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The Connection between Political Affiliation and Tolerance towards the LGBT Community and Members of Religious Communities
No full textOvaj rad sastoji se od tri dijela; u prvom dijelu prikazan je teorijski okvir koji se temelji na Bourdieuovom pojmu habitusa, Foucaultovom diskursu te prikazu stanja LGBTIQ+ zajednice i religioznosti u Hrvatskoj. Drugi dio donosi metodologiju istraživanja, a treći prikazuje rezultate istraživanja u kojem je generalni cilj bio ispitati postoji li povezanost između političke pripadnosti i stavova spram LGBTIQ+ zajednici i vjerskim zajednicama u Hrvatskoj. Izvor podataka jest EVS istraživanje iz 2017. godine koje je provedeno u Hrvatskoj.This work consists of three parts; the first part presents the theoretical framework based on Bourdieu's concept of habitus, Foucault's discourse, and an overview of the status of the LGBTIQ+ community and religiosity in Croatia. The second part details the research methodology, and the third part presents the research results, with the primary goal of examining whether there is a connection between political affiliation and attitudes towards the LGBTIQ+ community and religious communities in Croatia. The source of data is the EVS study from 2017, conducted in Croatia
The Downhill Mountain Bike Subculture in Croatia
No full textOvaj diplomski rad se bavi temom supkulture brdskog biciklizma u Hrvatskoj, posebice brdsko biciklističkog spusta koji je karakterističan za discipline downhill i enduro. Rad se sastoji od teorijskog i istraživačkog dijela, u prvom dijelu se iznesene definicije i objašnjenja pojmova ključnih za istraživanje. Opisani su fenomeni ekstremni sport, brdski biciklizam i njegove kategorije te supkultura s naglaskom na biciklističkoj supkulturi. Cilj istraživanja je opisati, analizirati i predstaviti karakteristike supkulture brdsko biciklističkog spusta u Hrvatskoj.
Naglasak je na Zagrebu jer istraživana supkultura najviše djeluje na tom području. Istraživanje je temeljeno na kvalitativnoj metodologiji, a korištene su metode polustrukturiraog intervjua na osam sudionika i promatranja sa sudjelovanjem kako bi se stekao što bolji uvid u proučavani fenomen.
U provedbi korišten je neprobabilistički namjerni uzorak i uzorak kotrljajuće snježne grude (snowball). Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju kako populacija istraživane supkulture sve se više popularizira, na što je izrazito utjecala izgradnja žičare Sljeme. Dominira muška populacija u rasponu od tinejdžerskih godina do pedesetogodišnjaka. Zbog kategorije ekstremnog sporta, pripadnici supkulture se konstantno nose s ozljedama prilikom vožnje koje ih ne sprječavaju u daljnjem bavljenju tim sportom. Naglašavaju važnost grupnih vožnja i ekipe koja im je bitna i potrebna za bavljenje brdsko biciklističkim spustom.This thesis deals with the subculture of mountain biking in Croatia, especially downhill mountain biking, which is characteristic for downhill and enduro disciplines. The paper consists of a theoretical and a research part, in the first part are presented definitions and explanations of terms key to the research. It is described the phenomena of extreme sports, mountain biking and its categories and subculture, with an emphasis on the cycling subculture. The aim of the research is to describe, analyze and present the characteristics of the downhill mountain biking subculture in Croatia. The emphasis is on Zagreb, because the researched subculture is most active in that area.
The research is based on qualitative methodology, and the methods of semi-structured interviews with eight participants and observation with participation were used in order to gain the best possible insight into the studied phenomenon. In the implementation, were used a non-probabilistic intentional sample and a snowball sample. The research results show that the population of the researched subculture is becoming increasingly popular, which was greatly influenced by the construction of the Sljeme cable car. It is dominated by the male population ranging from teenagers to fifty-year-olds. Due to the category of extreme sports, members of the subculture constantly deal with injuries while driving but that do not prevent them from continuing to practice this sport.
They emphasize the importance of group rides and the team which consider important and necessary for them to engage in downhill mountain biking.
