovanja te koji je to novi sustav obveznog obrazovanja uveden. U osmome poglavlju opisuje se razvoj društva. Opisuje se od kojih klasa je sastavljeno japansko društvo. Deveto poglavlje, i posljednje poglavlje ovoga rada, usmjereno je na japanski ekspanzionizam. Opisuje se kinesko-japanski rat, rusko-japanski rat te ankesija Koreje. Detaljno se opisuje njihov tijek, glavne bitke te naposljetku i završetak istih.This thesis includes an analysis of Japanese history at the turn of the 19th to the 20th century, focusing on the Meiji period and all the changes that occurred during that period. The work is divided into chapters that describe the history of the shogunate, especially the Tokugawa shogunate, and chapters that describe in detail the Meiji period and all the reforms that took place in the economy, the army, education and society. It also describes the very expansionism of the Japanese Empire at that time. After the introductory first chapter, the second chapter describes the shogunate, and as already stated in the previous paragraph, it describes the Tokugawa shogunate in more detail. It talks about the rule of the shogunate, when the shogunate was created, and what their government consists of. The paper describes the Tokugawa shogunate in more detail and describes the course of their rule and the events that led to the fall of the Tokugawa shogunate, which eventually led to the Meiji period, that is, to the return of the emperor. The third chapter describes the rule of an emperor who had almost no powers during the shogunate period, and this chapter describes the change in the emperor's powers when the Meiji period began. The fourth chapter describes the political changes and talks about the institutions that were created, but also about the laws and the constitution that were passed. The fifth chapter describes the military development and talks about the three transition phases that took place in order for the army to transition into a modern military organization. In the sixth chapter, economic development is discussed in detail, the changes that have taken place in finance and infrastructure, and it is also described which are the key products that they "took" from foreign experts in order to modernize their economy. This chapter also discusses the emergence of the zaibatsu, which are also called the "financial clique". The seventh chapter describes the development of education and the new system of compulsory education introduced. The eighth chapter describes the development of society. It describes the classes that make up Japanese society. The ninth chapter, and the last chapter of this paper, focuses on Japanese expansionism. The Sino-Japanese war, the Russian-Japanese war and the annexation of Korea are described. Their course, main battles and finally their ending are described in detail
Measuring belief in free will or determinism: Validation of the Croatian translation of the Free Will and Determinism - Plus questionnaire (FAD - Plus)
No full textCilj ovog istraživanja bila je psihometrijska validacija hrvatskog prijevoda upitnika Free Will and Determinism-Plus (FAD-Plus), koji mjeri vjeru u slobodnu volju, znanstveni determinizam, fatalistički determinizam i nepredvidljivost. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 266 sudionika od kojih je 83,83 % bilo ženskog spola, a prosječna dob bila je 22,05 godina. Svi sudionici bili su studenti na jednom fakultetu u Zagrebu. Korišteni mjerni instrumenti bili su: hrvatski prijevod upitnika FAD-Plus, Višedimenzionalna skala lokusa kontrole, Upitnik religioznosti, Upitnik ličnosti IPIP-20 te Skala političke orijentacije. Istraživanje je provedeno uživo preko platforme Google Forms te su za ispunjavanje upitnika sudionici koristili svoje mobitele. Dobiveni koeficijenti pouzdanosti subskala bili su nešto niži od očekivanih. Eksploratorna faktorska analiza potvrdila je postojanje četiri faktora koja odgovaraju onim u izvornom radu. Rezultati provedene konfirmatorne faktorske analize sugeriraju odbacivanje izvornog modela sa svim česticama, stoga je ponuđen modificirani model koji pokazuje prihvatljivo slaganje s podacima. Očekivanja o povezanosti subskala upitnika FAD-Plus i drugih konstrukata uglavnom su potvrđena. Potvrđene su sljedeće pretpostavke: pozitivna povezanost između vjere u slobodnu volju i internalnog lokusa kontrole, pozitivna povezanost između dva oblika determinizma s eksternalnim lokusom kontrole, negativna povezanost između fatalističkog determinizma i emocionalne stabilnosti, pozitivna povezanost između fatalističkog determinizma i religijskih vjerovanja te pozitivna povezanost između vjere u slobodnu volju i desne političke orijentacije. Preostali rezultati su analizirani te je, uz navođenje ograničenja ovog istraživanja, ponuđen smjer za buduća.This research aimed to psychometrically validate the Croatian translation of the Free Will and Determinism-Plus (FAD-Plus) questionnaire, which measures belief in free will, scientific determinism, fatalistic determinism, and unpredictability. The study sample consisted of 266 university students from one faculty within the University of Zagreb, of which 83.83% were female. The average age of participants was 22.05 years. Measurement tools used included the Croatian translation of FAD-Plus, the Multidimensional Locus of Control Scale, the Religiosity Questionnaire, the IPIP-20, and the Political Orientation Scale. The research was conducted in person using Google Forms, with participants completing the questionnaires on their mobile phones. Subscale reliability coefficients were slightly lower than expected. Exploratory factor analysis confirmed the presence of four factors consistent with the original study. However, confirmatory factor analysis suggested rejecting the original model with all items, leading to a proposed modified model that fit the data acceptably. The anticipated correlations between FAD-Plus subscales and other constructs were largely confirmed. The following hypotheses were supported: a positive correlation between belief in free will and internal locus of control, a positive correlation between two forms of determinism and external locus of control, a