Key words: Subculture, Mountain biking, Extreme sport, Ris
Consumption as a determinant of the establishment of interactional ritual chains among students of the University of Zagreb
No full textRad istražuje povezanost potrošačkih navika, socioekonomskih odrednica i društvenog života
studenata Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. U teorijskom dijelu su analizirani koncepti potrošačkog
društva i ponašanja potrošača, uz naglasak na teoriju R. Collinsa o interakcijskim ritualnim
lancima. Potrošnja, kao svakodnevna aktivnost, postaje društveni proces, oblikujući interakcije
i emocionalne energije među studentima. Društveno okruženje potiče potrošačko ponašanje u
smjeru veće potrošnje, ali i podrazumijeva interakciju s drugima. Nadalje, u empirijskom dijelu
istraživanja, uzorak predstavljaju studenti različitih studijskih programa Sveučilišta u Zagrebu.
Mjerni instrument korišten u istraživanju je anketni upitnik sastavljen od pitanja o
socioekonomskom statusu, potrošačkim navikama i društvenim aktivnostima studenata
Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. Podaci su prikupljeni online, postavljanjem upitnika na društvene mreže
poput Facebooka i Instagrama. Sudjelovanje je bilo anonimno i dobrovoljno, a prikupljeni
podaci su analizirani kvantitativnim metodama. Istraživanje je provedeno tijekom ožujka i
travnja 2024. godine, a rezultati su pokazali statistički značajnu povezanost socioekonomskih
odrednica, potrošačkih navika i društvenog života studenata Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. Prema
rezultatima, studenti Sveučilišta u Zagrebu prilagođavaju svoje potrošačke navike financijskim
aktivnostima, često koristeći studentske popuste te postavljajući prioritete u potrošnji. Isto tako,
društvene aktivnosti su povezane s potrošačkim navikama studenata Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, a
jedna od popularnijih je odlazak u kafiće. Shodno istraživanju, potrošnja igra ključnu ulogu u
stvaranju i održavanju interakcijskih ritualnih lanaca, doprinoseći društvenoj solidarnosti i
koheziji.The master's thesis deals with connection between consumer habits, socioeconomic
determinants and the social life of students at the University of Zagreb. In the theoretical part,
the concepts of consumer society and consumer behavior are analyzed with an emphasis on R.
Collins' theory of interactional ritual chains. Consumption, as a daily activity, becomes a social
process, shaping interactions and emotional energies among students. The social environment
encourages consumer behavior in the direction of higher consumption, but also implies
interaction with others. Furthermore, in the empirical part of the research, the sample is
represented by students of various study programs at the University of Zagreb. The measuring
instrument used in the research is a questionnaire consisting of questions about the
socioeconomic status, consumption habits and social activities of the students of the University
of Zagreb. The data was collected online, by posting questionnaires on social networks such as
Facebook and Instagram. Participation was anonymous and voluntary, and the collected data
were analyzed using quantitative methods. The research was conducted during March and April
2024, and the results showed a statistically significant connection between socioeconomic
determinants, consumer habits and the social life of students at the University of Zagreb.
According to the results, students adapt their spending habits to financial activities, often using
student discounts and setting spending priorities. Likewise, social activities are related to the
spending habits of students, and one of the more popular ones is going to cafes. According to
research, consumption plays a key role in creating and maintaining interactive ritual chains,
contributing to social solidarity and cohesion
RELATIONS BETWEEN YUGOSLAVIA AND THE SOVIET UNION FROM 1947 TO 1953 IN THE CONTEXT OF THE INFORMBIRO ON THE BASIS OF LEADING YUGOSLAV NEWSPAPERS
No full textOd osnutka Informacionoga biroa komunističkih i radničkih partija (Informbiroa) 1947. pa sve do
smrti sovjetskoga čelnika Josifa Visarionoviča Staljina 1953. odnosi Federativne Narodne Republike
Jugoslavije (FNRJ; dalje: Jugoslavije) i Saveza Sovjetskih Socijalističkih Republika (SSSR; dalje:
Sovjetskoga Saveza) bili su složeni. Početni iznimno dobri odnosi tijekom kojih se središte
spomenute međunarodne komunističke organizacije nalazilo u Beogradu izmijenili su se do
neprepoznatljivosti te su doveli do isključenja Komunističke partije Jugoslavije (KPJ) iz Informbiroa
u lipnju 1948., odnosno nepunih godinu dana nakon osnutka te organizacije. Isključenje KPJ iz
navedene zajednice komunističkih partija uzrokovalo je prekid međupartijskih odnosa. Međudržavni
odnosi Jugoslavije i Sovjetskoga Saveza nastavljeni su kroz čitavu 1948. i veći dio 1949. Tek
raskidom Ugovora o prijateljstvu, uzajamnoj pomoći i suradnji između dviju država, protjerivanjem
jugoslavenskoga veleposlanika iz Moskve te donošenjem druge rezolucije Informbiroa, bili su
prekinuti odnosi između dviju država. Sva tri čina potaknuo je Sovjetski Savez. Ključna godina za
razumijevanje odnosa između dviju država bila je 1949., a ne 1948., kako je uvriježeno mišljenje.
Razdoblje uzajamnih napetih odnosa promijenilo se nakon smrti sovjetskoga državnika Josifa
Staljina 1953. Nakon Staljinove smrti, ubrzo se u rujnu 1953. zbila obnova diplomatskih odnosa
između dvije zemlje. Tada je, nakon četiri godine izbivanja, ponovno u Moskvu stigao jugoslavenski
veleposlanik. Nakon toga su i ostale zemlje pod sovjetskim nadzorom obnovile diplomatsku suradnju
s Jugoslavijom, koja je bila narušena kao što je bio slučaj i sa Sovjetskim Savezom. U razdoblju od
isključenja KPJ iz Informbiroa do Staljinove smrti napeti međusobni odnosi očitovali su se poglavito
sovjetskim političkim napadima putem medija, posredstvom montiranih sudskih procesa i
kontroliranoga tiska, zatim sovjetska ekonomska blokada prema Jugoslaviji i graničnim incidentima
Jugoslavije sa susjednim državama pod sovjetskim patronatom. Unatoč iznimno napetim odnosima
između država tijekom cijele 1948. i dio 1949. jugoslavensko vodstvo je u važnijim
vanjskopolitičkim događajima zauzimalo prosovjetsko stajalište, neovisno o tome što su Sovjeti
usporedno s time vodili političku kampanju protiv tog istoga vodstva. Taj nesklad između
konfrontacije dviju država na jednoj razini, uz istodobnu istovjetnost političkih stajališta (različita
gledanja na građanski rat u Grčkoj, na pitanje Trsta i Koruške, pitanje federacije s Bugarskom i
Albanijom) na drugoj razini, ukazuje na to da se, suprotno dosadašnjim historiografskim tvrdnjama,
odnos Jugoslavije i Sovjetskoga Saveza u navedenome razdoblju ne može pojednostavljeno definirati
kao „sukob“. Njihov odnos može se definirati kao „razmimoilaženje” u stavovima koje se tek krajem
1949. izrazito produbilo prekidom diplomatskih odnosa i smanjenim opsegom ekonomskih ugovora
te sučeljavanjem na političkoj pozornici Organizacije Ujedinjenih naroda (OUN), što se može okarakterizirati kao svojevrsni “sukob nižega intenziteta”From founding of the Information Bureau of the Communist and Workers' Parties (Informbiro) in
1947 until the death of the Soviet leader Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin in 1953, the relations between
the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (FPRY) and Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
were complex. The initial very good relations, where Belgrade was the centre of the said international
communist organization, changed beyond recognition and resulted with the expulsion of Communist
Party of Yugoslavia (CPY) from the Informbiro in June 1948, only a year after the organization was
founded. Expulsion of the CPY from that community of communist parties caused the severance of
relations between the parties. Interstate relations between Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union were
continued throughout 1948 and most of 1949. Relations between the two countries were interrupted
by the termination of the Agreement on Friendship, Mutual Assistance and Cooperation between the
two countries, the expulsion of the Yugoslav ambassador from Moscow, and the adoption of the
second resolution of the Informbiro. All three actions were initiated by the Soviet Union. The key year
for understanding the relationship between the two countries was 1949, not 1948, as is the popular
opinion. The period of mutually tense relations changed after the death of the Soviet statesman Joseph
Stalin in 1953. Soon after Stalin's death, in September 1953, the restoration of diplomatic relations
between the two countries took place. Then, after four years of absence, the Yugoslav ambassador
returned to Moscow again. After that, other countries under Soviet control renewed diplomatic
cooperation with Yugoslavia, which had been disrupted, as was the case with the Soviet Union. In the
period from exclusion of the CPY from the Informbiro until Stalin's death, strained mutual relations
were manifested mainly in Soviet political attacks through the media, through staged trials and
controlled press, then the Soviet economic blockade of Yugoslavia and border incidents between
Yugoslavia and neighboring countries under Soviet patronage. Despite the extremely tense relations
between the countries during the whole of 1948 and part of 1949, the Yugoslav leadership took a proSoviet position in major foreign policy events, regardless of the fact that the Soviets simultaneously
conducted a political campaign against that same leadership. This discrepancy between the
confrontation of the two countries on one hand, with the simultaneous identity of political positions
(different views on the civil war in Greece, question of Trieste and Carinthia, question of the federation
with Bulgaria and Albania) on the other, indicates that, contrary to historiographical views on this
topic, the relationship between Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union in the mentioned period cannot be simply defined as a "conflict". Their relationship can be defined as a "divergence" in attitudes which