negative correlation between fatalistic determinism and emotional stability, a positive correlation between fatalistic determinism and religious beliefs, and a positive correlation between belief in free will and right-wing political orientation. Other observed correlations were discussed, and the study's limitations and directions for future research were outlined
Relationship between exercise and potential exercise addiction with eating patterns and self-criticism and self-encouragement
No full textCilj ovog rada je bio ispitati povezanost vježbanjem i potencijalnom ovisnošću o vježbanju s obrascima hranjenja te samokritičnost i samoohrabrivanjem. Istraživanje je provedeno online i uključeni su studenti Republike Hrvatske. Podaci su prikupljeni putem google forms obrazca te je obrazac poslan u različitim grupama ciljane populacije. Ukupno je u završnoj analizi sudjelovalo 232 sudionika zbog različitih otpadanja na eliminacijskim pitanjima. Za operacionalizaciju konstrukata su korišteni upitnici Exercise Dependence Scale-21 (EDS-21); Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18; The Forms of Self – Criticising/Attacking & Self Reassuring Scale (FSCRS). Rezultati ukazuju na to da postoji spolna razlika u promatranim varijablama, u smjeru da su žene sklonije emocionalnom jedenju i muškarci pokazuju veću izraženost ka ovisnošću o sportu. Osobe koje prakticiraju redovnu tjelovježbu pokazuju manju prisutnost neadekvatnim i nevoljenim selfu, te imaju veću sposobnost samoohrabrivanjem. Ovisnost o sportu ima značajne korelacije sa nekontroliranim jedenjem i kognitivnim suzdržavanjem, dok nema značajnih korelacija sa samokritičnost i samoohrabrivanjem. Emocionalno jedenje i nekontrolirano jedenje imaju značajne korelacije s nevoljenim i neadekvatnim selfom. Korištenim setom prediktora triju obrazaca hranjenja, samokritičnosti i samoohrabrivanjem moguće je objasniti 8,7% ukupne varijance ovisnosti o vježbanju. Značajni prediktori su emocionalno jedenje, nekontrolirano jedenje, kognitivno suzdržavanje i samoohrabrivanje.The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between exercise and potential exercise dependence with eating patterns, self-criticism, and self-reassurance. The research was conducted online and included students in the Republic of Croatia. Data were collected via a Google Forms survey, which was distributed in various target population groups. A total of 232 participants were included in the final analysis due to various exclusions based on screening questions. The constructs were operationalized using the following questionnaires: Exercise Dependence Scale-21 (EDS-21), Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18, and The Forms of Self-Criticizing/Attacking & Self-Reassuring Scale (FSCRS). The results indicate that there is a gender difference, with women being more prone to emotional eating and men showing a higher tendency towards exercise dependence. Individuals who regularly engage in physical exercise exhibit lower levels of inadequate and hated self, and have a greater ability for self-reassurance. Exercise dependence significantly correlates with uncontrolled eating and cognitive restraint but does not significantly correlate with self-criticism and self-reassurance. Emotional eating and uncontrolled eating significantly correlate with hated and inadequate self. The set of predictors used (three eating patterns, self-criticism, and self-reassurance) explained 8.7% of the total variance in exercise dependence. Significant predictors include emotional eating, uncontrolled eating, cognitive restraint, and self-reassurance
Personality traits, psychological capital, and parental behaviours as determinants of career decision-making difficulties
No full textCilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi ulogu osobina ličnosti, psihološkog kapitala i roditeljskih ponašanja u poteškoćama u donošenju profesionalnih odluka. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 560 učenika različitih srednjih škola u Hrvatskoj koji su praćeni tijekom godinu dana i testirani dva puta, u trećem i u četvrtom razredu srednje škole. Sudionici su ispunili Upitnik sociodemgrafskih podataka, HEXACO-60 inventar ličnosti, Skalu psihološkog kapitala, Skalu roditeljskih ponašanja u izgradnji karijere te Upitnik poteškoća u donošenju profesionalnih odluka. Rezultati ukazuju na srednju razinu poteškoća u donošenju profesionalnih odluka kod učenika. Također pokazuju da su pojedinci s višom razinom ekstraverzije, savjesnosti, iskrenosti-poniznosti, psihološkog kapitala i roditeljske podrške skloni imati manje poteškoća u donošenju profesionalnih odluka, dok su oni s višom razinom emocionalnosti, roditeljskog uplitanja i nedostatka roditeljskog angažmana skloni većim poteškoćama u donošenju profesionalnih odluka. Osobine ličnosti, psihološki kapital i roditeljska ponašanja objašnjavaju 34% ukupne varijance poteškoća u donošenju profesionalnih odluka. Najboljim prediktorom pokazao se psihološki kapital. Na temelju rezultata može se zaključiti da osobine ličnosti, psihološki kapital i roditeljska ponašanja imaju značajnu ulogu u poteškoćama u donošenju profesionalnih odluka.The aim of this study was to determine the role of personality traits, psychological capital and parental behaviours on career decision-making difficulties. The number of 560 students from different high schools in Croatia took part in this research and were monitored over the