significantly deepened in 1949 by the break of diplomatic relations and the reduced scope of economic
objections, as well as confrontation on the political stage of the United Nations Organization (UN), which can be characterized as a kind of "conflict of lower intensity"
Social support and coping with stressful situations of participants of the Police Academy "Prvi hrvatski redarstvenik"
No full textCilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati odnos socijalne podrške, depresivnosti, anksioznosti i stresa, suočavanja sa stresnim situacijama i fizičke aktivnosti kod polaznika Policijske škole “Josip Jović”. Istraživanje je provedeno u Policijskoj školi “Josip Jović” u kojem je sudjelovalo 282 polaznika prvi čemu 206 pripadnika muškog spola te 76 pripadnica ženskog spola prosječne dobi od 21 godine. Podaci su prikupljeni setom upitnika koji sastojao od općih sociodemografskih pitanja, Ljestvice socijalne podrške, Ljestvice depresivnosti, anksioznosti i stresa, Upitnika suočavanja sa stresnim situacijama i Ljestvice ovisnosti o vježbanju. Istraživanjem je utvrđeno kako postoji povezanost socijalne podrške i depresivnosti, anksioznosti, stresa i suočavanja usmjerenog na problem, fizičke aktivnosti i depresivnosti, anksioznosti, stresa i suočavanja usmjerenog na problem. Nadalje, nisu pronađene značajne razlike u depresivnosti, anksioznosti, stresu i načinu suočavanja sa stresom s obzirom na razinu fizičke aktivnosti. No, utvrđeno je kako postoji razlika u depresivnosti, anksioznosti, stresu i suočavanjem sa stresom putem izbjegavanja između polaznika s višom i nižom razinom socijalne podrške te je istraživanje pokazalo kako postoji razlika u anksioznosti i stresu između ženskih i muških sudionika.The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between social support, depression, anxiety, stress, coping strategies, and physical activity among trainees at the "Josip Jović" Police Academy. The research was conducted at the "Josip Jović" Police Academy with 282 participants, including 206 male and 76 female trainees, with an average age of 21 years. Data were collected using a set of questionnaires comprising general socio-demographic questions, Scales of Perceived Social Support, The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations and Exercise Dependence Scale-21. The study found a correlation between social support and depression, anxiety, stress, and problem-focused coping, as well as between physical activity and depression, anxiety, stress, and problem-focused coping. Furthermore, no significant differences were found in depression, anxiety, stress, and problem-focused coping based on the level of physical activity. However, differences were observed in depression, anxiety, stress, and avoidance coping between participants with higher and lower levels of social support, and the study showed gender differences in anxiety and stress among participants
The contribution of digital communication of influencers on Instagram to the attitudes and behaviors of targeted audience
No full textPredmet istraživanja ovog diplomskog rada doprinos je digitalne komunikacije influencera na
Instagramu na stavove i ponašanje ciljane skupine. Suvremeni svijet doba je digitalne tehnologije
i različitih inovacija u online prostoru poput razvoja algoritama, aplikacija, društvenih mreža i
influencera koji zaokupljaju najveću pozornost publike. Kibernetički prostor prožet je različitim
sadržajem, a u golemoj količini istoga izdvaja se sadržaj kreiran od influencera koji uspostavljaju
poseban odnos sa svojim pratiteljima. U početku je sadržaj kojeg influenceri generiraju prožet
trenutcima iz njihovih privatnih života, međutim s vremenom se na njihovim profilima pojavljuju
i druge različite rubrike, savjeti, preporuke proizvoda, usluga, brendova i slično. Influenceri
postaju fenomen digitalnog doba kojemu se počinje pridavati mnogo pažnje, a samim time i
određena moć i doprinos oblikovanju, mijenjanju ili formiranju stavova, razmišljanja, navika,
uvjerenja te ponašanja pojedinaca. Ovaj rad koncipiran je u dva dijela; prvi dio rada prikazuje
teorijski okvir, dok je u drugom dijelu rada predstavljeno provedeno empirijsko istraživanje. U
teorijskom dijelu rada prikazan je pregled razvoja društvenih mreža s naglaskom na njihov značaj
za ljudsku komunikaciju i život. Nadalje, teorijski dio stavlja naglasak na psihološki i
bihevioristički aspekt. Istraživački dio prikazuje realizaciju i rezultate dvaju istraživanja
provedenih kombiniranom metodologijom. Provedena je analiza sadržaja i komunikacije četiriju
odabranih influencera kojom su utvrđeni komunikacijski obrasci i trendovi u sadržaju koji
generiraju i objavljuju odabrani influenceri na svojim profilima. Drugi dio istraživanja temelji se
na provedbi anketnog upitnika na neprobabilističkom kvotnom uzorku pri čemu je glavnu stavku
predstavljala dob ispitanika, odnosno činjenica da su isti pripadnici generacije Z. Rezultati
empirijskog istraživanja prikazuju da svaki influencer komunicira s publikom na sebi svojstven
način. Također, rezultati pokazuju da je većina sadržaja koji generiraju influenceri marketinškog i
promotivnog karaktera te da publika nije sklona vjerovati riječima influencera. Mogući doprinos
influencera te njihovog djelovanja može se podijeliti na dvije kategorije, odnosno na potrošačko
ponašanje pojedinca i razmišljanja o društvenom važnim temama. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju
da prilikom odabira proizvoda ili usluga javnost ne pridaje važnost preporukama influencera, dok
su kod društveno važnih tema rezultati kontradiktorni.The subject of this thesis is the contribution of influencers' digital communication on Instagram to
the attitudes and behavior of the target audience. The modern world is characterized as an era of
digital technology and various innovations in the online space, such as the development of
algorithms, applications, social networks, and influencers who capture the most attention from the
public. Cyberspace is filled with diverse content, and among the vast amount, the content created
by influencers stands out, as they establish a special relationship with their followers. Initially, the
content generated by influencers is intertwined with moments from their private lives; however,
over time, other different segments, advice, product recommendations, services, brands, and so on,
begin to appear on their profiles. Influencers have become a phenomenon of the digital age,
garnering significant attention and thus gaining certain power and influence in shaping, changing,
or forming the attitudes, thoughts, habits, beliefs, and behaviors of individuals. This thesis is
structured into two parts: the first part presents the theoretical framework, while the second part
presents the empirical research conducted. The theoretical part of the thesis provides an overview
of the development of social networks, with an emphasis on their significance for human
communication and life. Furthermore, the theoretical section highlights the psychological and
behavioral aspects. The research section illustrates the implementation and results of two studies
conducted using a combined methodology. A content analysis and communication review were
conducted on four selected influencers, identifying communication patterns and trends in the
content generated and published by the chosen influencers on their profiles. The second part of the
research was based on conducting a survey questionnaire on a non-probability quota sample, where
the main criterion was the respondents' age, specifically that the sample consisted of members of
Generation Z. The results of the empirical research show that each influencer communicates with
their audience in a manner unique to them. Additionally, the results indicate that the majority of
the content generated by influencers is of a marketing and promotional nature, and the audience is
generally skeptical of the influencers' words. The potential contribution of influencers and their
impact can be divided into two categories, namely consumer behavior or considerations on socially
important topics. The research findings suggest that when choosing products or services, the public
does not place importance on influencers' recommendations, while the results regarding socially
important topics are contradictory
Continuum of interpersonal narcissim
No full textIstraživanja narcizma otežana su njegovom nejednoznačnom definicijom i teorijskim prijeporima u razumijevanju glavnih odrednica, etiologiji, prevalenciji i dimenzijama. Različite konceptualizacije dobivaju dodatno na važnosti razmatranjem rezultata analiza na višoj razini, poput meta-analiza, gdje se može spekulirati o opravdanosti donošenja zaključaka uslijed neusporedivosti konstrukata između različitih istraživanja. Pojačan interes za istraživanje pojma u posljednjih 20 godina govori o njegovoj relevantnosti u shvaćanju suvremenog čovjeka, a interpretacije u popularnoj kulturi postavljaju zahtjev teorijskog razjašnjenja u svrhu znanstvene argumentacije o točnosti shvaćanja narcizma. Velik broj koncepcija narcizma zahtjeva postavljanje konstrukta u opći okvir dosadašnjih razumijevanja struktura ličnosti unutar kontinuuma abnormalno-normalno, koji omogućava povezivanje subkliničkih i kliničkih shvaćanja narcizma. Klinički narcizam na ovaj način postaje ekstremna manifestacija narcističnih značajki, dok će se jednaka ponašanja izražena u manjoj mjeri, manje disfunkcionalna za pojedinca i njegovu okolinu, obilježavati kao subklinički narcizam.