year and tested twice, in the third and fourth grade of high school. The participants filled out the general sociodemographic data, the HEXACO-60 personality inventory, the Compound Psychological Capital Scale – Revised, the Perceived Parental Career-Related Behaviour scale and the Career-Decision Making Difficulties Questionnaire. The results indicate medium level of difficulties in making career decisions among participants. Individuals with a higher level of extraversion, conscientiousness, honesty-humility, psychological capital and parental support tend to have fewer difficulties in making professional decisions, while those with a higher level of emotionality, parental interference and lack of parental involvement tend to have greater difficulties in making professional decisions. Personality traits, psychological capital and parenting behaviors explain 34% of the total variance of career decision makin difficulties. Psychological capital proved to be the best predictor. Based on these results, it can be concluded that personality traits, psychological capital and parental behaviours play a significant role in career decision making difficulties
The influence of social networks on socialization
No full textDruštvene mreže su transformirale način na koji komuniciramo i povezujemo se s drugima, donoseći brojne prednosti, ali i izazove koji zahtijevaju pažnju. Omogućuju praćenje najnovijih događaja, globalnu komunikaciju, dijeljenje iskustava i sudjelovanje u raznim aktivnostima, čime značajno doprinose socijalizaciji i stvaranju globalne zajednice. Međutim, uz prednosti, društvene mreže donose i određene negativne posljedice. Za korisnike koji nisu dovoljno educirani o sigurnom korištenju interneta, društvene mreže mogu postati opasne. Mnogi korisnici mogu nesvjesno pregledavati uređene sadržaje, što može negativno utjecati na njihovo samopoimanje i samopouzdanje te dovesti do prekomjernog uspoređivanja s drugima. Prekomjerna upotreba društvenih mreža također može smanjiti vrijeme provedeno u prirodi i povećati potrebu za samoćom, što može negativno utjecati na kvalitetu života. Ovaj rad analizira na koji način su društvene mreže utjecale na socijalizaciju. Unatoč čestom korištenju društvenih mreža, mladi smatraju da je lakši način komuniciranja uživo. Nadalje, mladi provode manje vremena u prirodi zbog nedostatka slobodnog vremena, a ne zbog čestog korištenja društvenih mreža. Ovim istraživanjem nisu se u potpunosti potvrdile, a ni opovrgnule veze između društvenih mreža i manjka empatije te utjecaja društvenih mreža na standarde ljepote.Social networks have transformed the way we communicate and connect with others, bringing numerous advantages but also challenges that require attention. Social networks enable the tracking of the latest events, global communication, sharing of experiences, and participation in various activities, significantly contributing to socialization and the creation of a global community. However, alongside their advantages, social networks also bring certain negative consequences. For users who are not sufficiently educated about safe internet use, social networks can become dangerous. Many users may unknowingly view edited content, which can negatively impact their self-perception and self-confidence, leading to excessive comparisons with others. Excessive use of social networks can also reduce time spent in nature and increase the need for solitude, which can negatively affect the quality of life. This paper analyze how social networks influenced socialization. Despite the frequent use of social networks, young people consider an easier way to communicate in person. Furthermore, young people spend less time in nature due to lack of free time, not because of frequent use of social networks. This research neither fully confirmed nor refuted the links between social networks and lack of empathy and the influence of social networks on beauty standards
Youth and virtual challenges on social network sites
No full textDruštvene mreže iz dana u dan nude razne sadržaje, kako pozitivne, tako i negativne. Primjer koji donosi obje strane su virtualni izazovi. Oni mogu biti društveni pokretači, ali i razlog tragičnih posljedica. Cilj ovog diplomskog rada je istražiti koliko su mladi upoznati s virtualnim izazovima, sudjeluju li u njima, te koja im je motivacija za uključivanje, gledanje ili potpuno ignoriranje virtualnih izazova. Virtualni izazovi nagli su porast doživjeli u skladu s rastom popularnosti TikToka koji je najpopularnija društvena mreža za njihovo dijeljenje. S obzirom da je generacija Z generacija koja je najzastupljenija na toj platformi, ciljana populacija istraživanja bili su upravo oni. Teorijski dio rada donosi pregled već postojeće literature o ovoj tematici, a istraživački dio donosi rezultate koji pokazuju motivaciju mladih za sudjelovanje u virtualnim izazovima.Social networks offer a variety of content every day, both positive and negative. An example that brings both parties are virtual challenges. They can be social drivers, but also the reason for tragic consequences. The aim of this thesis is to investigate how young people are familiar with virtual challenges, whether they participate in them, and what is their motivation for joining, watching or completely ignoring virtual challenges. Virtual challenges have experienced a sharp increase in line with the growth in popularity of TikTok, which is the most popular social network for sharing them. Given that Generation Z is the generation most represented on that platform, the target population of the research was exactly them. The theoretical part of the work provides an overview of the already existing literature on this topic, and the research part provides results that show the motivation of young people to participate in virtual challenges