Promatranje disfunkcija interpersonalne domene, izražene kod narcizma, kroz prizmu (dis)funkcionalnosti bihevioralnih obrazaca kao rezultante kontinuumskog shvaćanja konstrukta omogućuje usporedbu različitih koncepcija narcizma, teorijsko objašnjenje pozitivnih intervencija u praktičnom adresiranju narcizma te otvara put prema destigmatizaciji pojma u zajednicama koje nisu znanstvene ili u kliničkoj praksi. Cilj ovog rada je unutar spomenutog logičkog okvira opisati aktualno viđenje konstrukta i osnovne koncepcije narcizma kroz povijest, povezati ga s relevantnim konstruktima te postaviti u kulturalni kontekst današnjice.Research on narcissism is hampered by its ambiguous definition and theoretical controversies in understanding its main determinants, etiology, prevalence and dimensions. Different conceptualizations gain additional importance by considering the results of analyses at a higher level, such as meta-analyses, where one can speculate about the justification of drawing conclusions due to the incomparability of constructs between different studies. Increased interest in the research of the term in the last 20 years speaks of its relevance in the understanding of modern man, and interpretations in popular culture require theoretical clarification for possibility of scientific argumentation about the accuracy of the understanding of narcissism. A large number of conceptions of narcissism require the placement of the construct in the general framework of the current understanding of personality structures within the abnormal-normal continuum, which enables the connection of subclinical and clinical understandings of narcissism. In this way, clinical narcissism becomes an extreme manifestation of narcissistic features, while the same behaviors expressed to a lesser extent, less dysfunctional for the individual and their environment, will be characterized as subclinical narcissism. Observing the dysfunctions of the interpersonal domain, expressed in narcissism, through the prism of the (dys)functionality of behavioral patterns as a result of a continuum understanding of the construct enables the comparison of different conceptions of narcissism, the theoretical explanation of positive interventions in the addressing of narcissism in practice, and opens the way to destigmatizing the term in non-scientific or non-clinical communities.
The goal of this paper is to describe the current view of the construct and basic conception of narcissism throughout history, to connect it with relevant constructs and to place it in the cultural context of today´s world
Relationship between muscle dysmorphia symptoms and different aspects of psychosocial well-being among young adult men
No full textTemeljem sve učestalijeg prikazivanja idealnog muškog tijela koje je obilježeno jakim rukama, širokim ramenima i vitkim strukom kroz medije i društvene mreže (Jotanovic, 2022), postavlja se pitanje na koji način je to povezano s muškom slikom tijela i njihovim ponašanje. Mišićna dismorfija je vrsta tjelesne dismorfije obilježena negativnom slikom tijela i zaokupljenošću idejom da je vlastito tijelo previše mršavo i nedovoljno mišićavo (APA, 2014). Dodatno, utvrđen je rast u nezadovoljstvu svojim tijelom kod muškaraca (Mental Health Foundation, 2019). U svrhu boljeg razumijevanja fenomena mišićne dismorfije provedeno je online istraživanje u kojem je sudjelovalo 162 muškaraca rane odrasle dobi. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi zastupljenost rizika razvitka mišićne dismorfije te identificirati psihosocijalne čimbenike povezane s rizikom razvitka mišićne dismorfije. Kako bi se utvrdio rizik razvitka mišićne dismorfije, korišten je Inventar mišićne dismorfije (Hildebrandt i sur., 2004), Višedimenzionalni inventar perfekcionizma u sportu je korišten za mjerenje perfekcionističkih težnji za vrijeme vježbanja (Stoeber i sur., 2007), Upitnik emocionalne kompetentnosti (UEK-15) (Takšić, 2002) za mjerenje emocionalne kompetentnosti, Skala sklonosti uspoređivanja s drugima (Ćubela Adorić i Penezić, 2004) za mjerenje sklonosti uspoređivanja s drugima te podljestvica Izgledom uvjetovanog osjećaja osobne vrijednosti (Corcker i sur., 2003) za mjerenje važnosti koju osoba pridaje vlastitom izgledom. U skladu s očekivanjima, muškarci mlađe odrasle dobi koji imaju izraženiju simptomatologiju mišićne dismorfije imaju višu razinu maladaptivnih perfekcionisitčkih težnji, skloni su pridavanju veće važnosti vlastitom tjelesnom izgledu, uspoređivanju s drugima i brojanju kalorija. Dobiveni rezultati doprinose boljem razumijevanju odrednica slike tijela muškaraca u Republici Hrvatskoj – kao i psihosocijalnih čimbenika koji su povezani s rizikom razvoja mišićne dismorfije.With the rise in portrayal of an ideal male body, commonly associated with strong arms, wide shoulders and thin waist, through both classic and social media (Jotanovic, 2022), the question is how that affects men’s body image and behaviour. Muscle dysmorphia is a type of disorder characterised by negative body image and insecurities about appearing small and weak (APA, 2014). Contemporary research has confirmed the rise of body dissatisfaction among men (Mental Health Foundation, 2019). Accordingly, to better understand this complex phenomenon, online survey was carried out. The data obtained from 162 men was examined with the goal of identifying psychosocial factors are associated with muscle dysmorphic symptoms. Muscle dysmorphic disorder inventory was used to measure the risk of developing muscle dysmorphia (Hildebrandt et al., 2014), Multidimensional Inventory of Perfectionism in Sport (Stoeber et al., 2007) to measure perfectionism, Emotional Competency Questionnaire (Takšić, 2002) to measure emotional competency, Social Comparison Scale (Ćubela Adorić i Penezić, 2004) to measure tendency towards social comparison and Appearance subscale in Contingencies of Self-Worth Scale (Crocker et al., 2003) to measure appearance contingency of self-worth. The results showed that young adult men with higher degree of muscle dysmorphic symptomology are characterised by higher levels of maladaptive perfectionism, endorsement of appearance as contingency of self-worth, tendency for social comparison and are also more prone to count calories. With these results we have gained insight into some determinants of body image of men in Croatia as well as to concerning psychosocial factors related to higher risk for developing muscle dysmorphia
Socio-demographic and Ethnic Changes in Slavonia after World War II
No full textNakon završetka Drugog svjetskog rata, Slavonija, kao važna regija istočne Hrvatske, doživjela je značajne socio-demografske i etničke promjene koje su ostavile dubok trag na prostoru i društvu. Ovaj rad analizira ključne demografske procese i njihove učinke na Slavoniju, s posebnim naglaskom na razdoblje nakon Drugog svjetskog rata. Nakon ratnih razaranja, regija Slavonije suočila se s obnovom infrastrukture, gospodarstva i društva. Obnova je privukla migrante iz različitih dijelova Hrvatske i drugih bivših jugoslavenskih republika, što je rezultiralo značajnim promjenama u etničkoj i demografskoj strukturi. Dolazak novih stanovnika, u kombinaciji s povratkom izbjeglica i raseljenih osoba, doveo je do različitih demografskih dinamika unutar regije. U pogledu etničke strukture, Slavonija je tradicionalno bila dom većinski hrvatskog stanovništva. Međutim, dolazak novih migranata i povratnika doveo je do raznolikosti etničkog sastava. Pripadnici različitih etničkih skupina, uključujući Srbe, Mađare, i druge manjine, postali su sastavni dio slavonske zajednice. Demografske promjene obuhvatile su i prostornu raspodjelu stanovništva. Urbanizacija je postala sve izraženija, s gradovima kao što su Osijek, Vukovar, Slavonski Brod i drugima kao glavnim središtima privlačenja ljudi zbog radnih prilika i infrastrukturnih resursa. Ova koncentracija stanovništva u gradovima imala je utjecaja na ruralna područja koja su se suočavala s depopulacijom. Jedan od ključnih demografskih procesa bio je i natalitet. Promjene u ekonomskim uvjetima, društvenim normama i pristupu zdravstvenoj skrbi utjecale su na stopu nataliteta. Period nakon Drugog svjetskog rata obilježen je fluktuacijama u natalitetu, a ponekad se javio i negativan prirodni prirast. Ovi demografski pokazatelji imali su dugoročne implikacije na strukturu populacije. Uz demografske promjene, političke i ekonomske okolnosti također su oblikovale Slavoniju. Tranzicija prema samostalnoj Hrvatskoj kao neovisnoj državi, a kasnije i raspad Jugoslavije, imali su utjecaja na političku i socijalnu dinamike regije. Ovi događaji doprinijeli su i etničkim napetostima i konfliktima, posebno tijekom devedesetih godina.After the end of World War II, Slavonia, as an important region in eastern Croatia, experienced significant socio-demographic and ethnic changes that left a profound impact on its territory and society. This paper analyzes key demographic processes and their effects on Slavonia, with a special emphasis on the period after World War II. Following the wartime destruction, the Slavonia region faced the reconstruction of infrastructure, economy, and society. This recovery attracted migrants from different parts of Croatia and other former Yugoslav republics, resulting in significant changes in ethnic and demographic structure. The influx of new residents, combined with the return of refugees and displaced persons, led to diverse demographic dynamics within the region. In terms of ethnic composition, Slavonia traditionally housed a majority Croatian population. However, the arrival of new migrants and returnees led to ethnic diversity. Members of different ethnic groups, including Serbs, Hungarians, and other minorities, became integral parts of the Slavonian community. Demographic changes also encompassed spatial population distribution. Urbanization became more pronounced, with cities such as Osijek, Vukovar, Slavonski Brod, and others becoming primary centers of attraction due to job opportunities and infrastructure resources. This population concentration in cities had an impact on rural areas, which experienced depopulation. One of the key demographic processes was birth rate. Changes in economic conditions, social norms, and access to healthcare influenced the birth rate. The period after World War II saw fluctuations in birth rates, sometimes even a negative natural increase. These demographic indicators had long-term implications for population structure. Alongside demographic changes, political and economic circumstances also shaped Slavonia. The transition towards an independent Croatia as a sovereign state, and later the dissolution of Yugoslavia, had impacts on the political and social dynamics of the region. These events also contributed to ethnic tensions and conflicts, particularly during the 1990s
Twins and romantic relationship
No full textOvo istraživanje nastoji istražiti i objasniti iskustva i značenje romantičnih veza jednojajčanih blizanaca te načine na koje doživljavaju mogućnosti romantičnih veza u odnosu sa svojim blizanačkim parom. Kako bi dobili sveobuhvatan uvid u temu, koristeći se teorijom ljubavi, privrženosti i interakcija objašnjene su teorijske postavke rada. Istraživanje je provedeno metodom polu-strukturiranog intervjua na šest jednojajčanih blizanaca od kojih je troje u vezi, a njihov blizanac nije te troje koje nisu u vezi, a njihov blizanac jest. Ovakav je uzorak uzet kako bi se obuhvatila oba iskustva takvog odnosa. Također, jedan od uvjeta uzorka je bio da blizanac koji je u vezi, nije u njoj duže od pet godina. Istraživanje počiva na fenomenološkom pristupu i kvalitativnog je tipa. Povod za istraživanjem sažima se u pretpostavci da ulaskom treće osobe, to jest partnera u blizanački odnos, dolazi do njegove promjene, a također se htjelo ispitati kakav je odnos društva prema takvoj situaciji. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju kako odnos blizanaca u vidu kvalitete ostaje nepromijenjen, a romantična je veza jednog od blizanaca bitna stavka za oba blizanca. Također, velika se važnost pridaje odnosu partnera sa blizanačkim parom i od strane blizanca koji je u vezi, ali i onog koji nije. Pokazalo se da obitelj najviše naglašava i pridaje važnost činjenici da je jedan od blizanaca u vezi, a drugi nije.This research explores and explains the experiences and meaning of romantic relationships of identical twins and the ways in which they experience the possibilities of romantic relationships in relation to their twin pair. In order to get a comprehensive insight into the topic, the theoretical assumptions of the work were explained through the theory of love, attachment and interaction. The research was conducted using a semi-structured interview method on six identical twins, three of whom are in a relationship and their twin is not, and three who are not in a relationship and their twin is. This sample was taken in order to cover both experiences of such a relationship. Also, one of the conditions of the sample was that the twin who is in a relationship, has not been in it for more than five years. The research is based on a phenomenological approach and is qualitative in nature. The reason for the research can be summed up in the assumption that the entry of a third person, that is, a partner in a twin relationship, changes it, and we also wanted to examine the attitude of society towards such a situation. The results of the research show that the quality of the relationship between twins remains unchanged, and the romantic relationship of one of the twins is an important item for both twins. Also, great importance is attached to the relationship of the partner with the twin pair, both from the side of the twin who is in a relationship, and from the side of the one who is not. It was proved that the family most emphasizes and attaches importance to the fact that one of the twins is in a relationship and the other is not